CBSE Class 10 Social Science Minerals And Energy Resources Assignment Set C

Very Short answer Type Question

Question. How do minerals occur in sedimentary rocks?
Answer: In sedimentary rocks , minerals occur in beds and layers.

Question. What are the two types occurrence of minerals in igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Answer: In igneous and metamorphic rocks minerals may occur in the cracks, crevices, faults or joints. The smaller occurrences are called veins and the larger are called lodes.

Question. What is a mineral?
Answer: Mineral is a naturally occurring substance with a definite chemical and crystallographic structure.

Question. Why are there a wide range of colours, hardness, crystal forms, lustre and density found in minerals?
Answer: The varied colours found in minerals are due to its chemical composition, and the parameters such as temperature, pressure, rate of cooling etc., present during its formation.

Question. How is iron-ore transported from Kudremukh mines to a port near Mangaluru?
Answer: Iron ore is transported as slurry through pipelines.

Question. Why aluminium metal has great importance?
Answer: Aluminium metal combines the properties of great strength, lightness, malleability and conductivity

Question. Which one of the following minerals is used to harden steel during its manufacturing?
(a) Iron ore
(b) Coking coal
(c) Manganese
(d) Limestone

Answer: C

Question. Name the industry which uses limestone as its main raw material.
Answer: Cement Industry

Question. Why should the use of cattle cake as fuel be discouraged?
Answer: (a) It creates pollution
(b) By burning a manure resource is destroyed, which can improve soil fertility.

Question. How are ‘Gobar Gas Plants’ beneficial to the farmers?
Answer: Gobar Gas Plant are beneficial to the farmers by two ways. It provides a clean fuel for domestic cooking and lighting. It also provides high quality manure.

Short answer Type Question

Question. Describe any three characteristics of the Durg- Bastar-Chandrapur Iron-ore belt in India.
Answer: Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur belt lies in Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra.
(a) It provides very high grade hematite from the famous Bailadila range of hills in the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh.
(b) The range of hills comprise of 14 deposits of super high-grade hematite iron ore. It has the best physical properties needed for steel making.
(c) Iron ore from these mines is exported to Japan and South Korea via Vishakhapatnam port.

Question. Describe any three characteristics of ‘Odisha- Jharkhand belt’ of iron ore in India.
Answer: Odisha-Jharkhand belt:
(a) In Odisha high grade hematite ore is found in Badampahar mines in the Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar districts.
(b) In the adjoining Singbhum district of Jharkhand hematite iron ore is mined in Gua and Noamundi.
(c) These mines feed the steel industry in the eastern and other parts of India.

Question. Describe any three characteristics of Bellary-Chitradurga, Chikmaglur-Tumkur iron-ore blet in India.
Answer: Ballari-Chitradurga-Chikmagaluru-Tumakuru belt in Karnataka has large reserves of iron ore.
(a) The Kudremukh mines located in the Western Ghats of Karnataka.
(b) They are a 100 per cent export unit.
(c) Kudremukh deposits are known to be one of the largest in the world. The ore is transported as slurry through a pipeline to a port near Mangaluru.

Question. “India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world. Yet we are not able to perform to our full potential.” Suggest and explain any three measure to get full potential.
Answer: Though, India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world yet, we are not able to perform to our full potential largely due to the following reasons: High costs and limited availability of coking coal and poor supportive infrastructure. Many of the steel plants have outdated technology.
We can greatly improve our performance by adapting the following measures:
(a) Modernizing the technology and machinery.
(b) Streamlining supply of inputs such as iron ore coke etc.
(c) Having adequate buffer of electricity capacity. (d) Streamlining customer demand and supplies.

Question. Describe any three features of ferrous minerals found in India.
Answer: Ferrous minerals in India account for approximately three-fourths of the total price of the production of metallic minerals. They provide a strong foundation for the expansion of metallurgical industries. India is also a leading exporter of ferrous minerals, magnetite, hematite are some of the common ferrous minerals. Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra are the chief states where these minerals are found.

