CBSE Class 12 Sociology

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Unit 1: Introducing Indian Society (Non-evaluative)

  • Colonialism, Nationalism, Class and Community

Note for Students: This introductory unit provides the historical context of Indian society, focusing on how colonial rule and nationalist movements shaped modern social structures.

Unit 2: The Demographic Structure of the Indian Society (10 Marks)

  • Theories and concepts in demography
  • Rural-Urban Linkages and Divisions
  • Population Policy in India

Note for Students: Students will study the statistical characteristics of India's population and the various theories and government policies related to demographic changes.

Unit 3: Social Institutions: Continuity and Change (10 Marks)

  • Caste and the Caste System
  • Tribal Communities
  • Family and Kinship

Note for Students: This unit examines the foundational pillars of Indian society and how these traditional institutions have adapted to modern influences.

Unit 5: Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion (10 Marks)

  • Social Inequality and Social Exclusion
  • Systems justifying and perpetuating Inequality - Caste, Tribe, the Other Backward Classes
  • Adivasi Struggles
  • The Struggle for Women’s Equality and Rights
  • The struggles of the Differently Abled

Note for Students: Understand the structural nature of social disparities in India and the historical movements led by marginalized groups for their rights.

Unit 6: The Challenges of Cultural Diversity (10 Marks)

  • Cultural communities and the nation state
  • Regionalism in the Indian context
  • The Nation state and religion related issues and identities
  • Communalism, secularism and the nation state
  • State and Civil Society

Note for Students: This section explores the complexities of maintaining national unity while respecting India's vast regional, religious, and cultural diversity.

Unit 8: Structural Change (5 Marks)

  • Understanding Colonialism, Industrialization, Urbanization

Note for Students: Focus on the large-scale economic and physical transformations of Indian society brought about by modern industrial processes and urban growth.

Unit 9: Cultural Change (5 Marks)

  • Social Reform Movements
  • Different Kinds of Social Change: Sanskritisation, Westernisation, Modernization, Secularization

Note for Students: This unit analyzes the internal and external processes that have led to significant shifts in India's cultural practices and value systems.

Unit 11: Change and Development in Rural Society (10 Marks)

  • Agrarian Structure: Caste & class in Rural India
  • Land Reforms, Green Revolution and Emerging Agrarian society
  • Green revolution and its social consequences
  • Transformation in Rural Society
  • Circulation of labour
  • Globalization, Liberalization and Rural Society

Note for Students: Study the evolution of rural India from traditional agrarian relations to the impact of global markets and new technology.

Unit 12: Change and Development in Industrial Society (10 Marks)

  • From Planned Industrialization to Liberalization
  • How people find Jobs
  • Work Processes: How work is carried out, working conditions, home based work, Strikes and Unions

Note for Students: This unit details the shift in India's industrial landscape and the changing nature of work and labor rights in a liberalized economy.

Unit 15: Social Movements (10 Marks)

  • Concept of Social Movements
  • Theories and Classification of Social Movements
  • Environmental Movements
  • Class-Based Movements: Workers, Peasants
  • Caste-Based Movements: Dalit Movement, Backward Class/Castes, Trends in Upper Caste Responses
  • Tribal Movements
  • Women’s Movements in Independent India

Note for Students: Explore how organized collective actions have historically challenged the status quo to bring about social and political change in India.