CBSE Class 10 Geography Resources And Development Worksheet Set E

1. Read the source given below and answer the following questions:

Energy is a basic requirement for economic development. Every sector of the national economy – agriculture, industry, transport, commercial and domestic – needs inputs of energy. The economic development plans implemented since Independence necessarily required increasing amounts of energy to remain operational. As a result, consumption of energy in all forms has been steadily rising all over the country. In this background, there is an urgent need to develop a sustainable path of energy development. Promotion of energy conservation and increased use of renewable energy sources are the twin planks of sustainable energy. India is presently one of the least energy efficient countries in the world. We have to adopt a cautious approach for the judicious use of our limited energy resources. For example, as concerned citizens we can do our bit by using public transport systems instead of individual vehicles; switching off electricity when not in use, using power-saving devices and using non-conventional sources of energy. After all, “energy saved is energy produced”.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option.

Question: How will using public transport systems instead of individual vehicles help us?
a) saving resources
b) saving energy
c) saving vehicles
d) all of the options
Answer: b

Question: There is an urgent need of _________ development.
a) unsustainable
b) sustainable
c) non-energy
d) none of the options
Answer: b

Question: Meaning of sustainable:
a) viable
b) temporary
c) conserve
d) none of the options
Answer: d

Question: What is considered to be the basic requirement of economic development?
a) resources
b) energy
c) technology
d) citizens
Answer: b

2. Read the source given below and answer the following questions:

Individual Resources: These are also owned privately by individuals. Many farmers own land which is allotted to them by government against the payment of revenue.

In villages there are people with land ownership but there are many who are landless. Urban people own plots, houses and other property. Plantation, pasture lands, ponds, water in wells etc. are some of the examples of resources ownership by individuals.

Community owned resources: There are resources which are accessible to all the members of the community. Village commons (grazing grounds, burial grounds, village ponds, etc.) public parks, picnic spots, playgrounds in urban areas are de facto accessible to all the people living there.

National Resources: Technically, all the resources belong to the nation. The country has legal powers to acquire even private property for public good. You might have seen roads, canals, railways being constructed on fields owned by some individuals. Urban Development Authorities get empowered by the government to acquire land.

All the minerals, water resources, forests, wildlife, land within the political boundaries and oceanic area up to 12 nautical miles (22.2 km) from the coast termed as territorial water and
resources therein belong to the nation. International Resources: There are international institutions which regulate some resources. The oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to open ocean and no individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of international institutions.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option.

Question: Which one of the following is an example of Biotic Resources?
a) Rock
b) Mountain
c) Mineral
d) Flora
Answer: d

Question: The resources which are owned by the community are:
a) Plantation
b) Pasture land
c) Ponds
d) all of the options
Answer: d

Question: The oceanic resources beyond 200 km of the Exclusive Economic Zone can be termed as which of the following types of resource?
a) Individual resources
b) Community owned resources
c) National resources
d) International resources
Answer: d

Question: On the basis of ownership, plantations can be better considered as which of the following types of resources?
a) Individual resource
b) Community owned resource
c) National resource
d) International resource
Answer: a

3. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:

Resource planning is a complex process which involves: (i) identification and inventor of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources. (ii) evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans (iii) Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans India has made concerted efforts for achieving the goals of resource planning right from the First Five Year Plan launched after Independence. The availability of resources is a necessary condition for the development of any region, but mere availability of resources in the absence of corresponding changes in technology and institutions may hinder development. There are many regions in our country that are rich in resources but these are included in economically backward regions. On the contrary there are some regions which have a poor resource base but they are economically developed. The history of colonisation reveals that rich resources in colonies were the main attractions for the foreign invaders. It was primarily the higher level of technological development of the colonising countries that helped them to exploit resources of other regions and establish their supremacy over the colonies. Therefore, resources can contribute to development only when they are accompanied by appropriate technological development and institutional changes.

India has experienced all this in different phases of colonisation. Therefore, in India, development in general, and resource development in particular do not only involve the availability of resources, but also the technology, quality of human resources and the historical experiences of the people.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option.