Question. Why is mica considered the most important mineral in electric and electronic industries? Give three reasons.
Answer: Mica is :
(i) Excellent di-electric in strength and has low power loss factor.
(ii) It has insulating properties and resistance to high voltage.
(iii) It is the most indispensable mineral used in electric and electronic industries.

Question. Differentiate between metallic and nonmetallic minerals with examples.
Answer: Metallic Minerals:
(a) Metallic minerals are those minerals which can be processed to obtain metals.
(b) Magnetite, hematite, bauxite, are some examples.
(c) These are generally associated with igneous and metamorphic rocks.
(d) They are usually hard and have shines or luster of their own.
Non-Metallic Minerals:
(a) Non-metallic minerals are those which do not yield new products on melting.
(b) Coal, salt, clay, marble are some examples.
(c) These are generally associated with sedimentary rocks.
(d) They are not so hard and have no shine or luster of their own.

Question. “Minerals are indispensible part of our lives.” Support the statement with examples.
Answer: Minerals are important part of our lives.
(i) Almost everything we use, from a tiny pin to built a towering building or a big ship, all are made from minerals.
(ii) The railway lines and the roads, our implements and machine are all made from minerals.
(iii) Cars, buses, trains, aeroplanes are manufactured from minerals and run on power resources derived from minerals.
(iv) Even the food that we eat contains minerals.
(v) In all stages of development, human being have use minerals for their livelihood, decoration, festivities, religious and ceremonial rites.

Question. Which minerals are used to obtain nuclear energy? Name all the six nuclear power stations of India.
Answer: The minerals which are used to obtain nuclear energy are Uranium, Thorium.
(i) Narora nuclear power station.
(ii) Kakrapara nuclear power station.
(iii) Tarapur nuclear power station.
(iv) Kaiga nuclear power station.
(vi) Rawat Bhata nuclear power station.

Question. What efforts are required to use mineral resources in a planned and sustainable manner? Explain in three points.
Answer: Following efforts have to be made to use minerals in a planned and sustainable manner :
(i) Recycling of metals : We should recycle the metal or metal-made products to prevent its scarcity.
For example : Used steel blade should be sent for recycling, so that the steel can be used again for other purposes.
(ii) Improved technologies need to be evolved : Traditional technologies should be replaced with new and improve technologies, so that the wastages can be minimised.
(iii) Use of substitute or alternative resource : The resources which cannot be recycled or reused should be replaced with the recyclable resources. e.g. Use of green gas instead of coal for cooking purpose.

Question. ‘Consumption of energy in all forms has been rising all over the country. There is an urgent need to develop a sustainable path of energy development and energy saving’. Suggest and explain any three measures to solve this burning problem.
Answer: Energy is a basic requirement for economic development. The strategy of economic develop- ment that India adopted since independence required increasing amount of energy con- sumption. As a result, consumption of energy in all forms has been rising. To take care of this concern various measures that need to be adopted are as follows.
(i) We need to increase the use of renewable energy resources like solar, wind power, biogas, tidal energy and geothermal energy. This will decrease the dependence on non-renewable sources.
(ii) We have to adopt a cautious approach for judicious use of our limited energy resources. For example, as a concerned citizen we can use public transport system in place of individual vehicle.
(iii) Another measure that needs to be adopted is promotion of energy conservation, e.g., switching off electrical devices when not in use, using power saving devices etc.

Question. How is the mining activity injurious to the health of the miners and environment? Explain.
Answer: The mining activity is injurious to the health of the miners and environment as:
(a) The dust and toxic fumes can cause pulmonary disease to the miners.
(b) The roofs and walls of the mines have a risk of collapsing.
(c) Flooding or fire are a great risk in mines.
(d) The water bodies in the region get contaminated by mineral dust.
(e) Dumping of waste and slurry degrades the land.

