CBSE Class 10 Social Science Power Sharing Assignment Set A

Read and download free pdf of CBSE Class 10 Social Science Power Sharing Assignment Set A. Get printable school Assignments for Class 10 Civics. Class 10 students should practise questions and answers given here for Democratic Politics II Chapter 1 Power Sharing Civics in Class 10 which will help them to strengthen their understanding of all important topics. Students should also download free pdf of Printable Worksheets for Class 10 Civics prepared as per the latest books and syllabus issued by NCERT, CBSE, KVS and do problems daily to score better marks in tests and examinations

Assignment for Class 10 Civics Democratic Politics II Chapter 1 Power Sharing

Class 10 Civics students should refer to the following printable assignment in Pdf for Democratic Politics II Chapter 1 Power Sharing in Class 10. This test paper with questions and answers for Class 10 Civics will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

Democratic Politics II Chapter 1 Power Sharing Class 10 Civics Assignment

 

INTRODUCTION
Power sharing among the three organs of state viz., Legislature, Executive and Judiciary is very important for the proper functioning of the democracy. The idea of power sharing has emerged as opposition to the notion of undivided political power. In a democracy, everyone has a voice in shaping of public policies.To understand how democracies handle demands for power sharing, here we are discussing the forms of power sharing in Belgium and Sri Lanka.

13.1 BELGIUM AND SRI LANKA

(a) Ethnic composition of Belgium :
A small country in Europe, It has borders with Netherlands, France and Germany. It has a population of a little over one crore. The ethnic composition of this small country is very complex. Of the country’s total population, 59 percent lives in the Flemish region and speaks Dutch language. Another 40 percent people live in the Wallonia region and speak French. Remaining 1 percent of the Belgians speak German. In the capital city Brussels, 80 percent people speak French while 20 percent are Dutch speaking.
Problems – The minority French-speaking community was relatively rich and powerful. This was resented by Dutch-speaking community who got the benefit of economic development and
education much later. This led to tensions between the Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities during the 1950s and 1960s. Brussels presented a special problem: The Dutchspeaking people constituted a majority in the country, but a minority in the capital.

(b) Ethnic composition of Sri Lanka :
Sri Lanka is an island nation. It has about 2 crore people, Sri Lanka has a diverse population. The major social groups are the Sinhala-speakers (74 percent) and the Tamil-speakers (18 percent). Among Tamils there are two subgroups. Tamil natives of the country are called ‘Sri Lankan Tamils’ (13 percent). The rest, are called ‘Indian Tamils’. Most of the Sinhala-speaking people are Buddhist, while most of the Tamils are Hindus or Muslims. There are about 7 percent Christians, who are both Tamil and Sinhala.

13.2 MAJORITARIANISM IN SRI LANKA

Majoritarianism is a political philosophy which asserts that a majority of the population (majority by language, religion or any other identifying factor) has the right to take the decisions affecting the society. It means submission of the minority group to the majority group for all the decisions affecting their lives. It often results in preferential policies being followed, favouring the majority group in university positions and government jobs and other opportunities and interests, thus denying the minority equal rights and opportunities.

(a) Majoritarian measures to establish Sinhala supremacy :
In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official language, thus disregarding Tamil. The government followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs. A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism.

(b) Outcomes/Problems that emerged :
Majoritarianism has increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils. They felt that the constitution and government policies denied them equal political rights, discriminated against them in getting jobs and other opportunities and ignored their interests. The relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities strained over time.
The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official language, for regional autonomy and equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs. By 1980s several political organisation were formed demanding an independent Tamil Eelam (state) in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka. The distrust between the two communities turned into widespread conflict. It soon turned into a civil war (A civil war is a violent conflict between various groups in a country itself often due to undermining of a particular group’s interests or sentiments by the other group.). The civil war has caused a terrible setback to the social, cultural and economic life of the country.

