CBSE Class 10 Social Science Life Lines of National Economy Assignment Set B

Question. National Waterway No. 1 is navigable between which of the following places?
(a) Sadiya and Dhubri
(b) Allahabad and Haldia
(c) Udyogamandal and Champakkara
(d) Kottapuram and Komman

Answer: B

Question. Which one of the following ports is the biggest with a spacious natural and well sheltered harbour?
(a) Kolkata
(b) Chennai
(c) Mumbai
(d) Vishakhapatnam

Answer: C

Question. Which one of the following groups of terminal stations is connected with National Highway No. 78?
(a) Delhi and Kolkata
(b) Delhi and Amritsar
(c) Delhi and Chennai
(d) Varanasi and Kanyakumari

Answer: C

Very Short Answer Type Question

Question. Name the river related to National Waterways No. 2.
Answer: The Brahmaputra river between Sadiya and Dhubri (891 km)

Question. What is a new arrival on the transportation map of India?
Answer: Pipeline transportation network. It transports gas, liquids and solids in slurry form.

Question. What is the major objective to develop super highways?
Answer: The major objective behind developing super- highways is to reduce distance and time taken to travel between the large cities of India

Question. Why was Jawaharlala Nehru port developed?
Answer: JLN port was developed with the aim to de- congest the Mumbai port and serve as a hub to this region.

Question. Why was the Haldia seaport set-up?
Answer: Haldia seaport was set-up, as a subsidiary port to reduce the load of Kolkata port.

Question. Name the river which is related to National Waterways No. 1.
Answer: The Ganga river between Allahabad and Haldia (1620 km)

Question. Name the state related to National Waterways No. 3.
Answer: Kerala

Question. What is meant by international trade? State any one feature of India’s international trade.
Answer: (i) Trade between two countries is called international trade.
(ii) One of the important features of international trade of India is information technology.

Short Answer Type Question

Question. What is pipeline transportation? Write two merits and demerits of the same.
Answer: Pipeline transport network is the new mode of transport these days. In the past, pipelines were used to transport water to cities and industries. Now, these are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil and natural gas fields to refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal power plants. Solids can also be transported as slurry.
Merits :
(i) Useful in transporting gas, liquids and solid slurry from far away location.
(ii) Subsequent running costs after laying down the network are minimal.
(iii) It rules out trans-shipment losses or delays.
Demerits :
(i) Initial cost of laying pipelines is high.
(ii) Pipelines can burst or can have leakage leading to wastage of valuable resource like water mineral oil, etc.

Question. Describe the rural roads in India.
Answer: (i) Rural roads link rural areas and villages with important towns.
(ii) These roads received special impetus under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojna.
(iii) Special provisions are made so that every village in the country is linked to a major town in the country by an all season motorable road.

Question. Describe any three features of waterways in India.
Answer: Features of water ways in India are :
(i) India has been one of the seafaring countries. (ii) Seamen sailed far and near; carrying and spreading Indian commerce and culture.
(iii) Waterways are the cheapest means of transport.
(iv) They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distance.
(v) It is fuel-efficient and environment friendly mode of transport.

Question. What are Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways? Mention any two objectives of this project. The North-South and East-West Corridors join which terminal cities.
Answer: (i) The Golden Quadrilateral Super Highway is a major road development project linking Delhi
– Kolkata – Chennai – Mumbai and Delhi by six lane super highways.
(ii) The two major objectives of these Super Highways projects are to
(a) reduce the time, and
(b) Distance between the mega cities of India.
(iii) The North-South Corridors linking Srinagar (Jammu and Kashmir) and Kanayakumari (Tamil Nadu) and East-West Corridor connecting Silchar (Assam) and Porbander (Gujarat).

