CBSE Class 12 Chemistry notes and questions for Biomolecules Part B. Learning the important concepts is very important for every student to get better marks in examinations. The concepts should be clear which will help in faster learning. The attached concepts made as per NCERT and CBSE pattern will help the student to understand the chapter and score better marks in the examinations.
Bio molecule
Gist Of The Chapter
1.Carbohydrates‐ These are optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones due to presence of chiral `C’ or the compounds which produce these on hydrolysis except dihydroxy acetone is not optically active.
2. Classification
i) Monosaccharide’s – Those carbohydrates which cannot get hydrolysed e.g. glucose ,fructose, galactose etc.
(ii) OligosaccharidesThose carbohydrates which give to or more monosaccharide’s on hydrolysis e.g. sucrose on hydrolysis gives glucose and fructose. Raffinose on hydrolysis gives glucose, fructose and galactose.
(iii) Polysaccharides‐ Those carbohydrates which on hydrolysis give large number of monosaccharide’s hydrolysis.eg starch, cellulose, glycogen.
3. Sugar-
i)Reducing SugarsThose which reduce Fehling’s or Tollen’s reagent. They have free aldehydic groups, eg , glucose, fructose , galactose
(ii)Non Reducing SugarsThose which do not reduce Fehling’s or Tollen’s reagent. They do not have free functional group ,e.g., sucrose
4. Glucose‐ It is a monosaccharide’s with molecular formula C6H12O6
5. Preparation
(i)F mSucrose
C12H22O11 + H2O ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐> C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 ( Only from sucrose)
(ii)From tarch
(C6H10O5)n + nH2O ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐> C12H2211 + H20 ‐‐‐‐‐‐> 2C6H12O6
6.Structure
(i)Fischer structure –
CHO — (CHOH)4 — CH2OH
(+) Glucose has `D’ configuration as shown
`D’ means —OH group on first chiral `C’ from the bottom is on right hand and + means it is dextro rotator, i.e, it rotates plane polarized light towards right.
(ii) Cyclic Structure OF Glucose: the straight chain is unable to explain the following reactions.
(a) It does not give the 2, 4‐DNP test, Schiff’s Test and does not form the hydrogensulphide product with NaHSO3 .
(b) The pentacetate of glucose does not react with NH2OH, indicating the absence of free aldehydic group.
(iii) Glucose exist in 2 different crystalline forms α and β forms. These are called anomers. They differ in optical rotation, they also differ in melting point.
Anomers are isomers which have a different configuration across C‐1 (first chiral ‘C’ atom).
7. Glycosidic Linkage: The linkage between two monosaccharide units through oxygen is called the glycosidic linkage.
Please click the link below to download pdf file for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry notes and questions for Biomolecules Part B.
Click for more Chemistry Study Material ›