Question. Why is conservation of minerals important? How can we conserve minerals?
Answer: Conservation of minerals is important for the following reasons.
(i) Minerals are exhaustible.
(ii) They are limited in availability.
(iii) Minerals have manifold uses.
(iv) Growth of industrialisation has accelerated the extraction of minerals.
We can conserve minerals by making an efficient use of them and using recyclable sources of energy wherever possible.

Question. “Natural gas is considered an environment friendly fuel.” Explain the statement in two points.
Answer: Natural gas is used as a source of energy as well as an industrial raw material.
(i) It can be transported easily through pipelines.
(ii) Pipelines have helped in setting up fertilizer plants and power plants on its way.
(iii) Natural gas is a clean source of energy. This is because it causes very less pollution.

Question. How is geo-thermal energy produced? Explain.
Answer: The Earth grows progressively hotter with increasing depth. Where the geothermal gradient is high, high temperatures are found at shallow depths. Groundwater in such areas absorbs heat from the rocks and becomes hot.
It is so hot that when it rises to the earth’s surface it turns into steam. This steam is used to drive turbines and generate electricity.

Question. How can biogas solve the energy problem mainly in rural India? Give your suggestions.
Answer: Biogas can solve energy problem :
(i) Availibitlity of raw material is not a problem.
(ii) Awareness to be created about biogas.
(iii) It will reduce the burden on conventional sources of energy.
(iv) Educate the rural people about the use of biogas.
(v) It is a renewable source of energy.
(vi) Eco-friendly.

Question. “There is a pressing need to use renewable energy resources.” Justify the statement with suitable arguments.
Answer: Need to use renewable energy resources are :
(i) The growing consumption of energy has resulted in the country becoming increasingly dependent on fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas.
(ii) Rising prices of oil and gas and their potential shortages have raised uncertainties about the security of energy supply in future.
(iii) Has serious repercussions on the growth of our country.
(iv) Hence, there is a pressing need to use renewable energy source like solar energy, wind, tide, biomass and energy from waste material.

Question. Describe any three non-conventional sources of energy.
Answer: Non-conventional sources of energy are :
(i) Solar Energy : India is a tropical country. It has enormous possibilities of trapping solar energy. Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into electricity. Solar energy is quickly becoming popular in rural and remote areas.
(ii) Wind Energy : India now ranks as a ‘wind super power’ in the world. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra and Lakshadweep have important wind farms. Nagericoil and Jaisalmer are well-known for effective use of wind energy in the country.

Question. Which are the potential sources of biogas? State any four benefits of biogas.
Answer: Potential sources of biogas are : Shrubs, farm wastes, animal human waste, etc.
Four benefits of biogas are :
(i) Its calorific value is high.
(ii) It burns without smoke, causing no pollution.
(iii) It is the cheapest gaseous fuel.
(iv) Its plants provide twin benefits to the farmer in the form of energy and improved quality of manure.

Question. “India is presently one of the least energy efficient countries in the world. We have to adopt cautious approaches for the judicious use of our limited energy resources.” Analyse this statements.
Answer: The statement is right to a great extent. Therefore, we need to adopt a cautious approach for the judicious use of energy resources. We should –
(i) Use public transport system.
(ii) Switch off electricity when not needed.
(iii) Use power saving devices.
(iv) Use non-conventional sources of energy.

Question. Why is energy required for all activities? How can energy by generated? Explain.
Answer: (i) Energy is a basic requirement for economic development.
(ii) Every sector of the national economy needs input of energy.
(iii) Consumption of energy in all forms has been steadily rising all over the country.
(iv) Rising prices of oil and gas and their potential shortage have raised uncertainities about the security of energy supply in future.
Energy can be generated from fuel minerals like coal, petroleum, natural gas, uranium and from electricity.

Question. Why is it necessary to conserve mineral resources? Explain any four ways to conserve mineral resources.
Answer: The various reasons for Conservation are –
(i) Strong dependence of industry and agriculture upon minerals.
(ii) Process of mineral formation is slow.
(iii) They are non-renewable.
Methods to conserve :
(i) Minerals should be used in a planned and sustainable manner.
(ii) Improved technology needs to be constantly evolved to allow use of low grade ore at low cost.
(iii) Recycling of minerals must be practiced.