Question. Explain any four advantages of pipeline transportation.
Answer: Pipeline transport network is the new mode of transport these days. In the past, pipelines were used to transport water to cities and industries. Now, these are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil and natural gas fields to refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal power plants. Solids can also be transported as slurry.
Merits :
(i) Useful in transporting gas, liquids and solid slurry from far away location.
(ii) Subsequent running costs after laying down the network are minimal.
(iii) It rules out trans-shipment losses or delays.
Demerits :
(i) Initial cost of laying pipelines is high.
(ii) Pipelines can burst or can have leakage leading to wastage of valuable resource like water mineral oil, etc.

Question. Highlight any five features of Hazira-Vijaipur- Jagdishpur gas pipeline.
Answer: (i) This pipeline is about 1700 km. long.
(ii) Hazira-Jaipur-Jagdishpur cross country gas pipeline links Mumbai High and Bassien with the fertilizer, power and industrial complexes in western and northern India.
(iii) This artery has provided an impetus to India’s gas production.
(iv) The power and fertilizer industries are the key users of natural gas.
(v) Use of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) for vehicles to replace liquid fuels is gaining wide popularity in the country.

Question. How do modern means of transport serve as lifelines of our nation? Explain.
Answer: Transport is the basic arterles of nation’s economy because :
(i) Economic development of a region or a country very largely depends upon the dense network of transport and communication.
(ii) They link areas of production with consumption, agriculture with industry and village with towns and cities.
(iii) They help the industry by transporting raw materials and distribution of finished good.

Question. Describe any three factors that accord prominence to airways as a mode of transportation.
Answer: Following are the factors that accord prominence to airways as a mode of transportation:
(i) They are the fastest mode of transportation.
(ii) They are the best means of transport for remote, inaccessible and hostile areas.
(iii) Airways play a vital role in the event of natural and human-made calamities like floods, famines, earthquake, epidemics and war by virtue of their swiftness.

Question. Why are metalled roads better than unmetalled roads? What is the role of border roads and national highways in transportation?
Answer: Metalled roads are made of either cement, concrete or bitumen of coal therefore, these are durable over unmetalled road. Unmetalled roads go out of use in rainy season.
Border roads plays an important role in connecting strategically important difficult areas in the Indian boarders and helps in the economic development of the area. National Highways are the primary road system which links extreme parts of the country.

Question. Mention any four merits and any two demerits of air transport.
Answer: Merits of air transport are:
(i) It is the fastest, most comfortable and prestigious mode of transport.
(ii) It can cover very difficult surface terrains with great ease.
(iii) It makes access to far-flung and remote or otherwise inaccessible areas easier and quicker.
(iv) It provides transport services to offshore oil and gas exploration activities.
Demerits of air transport are :
(i) It is a relatively costly means of transportation. (ii) Places not having airports or helipads cannot be reached.

Question. Explain the improvements made by the Indian railways in its functioning.
Answer: (i) Conversion of meter gauge to broad gauge.
(ii) Steam engines have been replaced by diesel and electric engines. This has increased the speed and haulage capacity.
(iii) The replacement of steam engine run by coal has improved the environment of stations and its surroundings.
(iv) Railways routes have been extended to areas were there was no railway lines earlier.

Question. Explain any three major problems faced by Indian Railways.
Answer: The following problems are faced by the railways:
(i) Travelling without ticket.
(ii) Thefts and damaging railway property.
(iii) Stopping of trains without any emergency on necessity in unauthorised way.
(iv) Railways also face challenges in constructing and maintaining railway tracks in mountains, sandy plains, and swampy areas.

Question. “Indian Railways binds the economic life of the country as well as accelerates the development of industry and agriculture.” Justify the statement.
Answer: Railways are the most important mode of transport in India due to the following reasons:
(i) Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India, as they link different parts of the country.
(ii) They carry huge loads and bulky goods to long distances.
(iii) Railways make it possible to conduct multifarious activities like business, sightseeing, pilgrimage along with goods transportation over longer distance.
(iv) Railways have been a great integrating force for the nation for more than 150 years.
(v) They have accelerated the development of the industry and agriculture.

