1.Per capita consumption of which energy is considered as an index of development?
Ans- Per capita consumption of electricity is considered as an index of development.
2.Name the type of electricity generated by burning fossil fuels.
Ans- The electricity generated by burning fossil fuels is called thermal electricity.
3.Which mineral is found in the Monazite sands?
Ans- Thorium is found in Monazite sands.
4.In which state is the largest wind farm cluster located?
Ans- The largest wind farm cluster is located in Tamil Nadu.
5.What do you mean by Geothermal Energy?
Ans- It is the heat and electricity produced by using the heat from the interior of the earth.
6.Which non-conventional source of energy is harnessed in the Parvati valley near Manikarn in Himachal Pradesh?
Ans- Geothermal Energy is harnessed in the Parvati valley near Manikarn in Himachal Pradesh.
7.Give two examples of non-metallic minerals.
Ans- Two examples of non-metallic minerals are limestone, nitrate, potash, mica, gypsum,coal, petroleum. (any two)
8.Which mineral is indispensable for electric and electronic industries?
Ans- Mica is indispensable for electric and electronic industries.
9.Name the type of coal mining carried on in Meghalaya.
Ans- Coal mining in Meghalaya (Cherapunjee) is done by family members in the form of a long narrow tunnel known as ‘Rat hole’ mining.
10.Where is an experimental geothermal energy project located in India?
Ans- An experimental geo-thermal energy project is located in the Puga valley, Ladakh.
11.In which sector are the manufacturing industries placed?
Ans- Manufacturing industries are placed in the secondary sector.
12.Name two industries belonging to the category of heavy industries.
Ans- Shipbuilding and iron and steel industries.
13.Which factor is considered as the most prominent one in the industrial location in a region?
Ans- Availability of raw materials is considered the most prominent factor in the industrial location in a region.
14.Name the main advantages provided by cities to industries.
Ans- Market and services are the main advantages provided by cities to industries.
15.When will India be in a position to compete in the international market?
Ans- India will be in a position to compete in the international market when our industry become more efficient and competitive and will improve quality of goods.
16.Which advantage is provided by agglomeration cities to industries?
Ans- The advantage provided by agglomeration cities to industries is that of a market and services.
17.What are agglomeration economies?
Ans- Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres. This is known as agglomeration economies.
18.Which factors influence the location of an industry?
Ans- Cost, government policies and specialized labour influence the location of industry.
19.On what basis are the small scale and large scale industries classified?
Ans- Small scale and large scale industries are classified on the basis of capital investment.
20.Give an example of a small scale industry.
Ans- Soap making or manufacturing sewing machines are examples of small scale industries.
21.Oil India Limited (OIL) belongs to which type of industry?
Ans- Oil India Limited belongs to the Joint sector industries.
22.To which sector does the textile industry belong to?
Ans- The textile industry is an example of the agro-based industry.
23.Which techniques of cotton textile production came into use after the 18th century?
Ans- The powerloom technique of cotton textile production came into use after the 18th century.
24.Where was the first successful textile mill established in India?
Ans- The first successful textile mill was established in Mumbai in India.
25.Which groups of states have the largest number of cotton textile centres?
Ans- Gujarat and Maharashtra have the largest number of cotton textile centres.
26.Which country has the largest installed capacity of spindles in the world?
Ans- China has the largest installed capacity of spindles in the world.
27.In which states are the majority of sugar mills concentrated?
Ans- The majority of sugar mills are concentrated in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
28.Which industry, due to its seasonal nature, is ideally suited to the cooperative sector?
Ans- The sugar industry, due to its seasonal nature, is ideally suited to the cooperative sector.
29.Which steel plant is located in Chhattisgarh?
Ans- The Bhilai Steel plant is located in Chhattisgarh.
30.What is the effect of liberalization and foreign direct investment on the iron and steel industry of India?
Ans- Liberalization and foreign direct investment has led to a boost in the iron and steel industry in India.
31.From which mineral is aluminium obtained?
Ans- Aluminium is obtained from Bauxite.
32.What are the two prime factors for the location of the aluminium smelting plant?
Ans- Raw material and electricity are the two prime factors for the location of the aluminium smelting plant.
33.Name one inorganic chemical.
Ans- Sulphuric acid is an inorganic chemical.
34.Which inorganic chemical is used for the making of glass, soaps, detergents and paper?
Ans- Soda ash is used for the making of glass, soaps, detergents and paper.
35.Name the industry which is the largest consumer of chemicals.
Ans- The chemical industry is its own largest consumer.