13.3 ACCOMMODATION IN BELGIUM

The Belgian leaders recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities.
Between 1970 and 1993, they amended their constitution four times so as to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country. Some of the elements of the Belgian model are–
(i) Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government.
(ii) Many powers of the central government have been given to state government of the two regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.
(iii) Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation.
(iv) Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of government. This ‘community government’ (A community government is one in which different social groups are given the power to handle the affairs related to their communities. They are expected to work jointly for the benefit of the common masses without undermining any one community.)’ is elected by people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German-speaking –no matter where they live. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language–related issues.
These arrangements have worked well so far. They helped to avoid civic strife between the two major communities and a possible division of the country on linguistic lines. When many countries of Europe came together to form the European Union, Brussels was chosen as its headquarters.

13.4 IS POWER SHARING DESIRABLE ?

In deeply divided societies (divided on ethnic, cultural, religion grounds) equal representation of all the principal groups is called for. Every social group needs a share in the governance to ensure that their interests would be taken care of. Power sharing is desirable on two grounds:

(a) Prudential Reason :
Power sharing is good because it helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. Power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of political order. Imposing the will of majority community over others many look like an attractive option in the short run, but in the long run it undermines the unity of the nation. Tyranny of the majority is not just oppressive for the minority: it often brings ruin to the majority as well. Prudential reasons stress that power sharing will bring out better outcomes.

(b) Moral Reasons :
Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise, and who have to live with its effects. People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed. A legitimate government is one where citizens, through participation, acquire a stake in the system. Moral reasons emphasises the very act of power sharing as valuable. 

13.5 POWER SHARING

Power sharing is a strategy wherein all the major segments of the society are provided with a permanent share of power in the governance of the country. It is a means for sharing practices and established rules and rules to facilitate broad-based decision-making, controlling and leading.

(a) Sharing of power : Must in democracy :
One basic principle of democracy is that people are the source of all political power. In a democracy, people rule themselves through institutions of self–governance. In a good democratic government, due respect is given to diverse groups and views that exist in a society. Everyone has a voice in the shaping of public policies. Therefore, it follows that in a democracy political power should be
distributed among as many citizens as possible.

(b) Forms of Power Sharing :

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Civics Power Sharing_1

In modern democracies, power sharing arrangements can take many forms.
(i) Power is shared among different organs of government such as the legislature, executive and judiciary. Is also termed as horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers. Such a separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power. Each organ checks the others. This results in a balance of power among various institutions. This arrangement is called a system of checks and balances.
(ii) Power can be shared among governments at different levels – A general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level. Such a general government for the entire country is usually called federal government. The governments at the provincial or regional level are called by different names in different countries. The constitution clearly lays down the powers of different levels of government. This is called federal division of power. The same principle can be extended to levels of government lower than the State government, such as the municipality and panchayat, can also be termed as vertical division of power.
(iii) Power can be shared among different social groups, such as the religious and linguistic groups. In some countries there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and administration. This type of arrangement is meant to give space in the government and administration to diverse social groups who otherwise would feel alienated from the government. This method is used to give minority communities a fair share in power.
(iv) Power sharing arrangements can also be seen in the way political parties, pressure groups and movements control or influence those in power. It ensures that power does not remain in one hand. In the long run power is shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups. Sometimes this kind of sharing can be direct, when two or more parties form an alliance to contest elections. If their alliance is elected, they form a coalition government and thus share power. Interest groups also have a share in governmental power, either through participation in governmental committees or bringing influence on the decision making process .

 

MCQ Questions for Class 10 Social Science Power Sharing 

Question : In Belgium, the percentage of French community is: 
(a) 54%
(b) 40% 
(c) 30%
(d) 20% 
Answer : B
 

Question. Which is the major social group of Sri Lanka ?
(a) Sinhalese
(b) Indian Tamils
(c) Sri Lankan Tamils
(d) Muslims
Answer : A

Question. The power sharing arrangement in Belgium prevented the possible division of the country on :
(a) Linguistic basis
(b) Religious basis
(c) Regional basis
(d) None of the above
Answer : A

Question. Which language is spoken by the majority of Belgians?
(a) German
(b) Dutch
(c) French
(d) English
Answer : B