Question. Describe any five major problems faced by road transport in India.
Answer: Five problems faced by road transport in
India are given below :
(i) Volume of traffic and passengers is very large. (ii) Road network is inadequate.
(iii) Half the roads are unmetalled, which limits their usage in rainy seasons.
(iv) National highways too are inadequate and congested.
(v) Roadways are highly congested in cities and most bridges and culverts are old and narrow.

Question. Classify roads into six classes according to their capacity. What is the role of National Highways Authority of India?
Answer: Roads are classified as given below :
(i) Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways- reduce the time and distance between the mega cities of India.
(ii) National Highways-connect the state capitals, big cities and important ports.
(iii) State Highways-join the state capitals with district headquarters.
(iv) District Roads-connect the district centres with the major roads.
(v) Other Rural Roads-link rural areas and villages with towns.
(vi) Border Roads-have increased accessibility in areas of difficult terrain along the country’s border. Projects related to super highways are being implemented by the NHAI.

Question. Explain the importance of air transport in India giving four points.
Answer: Merits of air transport are :
(i) It is the most comfortable mode of transport. (ii) It is the fastest mode of transport.
(iii) It is the prestigious mode of transport.
(iv) It can cover very difficult terrains like high mountain and dreary deserts.
(v) Dense forests and oceans are not problems for air transport. It covers them with great ease.

Question. How do means of transport and communication play an important role in the economic development of the country? Explain.
Answer: Transport and communication are the basic arteries of a nation’s economy because :
(i) Economic development of a region or a country very largely depends upon the dense network of transport and communication.
(ii) They link areas of production with consumption, agriculture with industry and village with towns and cities.
(iii) They help the industry by transporting raw materials and distribution of finished goods.

Question. “Information and communication technology has played a major role in spreading out products and services across countries.” Support the statement.
Answer: Rapid improvement in information technology has stimulated the spread of products and services.
(i) Remarkable developments in information and communication technology helps to spread the information about products among a large section of the population, which facilitates business very quickly.
(ii) Telecommunication and mobile telephony are used to contact one another around the world, to access information instantly, and to communicate from remote areas. The network is also used to transmit large amounts of data.
(iii) Through the Internet, one can obtain and share information on almost anything. It also allows to send e-mail and talk across the world at negligible cost. It has also opened up online trade and retailing.

Question. What is the difference between personal communication and mass communication? State any two points of importance of mass communication.
Answer: Personal communication means a communication between two persons either through oral, letter or through telephone, etc, while mass communication includes the use of radio, television, press, films, etc, for wider public audience.
The two points of importance of mass communication are :
(i) provides entertainment to a large audience
(ii) creates awareness among people about various national programmes and policies very quickly.

Question. Explain the ways in which tourism promotes the related industries and services of the destination-country.
Answer: The industries closely linked with tourism is handicraft industry, sculpture, sea-shell, regional handloom, etc. Indian handicraft and handloom in particular hold special attraction for the western tourists. Hospitality in services sectors is benefitted immensely by tourism.
The transportation services reap the benefits of tourism. Over 10 million foreign tourists visit India every years. For example, tourism contributed $230 billion to the Indian exchequer in year 2017 and generated employment for over 41 million people in the tourism industry (2017).

Question. Define the following terms : (i) Trade (ii) International Trade (iii) Favourable Balance of Trade (iv) Unfavourable Balance of Trade.
Answer: (i) The exchanges of goods among people, states and countries is referred to as trade.
(ii) Trade between two counties is called international trade.
(iii) When the value of export exceeds the value of imports, it is called a favourable balance of trade.
(iv) When the value of imports exceeds the value of exports, it is termed as unfavourable balance of trade.

Question. Describe any five benefits of tourism in India.
Answer: Tourism is very important for the Indian economy :
(a) According to the World Travel and Tourism Council tourism generated US$230 billion or 9.4% of the nation’s GDP in 2017 and supported 41.622 million jobs, 8% of its total employment. Over 10 million foreign tourists arrived in India in 2017. Domestic tourist visits to all states and Union Territories (domestic tourism) numbered 1,036.35 million (in 2012).
(b) Tourism also promotes national integration, provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits.
(c) It also helps in the development of international understanding about our culture and heritage. Foreign tourists visit India for heritage tourism, eco-tourism, adventure tourism, cultural tourism, medical tourism and business tourism.
(d) The various industries that benefit from tourism are handicraft industry, sculpture, sea-shell, regional handloom etc.
(e) Hospitality is another sector that benefits tremendously from tourism. So does the transport sector including air, railways and road transport.

