CBSE Class 10 History Nationalism In India Worksheet Set E

Two Marks Questions

Question. How did Gandhi ji apply the method of Satyagraha in India
Answer : Initially, Gandhi ji applied the method of Satyagraha in the Champaran district of Bihar. He aimed to help the exploited peasants from the clutch of torturous plantation owners.

Question. Why General Dyer fired upon innocent people gathered peacefully in Jallianwala Bagh?
Answer : General Dyer aimed to produce a moral effect and to strike terror in the minds of Satyagrahis.

Question. What was the impact of Non-Cooperation Movement on imports?
Answer : The import of foreign clothes halved between 1921 and 1922, and its value declined from 102 crore to 57 crore.

Question. How Simon Commission was greeted in India?
Answer : When Simon Commission entered India in 1928, it was welcomed with the roaring slogan in a black flag, ‘Go back, Simon’.

Question. When was the Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed?
Answer :The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin on March 5, 1931.

Question. Unfold the stages of Non-Cooperation Movement.
Answer : (i) Started with the surrender of titles that government awarded
(ii) Boycott of civil services, army, police, courts, legislative councils, schools and foreign goods.

Question. Why many Congress leaders were reluctant to boycott council elections ?
Answer : The Congress leaders were willing to boycott council elections scheduled for November 1920, as they feared if they joined Non-Cooperation Movement; it might lead to popular violence.

Question.Why Kheda farmers protested against Britishers ?
Answer : Being affected by crop shortage and a plague epidemic, the peasants of Kheda could not pay the revenue.

Question. Why was Simon Commission rejected in India ?
Answer : The Simon Commission was rejected in India because it did not have a single Indian member.

Question. What was Mahatma Gandhi’s reaction on Rowlatt Act?
Answer : Mahatma Gandhi aimed to start a non-violent Civil Disobedience Movement against such unjust laws that could initiate with a strike on 6th April, 1919.

Question. What decision was made at the Nagpur Session of Congress in 1920?
Answer : At the Nagpur Session of Congress in December 1920, a compromise was reached and the Non-Cooperation Movement was adopted.

Question. How middle classes participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Answer : Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up their legal practices.

Question. What is meant by Satyagraha ?
Answer : Satyagraha is the non-violent way of mass agitation against the oppressor. The not ion of Satyagraha underscored the power of truth.

Question. What was ‘Champaran Movement’ ?
Answer : The Champaran Movement was the first Satyagraha Movement that took place in 1916 at Champaran district in Bihar, India.

Question. What was Inland Emigration Act ?
Answer : Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, the plantation workers were not allowed to leave the tea plantation without permission.

Question. Why did Gandhiji decide to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922?
Answer : Gandhiji decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922 because in same year, at Chauri-Chaura(Gorakhpur), a peaceful mob turned violent and clashed with police resulting in death of several policemen.

Question. Who was Sir John Simon ?
Answer : Six John Simon was the chairman of the simoncommission in India.

Question. Why boycott of British institutions posed a problem?
Answer : For the movement to be successful, alternative Indian institutions had to be set up so that they could be used in place of the British ones. But these were slow to come up and teachers and students started trickling back to government schools.

Question. Who headed the ‘Awadh Kisan Sabha’ ?
Answer : Jawaharlal Nehru and Baba Ramchandra headed the’Awadh Kisan Sabha’.

Question. Why people gathered in Jallianwala Bagh on 13th April, 1919 ?
Answer : In order to attend Vaisakhi festival, a crowd of villagers assembled at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar on 13th April, 1919.

Question. Why Mahatma Gandhi ji wanted to join Khilafat issue ?
Answer : In order to spawn communal harmony, Mahatma Gandhi ji aimed to join Khilafat issue.

Question. What were the demands of peasants in Awadh ?
Answer : The peasants of Awadh demanded lessening of revenues, elimination of begar, and social boycott of oppressive landlords.

Question. Why did Indians oppose the ‘Simon Commission`?*
Answer : Indians opposed the ‘Simon Commission’ because this commission was set up to give an account of how the Indian Constitution was working without having any Indian representation.

Question. Who was Baba Ramchandra ?
Answer : Baba Ramchandra, a Sanyasi, was the leader of the peasant’s revolt in Awadh.

Question.What was ‘Kheda Movement’ ?
Answer : The Kheda Movement was the second Satyagraha Movement that took place in 1917 at Kheda district in Gujarat, India.

 Question. Who formed Swaraj Party ?
Answer : C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj Party within the congress.