Question. In which year Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country ?
(a) 1947
(b) 1948
(c) 1949
(d) 1950
Answer : B

Question. Which language was declared as the only official language of Sri Lanka by an Act passed in 1956 ?
(a) Tamil
(b) Sinhala
(c) Hindi
(d) English
Answer : B

Question. In which part of Sri Lanka are the Sri Lankan Tamils concentrated ?
(a) North and South
(b) East and West
(c) North and East
(d) South and East
Answer : C

Question. Which language is spoken by 20% people of capital Brussels ?
(a) French
(b) German
(c) Dutch
(d) Latin
Answer : C

Question. Arrange the following events in correct sequence.
(i) The relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities strained over time.
(ii) The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official language, for regional autonomy and equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs.
(iii) In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official language.
(iv) All the government measures gradually increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils.
Options –
(A) ii-iv-i-iii
(B) iii-iv-i-ii
(C) iii-iv-ii-i
(D) i-ii-iv-iii
Answer : B

Question. Which religion is followed by Sinhala speaking people ?
(a) Hinduism
(b) Buddhism
(c) Islam
(d) None of the above
Answer : B

Question. Which is the state religion of Sri Lanka ?
(a) Buddhism
(b) Islam
(c) Hinduism
(d) Christianity 
Answer : A

Question. Which of the following was not one of the initial demands of Sri Lankan Tamils ?
(a) Regional autonomy.
(b) Recognition of Tamil as an official language.
(c) Equal opportunities in securing jobs and education.
(d) Creation of an independent Tamil Eelam (state).
Answer : D

Question. Which is the capital city of Belgium ?
(a) Brussels
(b) Bonn
(c) Wallonia
(d) Paris
Answer : A

Question : Power struggle demanding separate Eelam was launched by: 
(a) Sinhalese
(b) Buddhists 
(c) Tamilians
(d) none of these 
Answer : C
 
Question : Belgium shares its border with: 
(a) France
(b) Germany 
(c) Luxembourg
(d) all of the above 
Answer : D
 
Question : Power shared among governments at different levels is also called: 
(a) horizontal distribution
(b) vertical distribution 
(c) slant distribution
(d) none of the above 
Answer : B
 
Question : A war-like conflict between two opposite groups in a country is called 
(a) Cold war
(b) Civil war 
(c) Ethnic war
(d) None of these 
Answer : B
 
Question : Sri Lanka is an island nation, just a few kilometres from the Southern coast of 
(a) Goa
(b) Kerala 
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Lakshadweep 
Answer : C
 
Question : What is the percentage of Sinhala-speaking people in Sri Lanka? 
(a) 74%
(b) 75% 
(c) 14%
(d) 19% 
Answer : A
 
Question : Power sharing is desirable because it 
(a) helps the people of different communities to celebrated their festivals. 
(b) imposes the will of the majority community over others. 
(c) reduces the conflict between social groups. 
(d) ensures the stability of political order. 
Answer : C
 
Question : Division of power between higher and lower level of government is known as 
(a) vertical division of power 
(b) horizontal distribution of power 
(c) union division of power 
(d) community division of power 
Answer : A
 
Question : Power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of: 
(a) population (b) political order 
(c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of the above 
Answer : B
 
Question : Which of the following is not the benefit of power sharing? 
(a) It upholds the spirit of democracy. 
(b) Political parties get their expected share. 
(c) It ensures political stability in the long-run. 
(d) It reduces the possibility of conflicts between social groups. 
Answer : B
 
Question : Which of the following is not the form of power sharing? 
(a) Vertical division of power 
(b) Horizontal division of power 
(c) Division of power between people 
(d) Division of power among social groups 
Answer : C
 
Question : The idea of power-sharing has emerged in opposition to the notions of undivided ____ . 
(a) political power
(b) judiciary power
(c) legislative power
(d) executive power
Answer : A
Explanation: The idea of power-sharing has emerged in opposition to the notions of undivided political power. For a long time it was believed that all power of a government must reside in one person or group of persons located at one place. It was felt that if the power to decide is dispersed, it would not be possible to take quick decisions and to enforce them. But these notions have changed with the emergence of democracy.
 