Question. Define the term ‘Tourism.’ Why is tourism known as a trade? Explain.
Answer: (i) Tourism : “The cultural, recreational and commercial visit to different places is known as Tourism.” It is called trade because it provides huge income to the country and employment to people.
The industries closely linked with tourism is handicraft industry, sculpture, sea-shell, regional handloom, etc. Indian handicraft and handloom in particular hold special attraction for the western tourists. Hospitality in services sectors is benefitted immensely by tourism.
The transportation services reap the benefits of tourism. Over 10 million foreign tourists visit India every years. For example, tourism contributed
$230 billion to the Indian exchequer in year 2017 and generated employment for over 41 million people in the tourism industry (2017).

Question. “Advancement of international trade of a country is an index to its prosperity.” Support the statement with suitable examples.
Answer: (i) No country in the world is self-sufficient in all its needs. Goods produced by one country are required by the other country and vice- versa. Hence, difference in resources, needs and development among nation creates conditions for international trade between them.
(ii) It helps in exchange of surplus goods with those of deficit countries through foreign trade.
(iii) Foreign trade has helped India’s economic growth, raising income levels of people thus, increasing the foreign exchange reserves.
(iv) International trade helps to import advanced technology of other countries to improve its own production.
(v) Thus, prosperity of a country depends on the advancement of the international trade and hence, it is called the ‘economic barometer’ of a nation.

Question. What is mass communication? What are the different means of mass communication? What is the significance of mass communication in a country like India?
Answer: Mass communication : It covers large number of people at the same time. Different means of mass communication are radio, television, films, internet, newspapers and magazines.
Significance of mass communication are :
(i) Covers more than 95% of India’s total population
(ii) Provides education and entertainment (iii) Most instant means of mass information (iv) Brings all classes of people together

Question. Why is air travel more popular in the North- Eastern states of India? Explain.
Answer: Air transport is considered as an important means of transport in the North-Eastern part of our country because :
(i) Big rivers : Presence of big rivers like Brahmaputra make it difficult to construct roads and railways. Airways are suitable when rivers get flooded.
(ii) Dissected relief : Uneven surface-not suitable for the construction of roadways and railway-are costly and can be travelled by airways.
(iii) Dense forests : Dense forests hamper the construction of roadways and railways.
(iv) International frontiers : International borders of Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, etc, can be easily travelled by airways without much hassles.

Question. What is the significance of ‘Border Roads’? Explain.
Answer: (i) Border Road Organization was established in 1960.
(ii) This organization develops the roads of strategic importance in the North and the North East border areas.
(iii) These roads have improved accessibility in areas of difficult terrain.
(iv) These roads have enabled the economy to develop in the border areas.

Question. Elaborate any two important networks of pipeline transportation in India along with their branches.
Answer: (i) Commodities transported by pipelines : Crude oil, petroleum products, natural gas and even solids in the form of slurry.
(ii) Network
(a) From upper Assam to Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh), via Guwahati, Barauni and Allahabad. It has branches from Barauni to Haldia via Rajbandh, Rajbandh to Maurigram and Guwahati to Siliguri.
(b) From Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar in Punjab via Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi and Sonipat. It has branches to connect Koyali (near Vododara, Gujarat) Chakshu and other places.

Question. Name the longest National Waterway of India. Write any three points of importance of waterways.
Answer: The longest National Waterway of India in the Ganga river between Allahabad and Haldia. Importance of waterways:
(i) It is most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods.
(ii) It is a fuel efficient and environment friendly mode of transport.
(iii) More than 95% of the country’s trade volume is moved by the sea.
(iv) It is the cheapest means of transport.
(v) They are the natural routes, which do not involve cost of construction.

