CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Alcohols Phenols And Ethers Notes Set 01

 CHAPTER – 11 (ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS )

IMPORTANT TOPICS

COMMON             NAMES                                      IUPAC NAMES

CH₃OH                  Methyl alcohol                               Methanol

CH₃CH₂OH           Ethyl alcohol                                  Ethanol

CH₃CH(OH) CH₃    Isopropyl alcohol                          Propan-2-ol

CH₃OCH₃               Dimethyl    ether                          Methoxymethane

C₂H₅OC2H₅           Diethyl ether                                 Ethoxyethane

CH₃OCH₂CH₂CH₃  Methyl n-propyl ether                  1-Methoxypropane

C₆H₅OCH₃               Methyl phenyl ether                     Methoxybenzene

C₆H₅OCH₂CH₃         Ethyl phenyl ether                       Ethoxybenzene

C₆H₅O(CH₂)₆ – CH₃   Heptyl phenyl ether                 1-Phenoxyheptane

Physical properties

Boiling points:

Boiling points of alcohols and phenols are higher in comparison to other classes of compounds, namely hydrocarbons, ethers, haloalkanes and haloarenes of comparable molecular masses. This is because the –OH group in alcohols and phenols is involved in intermolecular H-bonding

The boiling points of alcohols and phenols increase with increase in the number of carbon atoms. This is because of increase in van der Waals forces with increase in surface area. In alcohols, the boiling points decrease with increase of branching in carbon chain. This is because of decrease in van der Waals forces with decrease in surface area.

Solubility:

Solubility of alcohols and phenols in water is due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

The solubility of alcohols decreases with increase in size of alkyl/aryl (hydrophobic) group

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