Short Answer Type Questions
Question : Distinguish the service conditions of organised sector with that of unorganised sector.
or
Explain with suitable examples which part of the service sector is not growing in importance.
Answer : The service conditions of the organised and the unorganised sector are:
a. Service conditions of Organised sector:
1. These are the big units.
2. These units are registered with the government.
3. There are some formal processes and procedures in this sector. Therefore, it is called organised.
4. There is security of employment.
b. Service conditions of unorganised sector:
1. These are the small and scattered units,
2. These units are not registered with the government.
3. There are no formal processes and procedures in this sector. Therefore, it is called Unorganised.
4. There is no security of employment.
Question : What constitutes the unorganised sector in the urban areas? Why do workers in this area need protection?
Answer : Workers in small scale industry, casual workers in construction, trade and transport constitutes the unorganised sector in the urban areas.
Workers in unorganised sector of the urban areas need protection because
a. They are paid very low.
b. Their work is erratic and so the income.
Question : With the example of sugarcane, explain the interdependence of all the three sectors of the economy.
Answer : All the three sectors primary, secondary and tertiary are highly interdependent. They need the help of each other, without which none of the sectors would be able to complete its production or service.
For example: Cultivation of sugarcane comes under the primary sector. This cultivated sugarcane, is the raw material for sugar-making industries (comes pnder secondary sector]. Sugarcane is transported to the sugar mills with the help of vehicles which comes under the tertiary sector. Sugar made by sugar mills are further transported to various markets and sold by retailers and wholesalers using tertiary sector.
Question : Explain disguised unemployment with two examples, one from urban areas and other from rural areas.
Answer : When more than the required people are working in a field, is called disguised unemployment. In several areas, all the members of a family work in the same agricultural land (which is small and does not require so much members].
In urban areas, people like plumber, carpenter, painter are not able to find work on a daily basis and hence do the odd job.
Question : How did NREGA 2005 bring upliftment of the rural people? Explain.
Answer : Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act:
a. This act was passed in the year 2005.
b. According to this Act, 100 days of guaranteed employment is provided to all those who are able to work and are in need of work in the rural areas.
c. Unemployment allowance is provided to the workers if the government is not able to provide them work within 15 days.
d. This Act helps in providing income and livelihood to the people in the rural areas.
Question : Highlight the three factors responsible for the growth of service sector in the Indian economy.
Answer : Due to the following reasons, the tertiary sector is rising in importance in India:
a. Rise in the basic services provided by the government.
b. The development in the primary and secondary sectors has led to the development of the tertiary sector.
c. Due to the rise in income, people have started spending on the various kinds of services.
Question : Why does disguised employment not help in the productivity of the country? Explain with the help of an example.
Answer : In the disguised unemployment, extra people are working on the fields. They are not required for work.
All seems working. No one sits idle. They share the labour effort. They work less than their potential.
There is hidden unemployment. Underemployment is not just a feature of the primary sector. It can also be seen in the service sector such as people doing odd jobs like painters, plumbers etc.
The extra people working in these sectors does not help in increasing the production. Their presence or absence will not affect the total production.
For example: if a piece of land require only 8 people for completing the production but 10 people are engaged. The two people working are extra as they do not have any job opportunities outside. The land has a limit to produce. Engaging more people will not help in increasing the production from the land.
Question : What is unorganised sector? Describe the working procedure of this sector.
Answer : Unorganised sector are the small and scattered units.
These units are not registered with the government.
The working procedure of this sector are:
a. They do not follow the rules and regulations followed by the government.
b. There are no formal processes and procedures in this sector. Therefore, it is called Unorganised.
c. There is no security of employment.
d. There is no fixed working hours and workers are not paid for overtime.
e. There are no benefits like paid holidays, medical facilities, safe working environment, provident fund etc.
Long Answer Type Questions
Question : Give five reasons for the rising importance of the tertiary sector in production.
Answer : Five reasons for the rising importance of the tertiary sector in production are:
a. Rise in the basic services provided by the government.
b. The development in the primary and secondary sectors has led to the development of the tertiary sector.
c. Due to the rise in income people have started spending on the various kinds of services.
d. Due to the development of new kinds of services like IT sector services.
e. Due to the introduction of the new economic policy liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation, the trade expanded all over the world and the role of service sector became significant.
Question : What is GDP? Explain the process to calculate GDP.
Answer : GDP can be defined as the total value of all the final goods and services produced by the three different sectors in a country in a financial year.
GDP is a complex task. It is undertaken by the Central Government ministry after collecting all the data from the different states and the union territories.
31. In what ways can employment be increased in urban areas ?
Answer : Job opportunities can be increased in the urban areas through the following ways:
a. Government should invest in transportation and storage.
b. Government should provide loan to the people for starting their own business at reasonable rate of interest.
c. Opportunities for new industries should be identified, located and promoted in the small towns.
d. Opening of the services like the cold storages.
e. Jobs can be created in the field of education, health and tourism sector.
f. Jobs can be created by launching the various government schemes.