Question. Explain any five characteristics of Kandla Seaport. Communication
Answer: Characteristics of Kandla sea port :
(i) It was the first port developed soon after India got independence.
(ii) It reduced the volume of traffic of Mumbai port.
(iii) It is a tidal port.
(iv) Caters to exports and imports of highly productive granery and industrialised states.
(v) It ia a free trade zone.

Question. Why is a dense and efficient network of transport and communication a prerequisite for the development of local, national and global trade of today? Give your opinion.
Answer: Dense and efficient network of transport and communication are necessary for development.
(i) We use different material and services. Only some of these are available near us while other requirements are met by bringing them from other places. Movement of these goods and services need communication and transport.
(ii) Today, the world has become small with the help of efficient and fast moving transport.
(iii) We have been able to achieve this with the help of well developed communication system.
(iv) Therefore transport and communication are complementary to each other and are needed for trade.
(v) Today India is well linked with the rest of the world despite its vast size diversity, linguistic and socio-cultural diversity.

Question. Describe the significance of tourism as a trade in India.
Answer: Significance of tourism as a trade in India.
(i) Tourism in India has grown substantially over the last three decades.
(ii) Foreign tourists arrival has witnessed an increase thus, contributing to foreign exchange. (iii) Over 41 million people are directly engaged in the tourism industry.
(iv) It provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits.
(v) Domestic tourism also promotes national integration.
(vi) It helps in development of international understanding about our culture and heritage.
(vii) Foreign tourists visit India for heritage tourism eco-tourism, adventure tourism, cultural tourism, medical and business tourism.

Question. Explain with example of the changing nature of international trade of India in the last fifteen years.
Answer: There has been a change in the nature of our international trade :
(i) Since 2004-2008, the share of agriculture and allied products, ores and minerals, chemical engineering goods has been increasing in international trade.
(ii) Exchange of commodities and goods have been superseded by the exchange of information and knowledge.
(iii) India has emerged as a software giant at international level.
(iv) India is earning large foreign exchange through the use of information technology.
(v) Imports : Commodities imports include petroleum and petroleum products and high quality coal.

Long Short Answer Type Question

Question. “Roadways still have an edge over railways in India.” Support the statement with examples.
Answer: Roadways still have an edge over the railways. This is evident for the following reasons:
(a) Construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines and construction time is also comparatively less.
(b) Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography which is a limitation in case of railways.
(c) Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such can traverse mountains like the Himalayas, whereas the mountainous regions are unfavorable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief. Similarly it is difficult to lay railway lines on the sandy plains in the deserts, swampy or forested tracks.
(d) Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances, whereas railways are suitable for transportation of large number of people and goods in bulk, especially over long distances.
(e) Roadways provide the “last mile connectivity” forming the door to door service, thus the cost of loading and unloading is much lower.
(f) Road transport is the idea to feeder mode of transport to other modes of transport such as they provide a link between railway stations, air and seaports.

Question. “Roadways still have an edge over railways in India.” Support the statement with arguments.
Answer: Roadways v/s Railways:
(i) Construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines and construction time is also comparatively less.
(ii) Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography, which is a limitation in case of railways.
(iii) Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such can traverse mountains like the Himalayas, whereas the mountainous regions are unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities. Likewise, it is difficult to lay railway line on the sandy plains in the deserts, swampy or forested tracks.
(iv) Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distance, whereas railways are suitable for transportation of large number of people and goods in bulk, especially over long distances.
(v) Roadways provide door-to-door service, thus the cost of loading and unloading is much lower. Railways have not reached everywhere, there are places which are yet to be connected with the railways.
(vi) Road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transport, such as they provide a link between railway stations, air and seaports. On the other hand, railways work as a lifeline for the economic growth of a country as they carry raw materials and produce goods from one part of the nation to another on a large scale.