Question : With which of the following countries, Belgium does not share its borders? 
(a) Luxemburg
(b) Italy
(c) Netherlands
(d) Germany
Answer : B
Explanation: Belgium is a small country in Europe, smaller in area than the state of Haryana. It has borders with France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.
 
Question : Name the community who got the benefit of economic development and education much later in Belgium? 
(a) French-speaking
(b) German-speaking
(c) English-speaking
(d) Dutch-speaking
Answer : D 
Explanation: The minority French-speaking community was relatively rich and powerful. This was resented by the Dutch-speaking community who got the benefit of economic development and education much later.
 
Match the following :
CBSE Class 10 Social Science Power Sharing_2
Answer : 1. (B), 2. (E), 3. (D), 4. (C), 5. (A)
 
 

Fill In The Blank 

DIRECTION : Complete the following statements with appropriate word(s).
 
Question : _______ has started power struggle demanding separate Eelam in Sri Lanka. 
Answer : Tamilians political organisation 
 
Question : Both _______ and _______ share power on an equal basis at _______ in Belgium. 
Answer : Dutch, French speaking people, central government 
 
 

True/False  

DIRECTION : Read each of the following statements and write if it is true or false. 

Question : Sri Lanka is facing the problems because of supporting the Tamilians in the state. 
Answer : True 

Question : Power sharing is desirable and reduces possibilities of conflict within the country. 
Answer : True 

Question : The feeling of accommodation has led to the problem in Sri Lanka. 
Answer : False 

Question. In democracy, power can be shared only among different organs of the government. (True/False)
Answer : False 

Question. In Brussels, the French speaking population has more representation than the Dutch speaking population. (True/False)
Answer : False 

Question. The moral reason of power sharing stress on the fact that power sharing brings better outcomes in a democracy. (True/False)
Answer : False 

Question. Power sharing is good because it helps to reduce the possibility of conflicts between social groups. (True/False)
Answer : False 

Question. The forefathers of the Indian Tamils in Sri Lanka went there as merchants and businessmen. (True/False)
Answer : False 

 

Assertion And Reason  

DIRECTION : Mark the option which is most suitable : 
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. 
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. 
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false. 
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.
 
Question : Assertion : In Belgium, the leaders realized that the unity of the country is possible by respecting the feelings and interest of different countries. 
Reason : Belgium favoured Dutch speaking community. 
Answer : (d) Both assertion and reason are false. 
Belgians adapted a power sharing arrangement in which all the communities have equal representation. 
This helped in relieving tension between the different communities. Thus they did not favour am/ particular community. Both the assertion and reason are false. 
 
Question : Assertion : In a democracy, everyone has voice in the shaping of public policies. 
Reason : India has federal system. 
Answer : (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. 
In a democracy, people elect the representatives who participate in the decision making process. Due respect and proper representation is given to diverse groups in a democratic system. Hence, in democracy everyone has voice in the shaping of public policies. 
However the reason does not justify the assertion. 
 
Question : Assertion : Belgium and Sri Lanka both faced ethical tension among different communities. 
Reason : Both the countries resolved the conflict by power sharing arrangement which gave equal representation to all the communities. 
Answer : (c) Assertion is true but reason is false. 
Belgians adopted a power sharing model where all the communities got equal representation; this helped in solving tension between different communities. 
However, Sri Lanka tried to promote the supremacy of Sinhala community which eventually led to civil war. Thus the reason is false. 
 
Question : Assertion : Community government in Belgium is elected by one language community. 
Reason : Community government helped in resolving conflict between different linguistic groups. 
Answer : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. 
Community government is elected by people of one language community, i.e. French, Dutch and German speaking. Such a government has power related to culture, education and language issues. It helps in resolving conflicts between different ethical groups by safeguarding the interest of its group. 
 
