CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Amines Board Exam Notes

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Classification: Amines are classified according to the number of carbon atoms bonded directly to the nitrogen atom. A primary (1°) amine has one alkyl (or aryl) group on the nitrogen atom, a secondary (2°) amine has two, and a tertiary (3°) amine has three.
 
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Amines Board Exam Notes
 
 
Physical Properties of Amines
 
1. The lower aliphatic amines are gases with fishy smell. Primary amines with three or more carbon atoms are liquid and higher members are all solids.
2. Lower aliphatic amines are water soluble because they can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, however the solubility decreases with increase in hydrophobic alkyl group.
3. Boiling points order: primary amine > secondary amine > tertiary amine
 
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Amines Board Exam Notes-1
 
 
Preparation
 
HOFFMANN BROMAMIDE REACTION:‐
 
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Amines Board Exam Notes-2

Chemical Properties Basic Strength of Amines
Amines act as Lewis bases due to the presence of lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom. More the Kb (dissociation constant of base), higher is the basicity of amines. Lesser the pKb higher is the basicity of amines. Aliphatic amines (R‐NH2) are stronger bases than NH3due to the electron releasing +I effect of the alkyl group. Among aliphatic methyl amines, the order of basic strength in aqueous solution is as follows:
(C2H5)2NH > (C2H5)3N > C2H5NH2> NH3 (CH3)2NH > CH3NH2> (CH3)3N > NH3
Aromatic amines are weaker bases than aliphatic amines and NH3, due to the fact that the electron pair on the nitrogen atom is involved in resonance with the π‐electron pairs of the ring.

BENZOYLATION:

CBSE-Class-12-Chemistry-Amines-Board-Exam-Notes

protecting–NH2 by acetylation with acetic anhydride

CBSE-Class-12-Chemistry-Amines-Board-Exam-Notes

NITRATION: Direct nitration of aniline is not possible as it is susceptible to oxidation Thus amino group is first protected by acetylation


CBSE-Class-12-Chemistry-Amines-Board-Exam-Notes

In strongly acidic medium, aniline is protonated to form anilinium ion which is meta directing so it gives meta product also

CBSE-Class-12-Chemistry-Amines-Board-Exam-Notes

SULPHONATION

CBSE-Class-12-Chemistry-Amines-Board-Exam-Notes

Aniline does not undergo Friedel Craft reaction due to salt formation with aluminium chloride, the Lewis acid, which is used as a catalyst.
DIAZOTISATION:
Properties of benzene diazonium chloride

CBSE-Class-12-Chemistry-Amines-Board-Exam-Notes
 
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