CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Solid State Notes Set 02

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 Class 12 Chemistry-Solid State

Class 12 Chemistry-Solid State

UNIT CELLS

CBSE Class 12 Chemistry-Solid State 1

CBSE Class 12 Chemistry-Solid State 2

CBSE Class 12 Chemistry-Solid State 3

• Vacancy defect decreases the density while interstitial defect increases the density of the substance.
 
• F-centres are the anonic sites occupied by unpaired electrons. They impart colour to the crystal.
 
• Diamagnetic substances – have all paired electrons and weakly repelled by the magnetic field.Eg. TiO2 , NaCl
 
• Paramagnetic substances – have unpaired electrons and attracted by the magnetic field.Eg. O2 , Cu2+ , Fe2+
 
• Ferromagnetic substances – have permanent magnetism. In it, dipoles are aligned in the same direction. Eg. Ni, Co
 
• Antiferromagnetic substances – have net dipole alignment zero. Eg. MnO, FeO.
 
• Ferrimagnetic substances – have net dipole. Eg. Fe3O4, MgFe2O4
 
• Solids are classified into three groups on the basis of their electrical properties;
 
• Conductors - generally includes metals having conductivity of the range 104–107 ohm-1m-1
 
• Semi-conductors – Have intermediate conductivities of the range 10-6–104 ohm-1m-1 As temperature increases there is the rise in conductivity as electrons from the valence band jump to the conduction band.
 
• Insulators -solids which have very low conductivity of the range 10-10–10-20ohm-1m-1
 
• Doping is the introduction of small amount of impurity in the crystal.
 
• n-type semi-conductor: When silicon or germanium is doped with a group 15 element like P or As, the dopant atom forms four covalent bonds like a Si or Ge atom but the fifth electron not used in bonding, becomes delocalized and contributes its share towards electrical conduction. Thus, Si or Ge doped with P or As is called a n-type semi-conductor.
 
• p-type semi-conductor: : When silicon or germanium is doped with a group 13 element like B or Al, the dopant atom forms three covalent bonds but at the position of fourth electron a hole is created. This hole moves through the crystal like a positive charge giving rise to electrical conduction. Thus, Si or Ge doped with B or Al is called a p-type semiconductor.

 

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Study Material and Revision Notes for Class 12 Chemistry Unit 01 The Solid State

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Are these Chemistry notes for Class 12 based on the 2026 board exam pattern?

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Yes, our CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Solid State Notes Set 02 provide a detailed, topic wise breakdown of the chapter. Fundamental definitions, complex numerical formulas and all topics of CBSE syllabus in Class 12 is covered.

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