Three Marks Questions

Question. How did the Indian merchants and industrialists protect their interest?
Answer : I. To organize business interests, they formed the Indian Industrial and commercial Congress in 1920 end the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and industries (FICCI) in 1927.
II. These organizations were led by Purushottam Das Thakur Das and G.D. Birla.
III. The Industrialists attacked the Colonial control over the Indian economy and supported the civil disobedience movement when it was first launched.
IV. They gave financial help and refused to buy or sell imported goods.

Question. How was civil disobedience movement different from the non-cooperation movement?
Answer : I. The Non-cooperation movement was started to support the Khilafat movement in 1920 while the civil disobedience movement was started to get complete Independence in 1930.
II. The non-cooperation movement was the first mass Movement in which large number of peasants participated where as in civil disobedience movement a large number of women participated.
III. People were asked not to co-operate with British during the non-cooperation movement, whereas people were asked not to co-operate and to violate colonial laws in civil disobedience movement.

Question. what were the main features of the Gandhi-Irwin pact?
Answer : I. Gandhi-Irwin pact which was signed in March 1931.
II. By this fact, the Congress agreed to join the second round table conference in London.
III. According to this agreement the government agreed to release all political Prisoners.
IV. Gandhi ji should attend the second round table conference.
V. And he should call of the civil disobedience movement.

Question. What was Khilafat issue? How did it become part of the Nationalist movement?
Answer : - Turkey was under Ottoman Empire.
- The ruler of Turkey was called Khalifa.
- He was the spiritual leader of Muslims all around the world.
- Britain defeated Turkey in world war.
- Britain deththroned the existing Khalifa and appointed A new Khalifa in his place.
- It caused the wide spread anger among the Muslims all over the world.
- In India also Muslims started protesting against the British by forming Khilafat committee under the leadership of Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali.
- Gandhiji saw this as golden opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of a unified struggle against British.
- Gandhiji convinced all Congress leader to support Khilafat movement in support of Swaraj.

Question. What was Simon Commission? Why Indians opposed it?
OR
Why did Simon Commission visit India? Why was it boycotted?
Answer : - Britain constituted a statutory commission under John Simon.
- It was set up in response to the Nationalist movement.
- The main objective of this Commission was to review the constitutional system of India and suggest changes.
- The problem was that there was no single Indian member in the commission. They were all British.
- So Indians started to oppose this Simon Commission.

Question. Mention some of the early political agitations of Mahatma Gandhi in India.
Answer : Early political movements of Mahatma Gandhi in India –
1. After arriving in India, Mahatma Gandhi successfully organized Satyagraha movements in various places.
2. In 1916, he traveled to Champaran in Bihar to inspire the peasants to struggle against the oppressive plantation system.
3. In 1917, He organized a Satyagraha to support the peasants of Kheda district of Gujarat. they were affected by crop failure and a plague epidemic so the peasants of Kheda could not pay the revenue and they were demanding for relaxation in revenue collection.
4. In 1918, Mahatma Gandhi went to Ahmedabad to organize a Satyagraha movement amongst cotton mill workers.

Question. How did the First world war help in the growth of national movement in India?
OR
State the implications of the first world war on India’s freedom struggle?
OR
How the post first world war scenario in India was responsible in instigating the Anti-British feelings among Indians?
Answer : Implications of World War first
1. World war created a new economic and political situation all around the world.
2. Britain was under a huge war expenditure which was financed by war loans and increasing taxes.
3. Custom duty were raised and Income Tax was introduced.
4. The price rise was double during the war years. It lead to extreme hardship for the common people.
5. Forced recruitment of soldiers in the rural areas caused widespread anger.
6. At the same time failure of crops in many parts of India.
7. Same time, influenza epidemic broke out.
All the factors together were responsible to the growth of anti-British feeling among the Indians.

Question. What is meant by the idea of ‘Satyagraha’?
OR
‘A Satyagrahi wins the battle through non-violence.’ Explain with examples.
Answer : The idea of Satyagraha
1.The idea of Satyagraha emphasized the power of truth and the need to search for truth.
2. If the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor.
3. A satyagrahi could win the battle through non-violence.
4. This could be done by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor.
5. People, including the oppressors, had to be persuaded to see the truth, instead of being forced to accept truth through use of violence.
6. By this struggle, truth was bound to ultimately triumph.

Question. Who was Alluri Sitaram Raju?
OR
Write a short note on Raju’s contribution in the NCM among the tribals.
Answer : - Alluri sitarama Raju was an interesting character.
- He led the NCM among the tribals in gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh.
- He claimed that he had a variety of special power.
- He could make correct astrological predictions.
- He could Heal treat the people he could even survive Bullet shots.
- Raju was inspired by Mahatma Gandhi and his non-cooperation movement.
- He told the hill people to wear Khadi and give up drinking.
- But, Raju believe that Swaraj could be achieved only through the use of violence.
- Raju was captured and executed in 1924.