Question : Assertion : Power Sharing is good. 
Reason : It leads to ethical tension. 
Answer : (c) Assertion is true but reason is false. 
Power Sharing is good because it helps in reducing the chances of conflict between different social groups and ensures stability of the political system. 

 

Very Short Questions for Class 10 Social Science Power Sharing 

Question : Name two subgroups of Tamils in Sri Lanka. 
Answer :  Sri Lankan Tamils and Indian Origin Tamils  

Question. Correct the the following following statement and rewrite : The social disparity led to tensions between Dutch and French-speaking communities during the 1870s and 1880s.
Answer : The social disparity led to tensions between Dutch and French-speaking communities during the 1950s and 1960s.

Question. Federal government is a system in which power is horizontally divided into ________
Answer : Different units.

Question. Correct the following statement and rewrite. Belgium is area wise and population wise smaller than the state of U.S.A.
Answer : Belgium is area wise and population wise smaller than the state of Haryana.

Question. Defining moments of democracy are those moments which usually ______.
Answer : involve conflict between those groups who aspire for a share in power and exercised power.

Question : Which language is spoken by majority of Sri Lankans? 
Answer : Sinhala alanguage.

Question : Mention any one characteristics of power sharing.
Answer : Power sharing is a system of governance where all the communities in the society participate in the policy making. 

Question : What measure was adopted by the democratically elected government of Sri Lanka to establish Sinhala supremacy?
Answer : Sinhala speaking community who follow Buddhism took many majoritarianistic measures to establish supremacy over Sri Lankan Tamils.

Question : What was a community government? 
Answer : It was elected by the people belonging to language community – Dutch French and German speaking no metter where they live. It deals with cultural, educational and language related issues. 

Question. Define ‘power sharing’.
Answer : Power sharing is a political arrangement in which various groups, either from supporting parties or opposition parties, take part in the government activities.

Question. Give one difference between prudential and moral reasons for power sharing.
Answer : Prudential reasons state how power sharing provide better outcomes, while moral reasons try to explain how much power sharing is valuable.

Question : How did the feeling of alienation develop among the Sri Lankan Tamils ?
Answer : The measures of the act of 1956 introduced by Sinhalese Government made the Sri Lankan Tamils feel alienated.
They felt that none of the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhalese were sensitive towards their language and culture. They also felt that the constitution and policies of the government denied them equal political rights, discriminated against them in terms of jobs and other opportunities by ignoring their interests.

Question. Differentiate between community government in Belgium and majoritarian government in Sri Lanka.
Answer : In the majoritarian government of Sri Lanka, the leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority. Sinhala was the only official language, university positions and government jobs were for Sinhala applicants, and the new constitution favoured to protect and foster Buddhism.
The Belgian leaders recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. The community government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues.

Question. Which community tried to impose their domination in Belgium ?
Answer : Dutch speaking community.

Question. What do you mean by a civil war ?
Answer : It is a war between two or more opposing groups of a country. A civil war takes place within the country. They are violent conflicts. The war between Sinhalese and Indian Tamils in Sri Lanka is an example of a civil war.

Question. What is the ethnic composition of Belgium ?
Answer : Belgium has a complex ethnic composition. It has Dutch speaking people, French speaking people and German speaking people.

Question. Define democracy.
Answer : Democracy refers to a country or state that is ruled by its citizens. In other words, citizens of a country or state can participate in the decisions taken by the government.

Question. Name the most important social groups of Sri Lanka.
Answer : (i) Sinhala speaking. (ii) Tamil speaking.

Question. Where is the headquarters of European Union located?
                                                  OR
What was the name of the independent state which was being demanded in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka?
Answer : The headquarters of European Union is located in Brussels.
                                                        OR
Tamil Eelam was the name of the independent state which was being demanded in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka.

Question. Define ‘Liberation Movement’.
Answer : A liberation movement is a political organisation that rebels against the policies and procedures of the government or a colonial power either violently or nonviolently. These movements are often organised for getting independence based on a nationalist identity and an anti-imperialist outlook.