36.What led to the expansion of the fertilizer industry in India?
Ans- The introduction of the Green Revolution led to the expansion of the fertilizer industry in India.
37.Which city has become the centre of the automobile industry?
Ans- Gurgaon is the city around which the automobile industry is located.
38.Which city is known as the electronic capital of India?
Ans- Bengaluru is known as the electronic capital of India.
39.Which industry has been a major foreign exchange earner in the last few years?
Ans- Information Technology has been the major foreign exchange earner in the last few years.
40.State one negative effect of industrialization.
Ans- Pollution is one of the negative effects of industrialization.
41.What benefits do we get from exporting manufactured goods?
Ans- Benefits we get from exporting manufactured goods are expansion of trade and commerce and earning foreign exchange.
42.Which public sector plant in India is located near a port?
Ans- The Vishakhapatnam steel plant is located near a port.
43.What is the criteria used to measure the strength of a country?
Ans- The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries.
44.How can industrialization assist in bringing in foreign exchange?
Ans- Industrialization assists in bringing foreign exchange through the export of manufactured goods.
45.Why is the Steel Authority of India said to be a public sector undertaking?
Ans- The Steel Authority of India is a public sector industry because it is owned and operated by government agencies.
46.Where was the first cement plant set up in India?
Ans- The first cement plant was set up in Chennai in 1904.
47.In which continent is Belgium?
Ans- Belgium is in Europe.
48.Name the countries with which Belgium shares its boundaries.
Ans- Belgium shares its boundaries with France, Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.
49.What does the word ‘ethnic’ signify?
The word ethnic signifies a social division based on shared culture.
50.Where does the majority of population of Belgium live?
The majority of population of Belgium lives in the Flemish region.
51.Which language is spoken by the majority of population in Brussels, the capital city of Belgium?
Ans- The majority of population in Brussels (80%), the capital city of Belgium, speaks French language.
52.In Sri Lanka, the policies of the government sought to ensure the dominance of which language speaking people?
Ans- In Sri Lanka, the policies of the government under the Act of 1956 sought to ensure the dominance of Sinhala speaking.
53.What does the term majoritarianism signify?
Ans- The term majoritarianism signifies a belief that the majority community should rule a country.
54.What is the religion of Sri Lanka?
Ans- Buddhism is the religion of Sri Lanka.
55.Which major social groups of Sri Lanka constituted the largest share in population?
Or
After independence, Sri Lanka witnessed the supremacy of which community?
Ans- Sinhalas constituted the largest share in population in Sri Lanka.
56.How many times did Belgium amend its constitution regarding power sharing?
Ans- Belgium amended its constitution four times between 1970 and 1993.
57.Name the third level government of Belgium.
Ans- The third level government of Belgium is known as the Community Government.
58.Which city was chosen as the headquarters of the European Union?
Ans- Brussels was chosen as the headquarters of the European Union.
59.What does the horizontal power sharing signify?
Ans- Horizontal power sharing signifies power shared among various organs of the government like legislature, executive and judiciary.
60.Give the meaning of coalition government.
Ans- A government formed by the coming together of two or more political parties is called coalition government.
61.In which form of power sharing, power is shared at different levels of government?
Ans- Power is shared at different levels of government in vertical form of power sharing.
62.What is separation of power?
Ans- The separation of power is the power sharing among the different organs of government with their specific jurisdiction.
63.What does the federal division of power imply?
Ans- The term federal division implies power sharing at different levels of government.
64.What is the proportion of Tamils in Sri Lanka’s total population?
Ans- The proportion of Tamils in Sri Lanka is 18 per cent out of which Sri Lankan Tamils constitute 13 per cent of the population and Indian Tamils constitute 5 per cent of the population.
65.What do you mean by checks and balances?
Ans- Checks and Balances is a system in which each organ of the government keeps a check on the others which results in a balance of power among various institutions. It ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power.
66.Define coalition government.
Ans- The Coalition Government implies a government of two or more parties. When the alliance of two or more parties gets elected and forms a government it is known as the coalition government. This is another form of power sharing.
67.Name the government having two or more levels of government.
Ans- Federal government has two or more levels of government.
68.What does the ‘coming together’ involve?
Ans- The ‘coming together’ involves independent states come together on their own to form bigger unit where the constituent states have equal powers.
69.Name the countries having ‘coming together’ federation and ‘holding together’ federation.
Ans- Countries having ‘coming together’ federation are – USA, Switzerland, Australia.
Countries having ‘holding together’ federation are – India, Spain, Belgium.