Question. Explain with examples the condition responsible for uneven distribution pattern of the railways network in India.
Answer: The distribution pattern of the Railway network :
(i) The northern plains with their vast level land, high population density and rich agricultural resources provided the most favourable condition for then growth of railways.
(ii) In the hilly terrains of the peninsular region, railway tracks are laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels.
(iii) The Himalayan mountainous regions are unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities.
(iv) It was difficult to lay railway line on the sandy plain of western Rajasthan, swamps of Gujarat, forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Jharkhand.
(v) The stretch of Sahyadri mountains could be crossed only though gaps or passes (Ghats). Development of railways in these areas have been difficult and so it in sparse.
(vi) The development of the Konkan railway along passengers and goods.

Question. What is trade? Explain the importance of international trade?
Answer: (i) The exchanges of goods among people, states and countries is referred to as trade.
(ii) Trade between two counties is called international trade.
(iii) When the value of export exceeds the value of imports, it is called a favourable balance of trade. (iv) When the value of imports exceeds the value of exports, it is termed as unfavourable balance of Trade.
Importance :
(i) International trade of a country is an index to its economic prosperity.
(ii) It is considered as the economic barometer for a country.
(iii) As the resources are space bound, no country can survive without international trade.
(iv) Countries have trade relations with the major trading blocks.
(v) In the present times exchange of commodities and goods have been superseded by the exchange of information and knowledge.

Question. “Road transport and Rail transport in India are not competitive but complementary to each other.” Justify the statement.
Answer: Road Transport and Rail Transport :
The statement ‘Road transport’ and ‘Rail transport’ in India are not competitive but complementary to each other is justified in the following ways:
(i) Road transport is more suitable for short distances whereas rail transport is more suitable for long distance travel.
(ii) Road transport is economical in transportation of few people and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances, whereas rail transport is more suitable for large number of people and heavy goods.
(iii) It is beneficial for perishable goods to be carried by road in short period of time, whereas non-perishable and bulky goods are transported by railways for a longer distances.
(iv) Road transport increases the efficiency of railways.
(v) Road transport links the rural areas with railway stations.
(vi) The deficiency of railways is compensated by road transport and vice versa.

Question. Explain the importance of railways as the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India.
Answer: (i) It facilitates regular and efficient long distance travel and transportation of bulky goods which are not easily transported through motor vehicles.
(ii) It helps in the industrialization process of a country by easy transportation of coal and raw- materials efficiently and at a cheaper rate.
(iii) It helps in the quick movement of goods from one place to another at the time of emergencies like famines and scarcity.
(iv) It encourages mobility of labor and thereby provides a great scope for employment.
(v) Railway is the safest form of transport. The chances of accidents and breakdown of railways are minimum as compared to other modes of transport. Moreover, the traffic can be protected from the exposure to sun, rain snow, etc.
(vi) The carrying capacity of the railways is extremely large. Moreover, its capacity is elastic which can easily be increased by adding more wagons.
(vii) It is the largest public sector undertaking in the country. Railways perform many public utility services. Their charges are based on charge what the traffic can bear principles which helps the poor.

Question. Elaborate any three advantage of railways in India.
Answer: (i) It facilitates regular and efficient long distance travel and transportation of bulky goods which are not easily transported through motor vehicles.
(ii) It helps in the industrialization process of a country by easy transportation of coal and raw- materials efficiently and at a cheaper rate.
(iii) It helps in the quick movement of goods from one place to another at the time of emergencies like famines and scarcity.
(iv) It encourages mobility of labor and thereby provides a great scope for employment.
(v) Railway is the safest form of transport. The chances of accidents and breakdown of railways are minimum as compared to other modes of transport. Moreover, the traffic can be protected from the exposure to sun, rain snow, etc.
(vi) The carrying capacity of the railways is extremely large. Moreover, its capacity is elastic which can easily be increased by adding more wagons.
(vii) It is the largest public sector undertaking in the country. Railways perform many public utility services. Their charges are based on charge what the traffic can bear principles which helps the poor.