Question. Why did Gandhi ji start the civil disobedience movement?
OR
Why did Gandhi ji considered salt as a powerful symbol of national movement against the British?
OR
What was the Salt Satyagraha ( The Dandi March)
Answer : I.Congress declared full Independence at the Lahore session in 1929.
II. Congress decided to launch civil disobedience movement to get complete Independence.
III. Gandhiji send the letter to Lord Irwin stating 11 demands on 31 January 1930.
IV. The most important demand was to abolish the salt tax.
V. Salt was consumed by the rich and the poor and it was one of the most essential items of food.
VI.Mahatma Gandhi found salt as a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.
VII. The government imposed tax on salt and monopoly over its production.
VIII. Mahatma Gandhi declared it as the most oppressive face of British rule.
IX. Gandhiji give an ultimatum to the British that if the demands were not fulfilled by 11 March Congress would launch a civil disobedience campaign.
X. Since the demands were not accepted, Mahatma Gandhi started his famous Dandi March accompanied by 38 of his trusted volunteers.
XI. The march was over 240 miles from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi.
XII. The volunteers walked for 24 days about 10 miles a day.
XIII.Gandhiji reached Dandi and violated the law producing salt by boiling sea water on 6 April.
XIV. This marked the beginning of the civil disobedience movement.

Question. How did the plantation workers conceived the idea of non-cooperation movement? OR What did Swaraj mean for the workers of plantation?
Answer : - Under the inland emigration act of 1859, plantation workers were not allowed to leave the tea gardens without permission & they were rarely given such permission .
- When the heard of non-cooperation, they believed that Gandhi raj is coming and everyone would given land in their own villages.
- Thousands of workers disobeyed the owners, left the plantations and went home.
- They never reached their homes. They were caught by the police and brutally beaten up.

Question. Why the non-cooperation movement failed early in towns?
OR
Why was the non-cooperation movement slowed down in cities?
Answer : The non-cooperation movement in the cities gradually slowed down for a variety of reasons.
- Khadi was too much expensive than the British produced mill cloth.
- Poor people could not afford to wear Khadi.
- For the movement to be successful, alternative Indian institutions had to be opened but its process was very slow.
- Teachers and children started going back to their schools.
- Lawyers started going back to their courts.

Question. Describe briefly any three economic effects of the non-cooperation movement.
Answer : I. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed and foreign cloth burnt in the huge bonfires.
II. The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921and 1922. Its value dropped from rupees 102 crore to Rupees 57 crore.
III. In many places merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods.Question. What were the reasons for the launching of the Non-cooperation movement? OR What was Gandhiji’s idea behind launching it as stated in his book Hind Swaraj?

OR
Why Gandhiji decided to launch non co-operation movement?
Answer : - Gandhi ji declared in his book “Hind Swaraj” in 1909.
- He believed that British rule was established in India with the co-operation of Indians and had survived only because of this cooperation.
- If Indian refused to co-operate British rule in India, it would collapse within a year.
- And finally we would achieve Swaraj.

Question. How did the non-cooperation movement unfold? Who participated in it? How did different social group conceive of the idea of Non-Cooperation?
OR
How did non co-operation movement become a mass movement?
OR
How did different social groups conceive the idea of non- cooperation?
Answer : - Movement in towns steps taken for the success of non cooperation movementI. In towns, the moment started with middle class participation in the cities.
- Thousands of students left their government controlled schools and colleges.
- Headmaster and teachers resigned.
- Lawyers give up their legal practices.
- Foreign goods were boycotted.
- Foreign clothes were burnt in huge bonfire.
- Liquor shops were picketed.
- The Council elections were boycotted.

Question. Write a note on the Rowlatt Act.
OR
Why Indians were outraged by the Rowlatt Act?
Answer : The Rowlatt Act
1. British government hurriedly passed an act in respect to Gandhiji’s idea of Satyagraha.
2. This act gave the government enormous power to repress political activities.
3. It also allowed detention of political Prisoners without trial for 2 years.
Protest of Rowlatt Act/RowlattSatyagraha :-
1.Gandhi ji decided to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed act in 1919.
2. He wanted nonviolent civil disobedience against search unjust laws.
3 Which would start with hartal on 6 April.
Steps taken in Rowlatt Satyagraha
1. Rallies were organized in various cities.
2. Workers went on strike in railway workshop.
3. Shops closed down.
4. Afraid of this moment, the British administration decided to start repression on Nationalists.
5. Mahatma Gandhi was barred from entering Delhi and Martial Law was imposed