70.How can the fundamental provisions of the Indian constitution be changed?
Ans- The fundamental provisions of the Indian constitution can be changed in a bilateral way wherein the consent of both the levels of government is required.
71.Why have the subjects like defence, foreign affairs, banking, etc. been included in the Union List?
Ans- Defence, foreign affairs, banking are included in the Union List because these subjects are of national importance and require a uniform policy for execution.
72.In India’s federal system, which level of government has the power to legislate on residuary subjects?
Or
Which level of government in India legislates on the residuary subjects?
Ans- In India’s federal system’ Union government has the power to legislate on residuary subjects.
73.In case of a clash between the laws made by the centre and a state on a subject in the concurrent list, whose law will prevail?
Ans- In case of a clash between the laws made by the centre and state on a subject in the concurrent list, the Union Law will prevail.
74.Which two Indian states have been given special status?
Ans- Jammu and Kashmir and Arunachal Pradesh have been given special status in Indian federation.
75.Which judgement of the Supreme Court made Indian federal power sharing more effective?
Ans- The historic judgement in which Supreme Court declared that Central government cannot dismiss the state government in an arbitary manner, made the Indian federal power sharing more effective.
76.What are the two main basis on which new states of India have been created?
Ans- Language and regional ethnicity are the main basis on which new states have been created.
77.How many languages are spoken in India and what is the ratio of Hindi speaking people in India?
Ans- There are 114 languages spoken in India out of which 22 languages (including Hindi) are recognised as scheduled languages. About 40 per cent people in India speak Hindi language.
78.What does the concept of decentralisation signify?
Ans- The concept of decentralisation signifies – power taken away from central and state government and given to local government at both the urban and rural levels.
79.Which two constitutional amendments of 1992 deal with the local self-government?
Ans- 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments of 1992 deal with the local self-government at local level in rural and urban areas.
80.Which is the highest institution of Panchayati Raj in rural areas?
Ans- Zila parishad is the highest institution of Panchayati Raj in rural areas.
81.Who is the political head of the municipality and gram panchayat?
Ans- Mayor and Sarpanch are the political heads of the municipality and gram panchayat respectively.
82.Which government is responsible for the entire country?
Ans- The Central Government is responsible for the entire country. It is also called Union Government.
83.Name the lowest level of government in rural area.
Ans- Gram Panchayat is the lowest level of Government in rural area.
84.What is gender division?
Ans- Gender division is defined as the difference between female and male members of society. It is a form of hierarchical social division based on social expectations and stereotypes.
85.Define the term ‘feminist’.
Ans- Feminist is a man or woman who believes in equal rights and opportunities for men and women.
86.What does the term patriarchy refer to?
Ans- The term patriarchy refers to a system that values men more and gives them power over women. The society based on this ideology is known as the patriarchal society.
87.What is sexual division of labour.
Ans- Sexual division of labour is a system in which all work inside the home is either done by the women of the family, or organised by them through the domestic helpers.
88.At which level of the government seats are reserved for women?
Ans- At the local level of Municipality and Panchayats, one-third seats are reserved for women.
89.List any two laws enacted by the Parliament for the welfare of women.
Ans- Laws enacted by the Parliament for the welfare of women are:
(a) Special Marriage Act of 1955
(b) Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961
(c) Equal Renumeration Act of 1976. (any two)
90.does the Equal Wages Act signify?
Ans- Equal Wages Act signifies the law that provides equal wages to be paid for equal work to both men and women.
91.In which country participation of women is very low?
Ans- In Bangladesh, the participation of women is very low.
92.What were Gandhiji’s views on religion and politics?
Ans- Mahatma Gandhi said that religion cannot be separated from politics and that politics must be guided by ethics drawn from religion.
93.What does the term communalism denote?
Ans- Communalism denotes a belief which is based on the idea that the religion is the basis of social community.
94.What is caste hierarchy?
Ans- Caste hierarchy is a ladder like formation in which all the caste groups are placed from the highest to the lowest.
95.Process to shift from one occupation to another is usually being practised by the new generation. What does it signify?
Ans- This process signifies occupational mobility.
96.Which leaders worked for the elimination of caste system in India?
Ans- Jotiba Phule, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Mahatma Gandhi and Periyar Ramaswami Naicker worked for the elimination of caste system in India.
97.In what way are religious differences beneficial?
Ans- Religious differences are beneficial only when all religions are treated equally, and people are able to express their needs, interests and demands without any fear.
98.What does the term Feminist Movement imply?
Ans- Feminist movement means a radical women’s movement against the discriminatory attitude and sexual division of labour.