Question: What was main attraction of foreign invaders to India?
a) architecture
b) resource
c) irrigation method
d) spices
Answer: b

Question: Resource planning is essential for __________ existence of all forms of life.
a) ecological balance
b) sustainable
c) exploitation
d) None of the options
Answer: b

Question: Which of the following is essential for sustainable existence of all forms of life?
a) Resource planning
b) Resource management
c) Resource extraction
d) Resource generation
Answer: a

Question: From which Five Year Plan has India made concerted efforts for achieving the goals of resource planning?
a) First Five Year Plan
b) Fifth Five Year Plan
c) Annual Plans
d) Tenth Five Year Plan
Answer: a

Multiple Choice Questions

Question: Black soil is also called:
a) Bangar
b) Khadar
c) Regur
d) Humus
Answer: c

Question: In which one of the following States is terrace cultivation practised?
a) Punjab
b) Plains of U.P.
c) Haryana
d) Uttaranchal
Answer: d

Question: Red soil is reddish in colour due to:
a) High clay content
b) Presence of kankar nodules in the subsoil
c) Diffusion of iron in igneous and metamorphic rocks
d) High moisture content
Answer: c

Question: Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
a) Intensive cultivation
b) Deforestation
c) Over-irrigation
d) Overgrazing
Answer: c

Question: Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area is known as:
a) Net sown area
b) Forest cover
c) Waste land
d) Gross cropped area
Answer: d

Question: In which of the following States mining has caused severe land degradation?
a) Gujarat
b) Jharkhand
c) Kerala
d) Uttarakhand
Answer: b

Question: Resources that take long geological time for their formation are called:
a) Renewable resources
b) Reserve
c) Community resources
d) Non-renewable resources
Answer: d

Question: What percentage of our land should be under forest according to the National Forest Policy (1952)?
a) 33
b) 22.5
c) 31
d) 30
Answer: a

Question: Which one of the following type of resource is iron ore?
a) Renewable
b) Biotic
c) Flow
d) Non-renewable
Answer: d

Question: Which is the most common soil of Northern India?
a) Black soil
b) Laterite soil
c) Alluvial soil
d) Red soil
Answer: c

Question: Land that is left uncultivated for more than five agricultural years is called:
a) Pasture land
b) Culturable waste land
c) Current fallow
d) Barren land
Answer: b

Question: Red soil is mostly found in:
a) Parts of Jammu & Kashmir
b) Upper Ganga Plains
c) Eastern and Southern part of Deccan Plateau
d) none of the options
Answer: c

Assertion-Reason Questions

DIRECTION: Mark the option which is most suitable:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.

1.
Assertion. Alluvial soil is ideal for growth of paddy, wheat, cereal and pulse crops.
Reason. Alluvial soil is well-known for its capacity to hold moisture.
Answer : (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
Alluvial soil contains adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid and lime which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereal and pulse crops. It is porous and this property makes it ideal for the growth of wheat, paddy, cereal and pulse crops.

2.
Assertion. The availability of resources is not the only necessary condition for the development of any region.
Reason. Not only availability of resources but also corresponding change in technology is necessary for the development of any region.
Answer : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Mere availability of resources in the absence of corresponding changes in technology and institutions may hinder development. Thus, both resources and advanced technologies contribute in development of a region.

3.
Assertion. Resources are free gifts of nature. 
Reason. Resources like soil, air, water are easily available in nature.
Answer : (d) Both assertion and reason are false.
Resources are not free gifts of nature but are present due to interaction of human beings with nature, technology and institutions. They are a function ofhuman activities. They transform material available in our environment into resources.

4.
Assertion. Land is a natural resource of utmost importance.
Reason. Land can be used for various purposes.
Answer : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Land is a natural resource of utmost importance as it supports human life and wild life, economic activities like agriculture, mining, transport and communication system.

5.
Assertion. Resource planning is an easy process in India.
Reason. Resource planning involves planning structure, identification and inventory of resource across the regions.
Answer : (d) Both assertion and reason are false.
Resource planning is not an easy but a very complex process as it involves surveying, mapping,
quantitative and qualitative estimation and measurement of the resources.

6.
Assertion. Soil is the most important renewable natural resource.
Reason. Soil supports different types of living organisms on earth.
Answer : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Soil is a living system. Soil helps to grow plants,
supports natural vegetation and economic activities like agriculture. Its universal usage proves that it is the most important renewable natural resource.

7.
Assertion. Processes of soil formation and erosion go simultaneously and create a balance between the two.
Reason. The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is soil erosion.
Answer : (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
Soil formation and erosion go simultaneously but this balance is disturbed due to human activities like deforestation, over-grazing, construction and mining. Natural forces like wind, glacier and water lead to soil erosion.

8.
Assertion. Arid soil is unsuitable for cultivation.
Reason. Arid soil is generally sandy in texture and saline in nature. It restricts the filtration of water.
Answer : (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
Due to dry climate and high temperature, evaporation is faster and the soil lacks humus and moisture that is why it becomes unfit for cultivation.

9.
Assertion. Control on mining activities does not control land degradation.
Reason. In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, deforestation has occurred due to overgrazing, not mining.
Answer : (d) Both assertion and reason are false.
Activities of mining cause land degradation because mining sites are abandoned after excavation work.
This results in over-burdening. Mining activities in the mentioned states has contributed to deforestation.