Question. How many times between 1970 and 1993 was Belguim constitution amended ?
Answer : Between 1970 and 1993 four times the Belguim constitution was amended.

Question. Define authoritarian government.
Answer : Authoritarian government is the one in which individuals do not have any power and they need to show absolute obedience to the formal authority without questioning on any activity. The leaders in such governments handle all the activities, including economic, military, and foreign relations, as they want. Dictatorship is an example of such type of governments.

Question. Explain the meaning of ‘Majoritarianism’ as practised in Sri Lanka.
Answer : The dominance of majority community to rule the country in whichever way it wants and totally disregarding the wishes and needs of minority community is known as Majoritarianism. In 1956, an act was passed by the Sinhala government to recognise Sinhala as the official language in Sri Lanka. The Sinhala government gave preferences to the Sinhalese in gettting jobs and other such benefits. The Sinhalas completely disregarded the interests of Srilankan Tamils while this act was passed. This is a case of Majoritarianism.

Question. What is the main advantage of horizontal distribution of power ?
Answer : Horizontal distribution of power enables different government bodies to exercise different powers being at the same levels.

Question : Complete the table with correct information with regard to ethnic composition of Belgium :

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Power Sharing

Answer :

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Power Sharing_1

 

Short Questions for Class 10 Social Science Power Sharing 

Question : What made the Sri Lankan Tamils feel alienated? 
Answer : Sri Lankan Tamils felt alienated because of the following reasons:
i. The government adopted a majoritarian measure to establish Sinhala Supremacy.
The Act passed in 1956, introduced by Sinhalese Government to recognise Sinhala as the only official language made the Sri Lankan Tamils feel alienated.
ii. The governments followed preferential politics that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs.
iii. A new Constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism.
iv. They felt that none of the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhalese was sensitive to their language and culture. They also felt that the constitution and government policies denied them equal political rights.
v. Thus, they realized that the government had discriminated against them in getting jobs and other opportunities by ignoring their interests. As a result, the relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities strained overtime and it soon turned into a Civil War. 

Question : Why did civil war break out in Sri Lanka? List the result of the civil war. 
Answer : The distrust between Tamil speaking and the Sinhalese over the majoritarianism issue resulted in a wider conflict which soon turned into a civil war.
The following were the results of the civil war:
i. Thousands of people of Sinhala and Tamil communities were killed.
ii. Many families were forced to leave the country and many more lost their livelihood.
iii. Sri Lanka, in general, suffered from an economic crisis.
iv. Civil war has caused a terrible setback to the social-cultural and economic life of the country.

Question : What was the political problems faced by Belgium? 
Answer : Problems of ethnic composition- 
1. 50% Dutch speaking, 40% French speaking, 1% German speaking 
2. But in its capital- 80% French speaking, 20% Dutch speaking 
3. French community was rich and powerful

Question :  Explain the ethnic problem of Srilanka. 
Answer :
1) In Silence there are two communities' sinhala and Tamil 
2) Among Tamils the Tamil natives who are called, Srilankan Tamils and the Indian Tamils whose forefathers come from India as plantation workers during the colonial period. 
3) Most of the Sinhalas are Buddhist and Tamils are Hindus or Muslims. So in Srilanka the problem was who is going to hold power and enjoy the economic benefits

Question : How can power be shared among governments at different levels? Explain.
Answer :  Vertical division of power : Vertical division of power means sharing of power among governments at different levels.
In India, there are three levels of the government :
(i) For the entire country : Central Government/Union Government.
(ii) At the provincial level : State Governments.
(iii) At the local level (i.e., rural and urban) : Local self governments like panchayats and municipal councils.