Question. Analyse the physiographic and economic factors that have influenced the distribution pattern of the railway network in our country.
Answer: The distribution pattern of the Railway network :
(i) The northern plains with their vast level land, high population density and rich agricultural resources provided the most favourable condition for then growth of railways.
(ii) In the hilly terrains of the peninsular region, railway tracks are laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels.
(iii) The Himalayan mountainous regions are unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities.
(iv) It was difficult to lay railway line on the sandy plain of western Rajasthan, swamps of Gujarat, forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Jharkhand.
(v) The stretch of Sahyadri mountains could be crossed only though gaps or passes (Ghats). Development of railways in these areas have been difficult and so it in sparse.
(vi) The development of the Konkan railway along passengers and goods.

Question. “Dense and efficient network of transport is a pre-requisite for local and national development”. Analyse the statement.
Answer: We need various things to sustain our lives in the form of goods, services and support systems. The same applies to all occupational activities. Each of the requirements cannot be in the close vicinity of our place of living.
We need to move the goods and services from the supply localities to the demand localities and this is done by the transportation system. We also need efficient transportation for people to reach their places of work, play and learning efficiently. All these activities, which are integral in the economic growth of the local population and the country as a whole is greatly dependent on the transport sector. Thus a dense and efficient network of trans- portation is a prerequisite for local and national development. Examples are –
(i) fast and efficiently moving transport is required for traded items to reach their destinations on time, otherwise business will suffer.
(ii) Transport is required to carry raw materials to production centers.
(iii) From manufacturing hubs to markets particularly for perishable goods.
(iv) Movement of people is also very important for trade and business.

Question. “Efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for the fast development.” Express your views in favour of this statement.
Answer: We need various things to sustain our lives in the form of goods, services and support systems. The same applies to all occupational activities. Each of the requirements cannot be in the close vicinity of our place of living.
We need to move the goods and services from the supply localities to the demand localities and this is done by the transportation system. We also need efficient transportation for people to reach their places of work, play and learning efficiently. All these activities, which are integral in the economic growth of the local population and the country as a whole is greatly dependent on the transport sector. Thus a dense and efficient network of trans- portation is a prerequisite for local and national development. Examples are –
(i) fast and efficiently moving transport is required for traded items to reach their destinations on time, otherwise business will suffer.
(ii) Transport is required to carry raw materials to production centers.
(iii) From manufacturing hubs to markets particularly for perishable goods.
(iv) Movement of people is also very important for trade and business.

Question. Examine with example the role of means of transport and communication in making our life prosperous and comfortable.
Answer: We need various things to sustain our lives in the form of goods, services and support systems. The same applies to all occupational activities. Each of the requirements cannot be in the close vicinity of our place of living.
We need to move the goods and services from the supply localities to the demand localities and this is done by the transportation system. We also need efficient transportation for people to reach their places of work, play and learning efficiently. All these activities, which are integral in the economic growth of the local population and the country as a whole is greatly dependent on the transport sector. Thus a dense and efficient network of trans- portation is a prerequisite for local and national development. Examples are –
(i) fast and efficiently moving transport is required for traded items to reach their destinations on time, otherwise business will suffer.
(ii) Transport is required to carry raw materials to production centers.
(iii) From manufacturing hubs to markets particularly for perishable goods.
(iv) Movement of people is also very important for trade and business.

Question. Classify communication services into two categories. Explain main features of each.
Answer: Communication services can be classified in two categories :
(i) Personal communication :
(a) Communication between two or more persons at personal level is personal communication.
(b) The India postal network handles parcels as well as personal written communication.
(c) Cards and envelops, posts and telegraph and email are examples.
(d) Telephone services like STD, ISD provide easy and comfortable network to a large number of people that facilitates personal communication. (ii) Mass communication :
(a) It is the communication through, which one can communicate with several people at the same time.
(b) It provides the entertainment (movies) and creates awareness among people about various national programmes and policies very quickly.
(c) It includes print media like newpapers, magazines, book, etc. and electronic media like radio, television, Etc.