CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Haloalkanes And Haloarenes Chapter Notes

Official Class 12 Chemistry Revision Material: CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Haloalkanes And Haloarenes Chapter Notes

Access comprehensive revision notes for Unit 6 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes using the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Haloalkanes And Haloarenes Chapter Notes. Designed to align with the 2026-27 academic syllabus for Class 12 Chemistry, these concept summaries help students streamline their exam preparation and review complex topics efficiently.

Chapter-wise Concept Summaries: Unit 6 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Access the complete concept summary PDF for Unit 6 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes below. Regular review of these targeted notes builds familiarity with complex Class 12 Chemistry themes and helps secure higher marks in final school evaluations.

Chemistry Chapter 10

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

1. Nature of C-X bond in alkyl halides: X is more electronegative than carbon. So, the C-X bond is polarized with C having a partial positive charge and X having a partial negative charge

2. Preparation of haloalkanes:

class_12-chemistry_concept_106

R-X+ Nal →  R-l+ NaX(finkelstein reaction)

R-B + AgF → R-F +AgBr(Swarts reaction) 

3. Preparation of haloarenes:

a. By elecrophilic substitution reaction:

class_12-chemistry_concept_107

e. Balz – Schiemann reaction:

CBSE Class 12 Chemistry - Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Chapter Notes 1

 

4. Physical properties of haloalkanes: 
 
a. Solubility. Although haloalkanes are polar in nature, yet they are practically very slightly soluble in water. In order for a haloalkane to dissolve in water, energy is required to overcome the attractions between the haloalkane molecules and break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules. However Haloalkanes are not able to form hydrogen bonds with water and therefore, less energy is released when new attractions are set up between the haloalkane and the water molecules because these are not as strong as the original hydrogen bonds in water molecules. As a result, solubility of haloalkanes in water is low. 
 
b. Density: 
 
• Simple fluoro and chloroalkanes are lighter than water while bromides and polychloro devrivatives are heavier than water. 
 
• With the increase in number of carbon atoms, the densities go on increasing.
 
• With the increase in number of halogen atoms, the densities go on increasing. 
 
• The densities increase in the order: 
 
• Fluoride < chloride < bromide < iodide 
 
• The density also increases with increasing number and atomic mass of the halogen. 
 
c. Method and Boiling points: 
 
• Molecules of organic halogen compounds are generally polar.Due to the polarity as well as higher molecular mass as compared to the parent hydrocarbon, the intermolecular forces of attraction (dipole – dipole and van der Waals) between the molecules are stronger in halogen derivatives of alkanes. As a result melting and boiling points of chlorides, bromides and iodides are considerably higher than those of the parent hydrocarbon of comparable molecular mass. 
 
• Amongst themselves, the following trends are observed: 
o For the same alkyl group the boiling points of alkyl chlorides, bromides and iodides follow the order RI > RBr > RCl > RF where R is an alkyl group. This is because with the increase in the size of the halogen, the magnitude of van der Waals force increase.
o In general, the boiling points of chloro, bromo and iodo compounds increase with increase in the number of halogen atoms. 
o For the same halogen atom, the boiling points of haloalkanes increase with increase in the size of alkyl groups. 
o For isomeric alkyl halides, the boiling points decrease with branching. This is because branching of the chain makes the molecule more compact and, therefore, decrease the surface area. Due to decrease in surface area, the magnitude of van der Waals forces of attraction decreases and consequently, the boiling points of the branched chain compound is less than those of the straight chain compounds. 
 
5. Physical Properties of Haloarenes: 
 
a. These are generally colourless liquids or crystalline solids. 
 
b. These are heavier than water. 
 
c. Melting and boiling points of haloarenes: 
 
• Melting and boiling points of haloarenes are nearly the same as those of alkyl halides containing the same number of carbon atoms.
 
• The boiling points of monohalogen derivatives of benzene are in the order: iodo > bromo > chloro > fluoro 
 
• For the same halogen atom, the melting and boiling points increase as the size of the aryl group increases. 
 
• The melting point of para isomer is quite higher than that of ortho or meta isomers. This is due to the fast that is has symmetrical structure and there fore, its molecules can easily pack loosely in the crystal lattice. As a result intermolecular forces of attraction are stronger and therefore, greater energy is required to break its lattice and it melts at higher temperature.

 

Please click the link below to download pdf file for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry - Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Chapter Notes.

Free study material for Chemistry

Unit 6 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Concepts and Summary for Class 12 Chemistry

About Unit 6 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Revision Notes

Explore reliable chapter overviews for Unit 6 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes tailored for Class 12 learners. Use these structured points to grasp difficult themes and ensure solid preparation for upcoming assessments.

How to Use These Revision Notes

Each chapter summary is structured around standard CBSE textbooks, allowing students to check their understanding and clarify complex ideas early in their revision.

Enhance Practice with MCQs and Worksheets

Wrap up your chapter revision by testing your knowledge against standard question formats. Everything on our platform is provided free of charge.

FAQs

Where can I download the latest PDF for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Haloalkanes And Haloarenes Chapter Notes?

You can download the teacher prepared revision notes for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Haloalkanes And Haloarenes Chapter Notes from StudiesToday.com. These notes are designed as per 2026-27 academic session to help Class 12 students get the best study material for Chemistry.

Are these Chemistry notes for Class 12 based on the 2026 board exam pattern?

Yes, our CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Haloalkanes And Haloarenes Chapter Notes include 50% competency-based questions with focus on core logic, keyword definitions, and the practical application of Chemistry principles which is important for getting more marks in 2026 CBSE exams.

Do these Class 12 notes cover all topic-wise concepts for Chemistry?

Yes, our CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Haloalkanes And Haloarenes Chapter Notes provide a detailed, topic wise breakdown of the chapter. Fundamental definitions, complex numerical formulas and all topics of CBSE syllabus in Class 12 is covered.

How can I use CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Haloalkanes And Haloarenes Chapter Notes for quick last-minute revision?

These notes for Chemistry are organized into bullet points and easy-to-read charts. By using CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Haloalkanes And Haloarenes Chapter Notes, Class 12 students fast revise formulas, key definitions before the exams.

Is there any registration required to download Class 12 Chemistry notes?

No, all study resources on StudiesToday, including CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Haloalkanes And Haloarenes Chapter Notes, are available for immediate free download. Class 12 Chemistry study material is available in PDF and can be downloaded on mobile.