99.List any one provisions of the Equal Wages Act.
Ans- The Equal Wages Act was passed to facilitate equal status to women. It provides that equal wages should be paid for equal work to all women.
100.Give the meaning of religious differences.
Ans- The term religious differences means a social division based on religious grounds.
More questions-
1. Which of the following was NOT done to clean the city of London ?
(a) Gardens were developed in open space
(b) The under ground railway was introduced for the people
(c) Rent Control Act was introduced
(d) Some areas of the city were decongested
2. What makes the core theme of Emile Zola‟s novel „Germinal‟ ?
(a) Hardships in the lives of industrial workers
(b) Masonries in the lives of poor farmers
(c) Comparison between the countryside and the industrial cities
(d) Conditions of miner‟s lives
3. Which of the following factor changed the form of urbanization in the modern world?
(a) Unemployment
(b) Secularism
(c) Capitalism
(d) Industrialization
4. Which one of the following novels is the first historical novel written in Bengali?
(a) Anandmath
(b) Durgeshnandani
(c) Sultan’s Dream
(d) Anguriya Binimay
5. When the Project Tiger campaign was started in India?
(a) 1961
(b) 1971
(c) 1963
(d) 1973
6. Endemic species refers to the species which are :
(a) extinct
(b) declining
(c) confined to specific areas only
(d) not found after search
7 Jowar, bajra and ragi are classified as :
(a) cereals
(b) cash crops
(c) millets
(d) commercial crops
8 Federalism is a system of government in which :
(a) power is directly wielded by the people
(b) Power is in the hands of a chosen group
(c) power is divided between two or more levels of government
(d) power is divided between rural and urban governments
9 The majority social group in Sri Lanka is :
(a) Sinhala speaking people
(b) Tamil speaking people
(c) Indian Tamil migrants
(d) Sinhala and Tamil Christians
10 In India seats are reserved for women in which one of the following institutions ?
(a) Lok sabha
(b) State Legislative Assemblies
(c) Council of Ministers
(d) Local Government bodies
11 An important measure for comparing countries is :
(a) Per capita income
(b) Sustainable development
(c) Population
(d) literacy rate
12 Which country from amongst the following has lowest literacy Rate ?
(a) Pakistan
(b) Bangladesh
(c) Sri Lanka
(d) Myanmar
13 The sum of production of all goods and services in the three sectors gives us :
(a) national product
(b) total product
(c) gross domestic product
(d) gross development product
14 Why did Public transport become necessary in England by the mid 20th century ? Give three reasons.
15 What were the favourite themes to women novelists in India ? Explain giving any three examples.
16 Describe the three main steps involved in the complex process of resource planning.
17 In which year was the „Indian Wildlife Protection Act implemented in India ?
Describe the main thrust area of this programme.
18 What are dams ? State the integrated impact of dams on human life.
19 What were the consequences of the „Majoritarian‟ policies adopted by the Sri Lanka government ? Mention any three.
20 Why do some people think that it‟s not correct to politicize social divisions ?
Give three reasons.
21 When does a social difference become a social division ? Explain with an example.
22 Describe any three public facilities needed for the people.
23 Why is NREGA also called right to work ? Explain.
24 “The chawls of Bombay were a cosmopolitan community in itself”. Explain the statement with appropriate examples.
25 Explain the main features of novels written by Munshi Premchand.
26 How did the novels for young boys idealise a new type of man ? Give suitable examples from among the novels published in the 19th century.
27 Distinguish between commercial farming and intensive subsistence farming. Name any two types of agriculture practised in India other than these .
28 Which five provisions of the Indian Constitution make India a full–fledged federation ? Explain.
29 How can the relationship between politics and religion be beneficial and problematic at the same time ? Explain.
30 Explain the Human Development Report. What is the criterion used to classify countries ?
31 Why is agriculture the most labour absorbing sector in India ? How does disguised unemployment make it worse ? Explain with an examples
32 On the political outline map of India, locate and label the following items with appropriate symbols :
(A) Manas Tiger Reserve
(B) Tungabhadra Dam
33 On the political outline map of India, locate and label the following items with appropriate symbols:
(A) Hirakund Dam
(B) Leading rubber producer state
34 Describe the historical changes that have taken place in the sectors of the economy in the developed countries.
35 Evaluate the theme of novel ‘Saraswativijayan’?
36 Explain any five reasons for the popularity of novels in mid eighteenth century Europe.
37 Explain any five major changes that came in women’s life of nineteenth century Britain.