 

Long Questions for Class 10 Social Science Power Sharing

Question :  Describe any three demands of the Sri Lankan Tamils. How did they struggle for their demands? 
Answer : The leaders of Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority. In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official language. The governments followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs. Disillusioned by the government’s Majoritarian Policy, the Sri Lankan Tamil started their struggle. They wanted
i. recognition of Tamil as an official language,
ii. regional autonomy
iii. equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs.
These were their three demands. But the demands of the Sri Lankan Tamils for more autonomy to provinces populated by the Tamils were repeatedly rejected. By the 1980s, several political organisations were formed demanding an independent Tamil Eelam (state) in Northern and Eastern parts of Sri Lanka. Sri Lankan Tamils launched their own political party LTTE (Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam) in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka. The distrust between the two communities turned into widespread conflict and it soon turned into a Civil War. As a result, thousands of people of both the communities have been killed and this caused a terrible setback to the social, cultural and economic life of the country. Many families were forced to leave the country as refugees and many more lost their livelihoods.

Question : How Belgian government solved its ethnic Problem ?
Answer : The Path of accommodation adopted in Belgium.
1) Dutch and French speaking ministers shall be equal in the central govt.
2) Many Powers of the central government have been given to state govt. The state govt are not subordinate to the central govt.
3) Brussels has a separate govt in which both the communities have equal representation.
4) There is a third kind of govt called community govt elected by the people belonging to Dutch, French and German no matter where they live.

Question :  What is majoritariamisum? How it has led to alienation of majority community in Sri Lanka?
Answer :  The dominance of majority community to rule the country in whichever way it wants totally disregarding the wishes and needs of minority community is known as majoritarianism
1) In srilanka mainly there are two communities- Sinhala and Tamils the leaders of the sinhala community sought to secure dominance over the govt by virtue of their majority. Sinhala has been recognized as the official language of the country by disregarding
2) Government followed a preferential policy favouring sinhalased in university portions and govt jobs.
3) The govt encouraged and protected Budhism The distrust has turned into a civil war that has caused a set back to social cultural and economic life of Srilanka.

Question : Describe the power sharing arrangement made by Belgium.
Answer :  The main elements of the Belgium model of power-sharing includes :
(i) Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French speaking ministers shall be equal in the Central Government. Some special laws require the support of majority of members from each linguistic group. Thus no single community can make decisions unilaterally.
(ii) Many powers of the Central Government have been given to State Governments. The State Governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.
(iii) Brussels had a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. The French speaking people accepted equal representation in Brussels because the Dutch speaking community has accepted equal representation in the Central Government.

Question : “Social division take place when some social difference overlap with other social differences.” Support the statement.
Answer :  Social division takes place when some social difference overlaps with other differences.
(a) The difference between the Blacks and Whites becomes a social division in the US because the Blacks tend to be poor, homeless and discriminated against.
(b) In our country Dalits tend to be poor and landless. They often face discrimination and injustice. Situations of this kind produce social divisions.
(c) Considering the cases of Northern Ireland and the Netherlands. Both are predominantly Christian but divided between Catholics and Protestants. In Northern Ireland, class and religion overlap with each other. The Catholics in Northern Ireland are also more likely to be poor, and often have a history of discrimination. Whereas in the Netherlands, class and religion tend to cut across each other. Catholics and Protestants are about equally likely to be poor or rich. The result is that Catholics and Protestants have had conflicts in Northern Ireland, while they do not do so in the Netherlands. Overlapping social differences create possibilities of deep social divisions and tensions.

Question : Give reasons why power sharing is desirable?
Answer :  Power sharing is desirable in democracy because :
(i) Prudential reasons :
(a) It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. Since social conflict often leads to violence and political instability.
(b) It is a good way to ensure the stability of political order.
(c) Imposing the will of over others may look like an attractive option in the short run, but in the long run it undermines the unity of the nation.
(ii) Moral reasons :
(a) Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise and who have to live with its effect.
(b) People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.
(c) A legitimate government is one where citizens through participation, acquire a stake in the system.  

 

Extra Questions-

Question : 1 Why is power sharing good for democracies?

Question : 2 Why power sharing is Desirables.

Question : 3 Explain different forms of power sharing in modern democracies

Question : 4 Explain the drawbacks of majoritarianism.

Question : 5 It is possible to change the power sharing arrangement? If so How?

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