10.
Assertion. Terrace cultivation does not restrict erosion.
Reason. Running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels as gullies. This helps to cultivate crops.
Answer : (d) Both assertion and reason are false.
Terraces, out on slopes in forms of steps break up the force of the wind, thus preventing erosion. The gullies render cultivation in those lands impossible

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question: Give one example of the main commercial crop cultivable in laterite soil.
Answer: Tea/coffee.

Question: Which type of soil is most suitable for growing the crop of cashew nut ?
Answer: Soil for the growth of Cashew nuts: Red Laterite soil.

Question: Classify resources on the basis of exhaustibility.
Answer: On the basis of exhaustibility, resources can be classified as:
1. Renewable/ Non-exhaustible resources
2. Non-renewable/ Exhaustible resources.

Question: Read the features of a soil and name the related soil:
1. This soil ranges from red to brown in colour.
2. It is generally sandy in texture and is saline.
3. It lacks humus and moisture.
Answer: Arid soil is the soil that has all these features.

Question: “Degradation of land is a cause of worry.” Give one reason to support the statement.
Answer: Degradation of land is a cause of worry because it can cause ecological imbalance. 

Question: How is overgrazing responsible for land degradation in Gujarat? 
Answer: Overgrazing is responsible for land degradation in Gujarat because the extensive grazing for long and repeated periods leaves less time for propre vegetation to grow and thus the land and it is soil particles are left loose thereby degrading the overall quality of the land. Related Theory  Overgrazing refers to what happens when livestock feeds on pasture to the point where there is no vegetation left.

Question: “Conservation of resource is vital for development.” Give one example regarding the statement.
Answer: Conservation of resources: afforestation, water treatment.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question: ‘‘Resource planning is a complex process.’’ Support the statement with arguments.
Answer: Resource planning is a complex process because:
(1) Resource planning involves identifying resources which are available in different parts of the country. This is a time consuming process as it involves surveying and mapping various regions of the country. Then, the quality and quantity of the available minerals also needs to be estimated.
(2) Resource planning is a complicated process as it involves the use of specialised technology, skill sets and requires setting up many institutions for the execution of resource development plans.
(3) One of the daunting tasks is to match and align resource development plans with national development plans. Related Theory Resource planning is the judicious use of resources. Resource planning becomes more important in a country like India, where resources are not distributed properly.

Question: Describe any three main features of ‘alluvial soil’ found in India.
Answer: Features of the alluvial soil are as:
(1) It is formed by the deposition of the river load as it flows from its upper to its lower course.
(2) It is light and porous, therefore easily tillable.
(3) It is a fertile soil as it is rich in minerals, especially potash and lime.
(4) It is suitable for the growth of a large variety of rabi and kharif crops.
(5) Soils in the drier areas are more alkaline.

Question: Classify resources of the basis of their origin.
Answer: Types of resources on the basis of origin are as follows:
(1) Biotic Resources: These resources are obtained from biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock etc.
(2) Abiotic Resources: All those things which are composed of non-living things are called abiotic resources. For example, rocks and metals etc.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question: What is meant by conservation of resources? Mention any four steps taken at global level to conserve resources.
Answer: Resources are vital for development and also to satisfy human needs and aspirations. But irrational consumption and over-utilisation of resources may lead to socio-economic and environmental problems. To overcome these problems, resource conservation at various levels is important. Even once Mahatma Gandhi raised his concern about resource conservation in these words, “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for any body’s greed. He was against mass production and wanted to replace it with the production by the masses. Steps taken at global level for the conservation of resources are as follows:
(1) The club of Rome advocated resource conservation for the first time in a more systematic way in 1968.
(2) In 1974, Gandhi ji’s philosophy was presented by Schumacher in his book ‘Small is Beautiful’.
(3) In 1987, the Brundtland Commission Report introduced the concept of sustainable development as a means for resource conservation.
(4) In 1992, the first Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil made significant contribution towards the conservation of resources.

Question: What is land degradation? Suggest any four steps to control land degradation.
Answer: Continuous use of land over a long period of time without taking appropriate measures to conserve and manage it, has resulted in land degradation. This has serious repercussions on society and the environment. Following steps can be taken to control the land degradation:
(1) Afforestation and proper management of grazing can help to some extent
(2) Planting of shelter belts of plants.
(3) Control on over grazing, stabilization of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes
(4) Proper management of waste lands, control of mining activities, proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and wastes after treatment can reduce land and water degradation in industrial and suburban areas.