Question. ‘Energy saved is energy produced.’ Assess the statement.
Answer: Energy is required for all activities in industries, agriculture, transport and domestic use. It implies that all these activities can take initiatives to conserve energy if we discipline ourselves.
To begin with, each one of us should be always ready and be vigilant to take note of wasteful use and correct it immediately. It may be as simple as putting off an electrical appliance when not in use. We should develop a mindset to use public transport system instead of individual vehicles. Electronic devices must be switched off when not in use.
We should use more and more power saving devices and at home we should plan to install solar panels to generate some electricity. When we do not use a particular quantity of electric power someone else use can it. In absolute sense power plants will need to produce that much less of power; which benefits the environment as that much less fossil fuel will have to be burnt.

Question. Why should we use renewable energy resource? Explain with arguments.
Answer: In the present circumstances particularly in India there is a pressing need to use renewable energy resources because :
1. Non-renewable resources are limited and will get exhausted in few decades, thus there is a need to use inexhaustible energy resources such as solar power, for sustainable development.
2. There has been a rapid depletion of non- renewable resources like coal, gasoline, petroleum that took millions of years to form. Thus, it makes immense sense to use renewable nonpolluting energy resources.
3. Fossil fuels like coal, petroleum products etc., create pollution which has resulted in environmental degradation making clean energy an urgent requirement.
4. Newer sources of fossil fuels are becoming more and more difficult to find hence they have become more expensive. Thus, it again points to adaptation to renewable energy sources like solar, geothermal wind energy etc.

Question. There is an urgent need to develop a sustainable path of energy development. Give two broad measures for it. As concerned citizens, how can you help to conserve energy?
Answer: Need to use renewable energy resources are :
(i) The growing consumption of energy has resulted in the country becoming increasingly dependent on fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas.
(ii) Rising prices of oil and gas and their potential shortages have raised uncertainties about the security of energy supply in future.
(iii) Has serious repercussions on the growth of our country.
(iv) Hence, there is a pressing need to use renewable energy source like solar energy, wind, tide, biomass and energy from waste material.

Question. Explain the importance of conservation of minerals. Highlight any three measures to conserve them.
Answer: Conservation of minerals is the need of the hour :
(i) Minerals are considered to be the backbone of the economy.
(ii) Industry largely depends on mineral deposits.
(iii) Total volume of workable mineral deposits is very less-only 1% of the earth’s crust.
(iv) Mineral resources are being consumed rapidly, and minerals deposits need millions of years to be created and concentrated.
(v) The geological process of mineral formation are so slow that the rates of replenishment are infinitely small in comparison to the present rates of consumption.
(vi) Mineral resources are finite and non- renewable.
(vii) The rich mineral deposits of our country are extremely valuable but shorts-lived possessions.

Question. Highlight the importance of petroleum. Explain the occurrence of petroleum in India.
Answer: Importance of Petroleum are as follows :
(i) Petroleum is the major energy source in India.
(ii) It provides fuel for heat and lighting.
(iii) It provides lubricant for machinery.
(iv) It provides raw material for a number of manufacturing industries.
(v) Petroleum refineries act as core industry for synthetic, textile, fertilizer and chemical industries.
Availability :
(i) Most of the petroleum reserves in India are associated with anticlines and fault traps.
(ii) In regions of folding anticline or domes, it occurs where oil is trapped in the crust of the upfold.
(iii) Petroleum is also found in fault traps between porous and non-porous rocks.

Question. How can solar energy solve the energy problem to some extent in India? Give your opinion.
Answer: (i) India is a tropical country, therefore it receives sunlight in abundance throughout in rural and remote areas.
(ii) Solar plant can be easily established in rural and remote areas.
(iii) It will minimise the dependence of rural household on firewood and dung cakes which in turn will contribute to environmental conservation and adequate quantity of manure.