CBSE Class 10 Geography Manufacturing Industries Worksheet Set D

Case Based

Read the case/source given and answer the questions that follow by choosing the correct option.

India stands second as a world producer of sugar but occupies the first place in the production of gur and khandsari. The raw material used in this industry is bulky, and in haulage its sucrose content reduces. The mills are located in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh. Sixty per cent mills are in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. This industry is seasonal in nature so, it is ideally suited to the cooperative sector. Can you explain why this is so? In recent years, there is a tendency for the mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and western states, especially in Maharashtra; this is because the cane produced here has higher sucrose content. The cooler climate also ensures a longer crushing season. Moreover, the cooperatives are more successful in these states. Major challenges include the seasonal nature of the industry, old and inefficient methods of production, transport delay in reaching cane to factories and the need to maximise the use of bagasse.

(i) Fill in the blank from the given options:

Question: India stands second as a world producer of sugar but occupies the first place in the production of gur and khandsari. Sugar industry comes under …………… group of industries.
(a) Public sector
(b) Cooperative sector
(c) Private sector
(d) Joint sector venture
Answer: b

Question: Read the following statements about cooperative sector and find the incorrect from the given options.
I. Cooperative Sector is owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both.
II. This sector pools in the resources and share the profits or losses proportionately.
III. This sector is jointly run by the state and individuals or a group of individuals.
Codes
(a) Only I
(b) Both I and II
(c) Only III
(d) Both I and III
Answer: c

Question: Why sugar mills are perfectly convenient for the sector in which industries owned by suppliers or producers of raw materials, workers or both? With reference to the above context, infer the appropriate option.
(a) Because this industry is seasonal in nature.
(b) Dueto its efficient methods of production.
(c) Due to better transport system.
(d) Because raw material are bulky.
Answer: a

Question: Why there is a high concentration of sugar mills in Uttar Pradesh? Select the best suitable option from the following in reference to the context.
(a) Because Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer of sugarcane.
(b) Because labour is easily available in Uttar Pradesh.
(c) Due to high consumption in Uttar Pradesh.
(d) All of the above
Answer: a

Question: Why Sugar industries are shifting to the South and the West? Identify the best suitable reason from the given options.
(a) Due to cooler climate in these areas.
(b) Due to success of cooperative movement in these areas.
(c) Due to higher sucrose content in the sugarcanes cultivated in these areas.
(d) All of the above
Answer: d

Question: Which of the following is not a major challenge for sugar industry? Select the best suitable option from the following.
(a) Traditional methods of production
(b) Need to maximise the use of bagasse
(c) Availability of water
(d) Seasonal nature of this industry
Answer: c

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question: What is the full form of NMCC?
Answer: National Manufacturing Competitiveness council. Related Theory NMCC has been set up to increase productivity of manufacturers by incorporating appropriate policy interventions.

Question: What is a basic industry?
Answer: Example-Iron and steel industry. Explanation: Basic industries are also known as key industries. For example, aluminum smelting, copper smelting.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question: Why is iron and steel industry called the basic industry? What are the problems faced by this industry?
Or
Explain any three problems faced by Iron and Steel industry in India. 
Answer: Iron and steel industry is known as the basic industry because all the other industries (heavy, medium and light) depend on it for their machinery and products. Problems faced by this industry are (i) The finished goods of this industry are heavy and bulky that require heavy transportations costs.
(ii) There is limited availability of coking coal and productivity of labour is low. Other problems are irregular supply of energy and poor infrastructure.

Question: Describe the importance of manufacturing.
OR
Describe the importance of manufacturing sector in countries like India.
OR
“Manufacturing sector is considered as the backbone of economic development of the country.” support the statement with examples.
Answer: The economic strength of a country lies in the development of manufacturing industries because:
(i) Manufacturing industries help in modernising agriculture which forms the backbone of our economy.
(ii) It reduces the heavy dependence of people on the agriculture sector and creates jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
(iii) It is necessary for the removal of unemployment and poverty.
(iv) It brings down regional disparities.
(v) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and enhances prosperity.
(vi) It brings much needed foreign exchange.

Question: Mention any two factors that have contributed to a healthy growth of the automobile industry in India. Name two centres where this industry is located.
Answer: Two factors contributing to healthy growth of the automobile sector are
(i) Liberalisation is one of the major factors which provided boost in the growth of the automobile industry in India.With the introduction of new and contemporary models of automobiles in the country, the demand for these vehicles increased at a faster pace.
(ii) With the introduction of new technology in this sector, Indian industries are now capable to compete with the global technologies. This could happen by Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Two major centres where this industry is located are Gurugram and Indore.

Question: How do industries create thermal and noise pollution? Mention their consequences.
Answer: Industries create thermal and noise pollution in the following ways ! Thermal pollution of water bodies occurs when hot water from factories and thermal power plants is released into them before cooling. The consequence of thermal pollution are that aquatic life in the water bodies can be killed. This includes plants as well as fish. ! Noise pollution is generated by the unbearable noise from industrial and construction activities, machinery, generators, pneumatic and electric tools. The consequences of noise polutions create irritation, anger, stress, hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure among other physiological effects.

Question: What are mineral based industries? Give four examples.
Answer: Industries that use minerals and metals as raw materials are called mineral based industries. Four examples of mineral based industries are
(i) The Iron and Steel Industry All other industries depend on it for their machinery.
(ii) Chemical Industry It contributes approximately 3 per cent of India’s GDP.
(iii) Fertiliser Industry It is centered around the production of nitrogenous, phosphatic, ammonium phosphate and complex fertiliser.
(iv) Cement Industry This requires limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum as raw materials.

Question: Explain any three factors responsible for the location of cotton textile industry in Mumbai and Ahmedabad.
Answer: (i) Availability of raw cotton, market, transport including accessible port facilities.
(ii) Cheap labour.
(iii) Moist climate has caused the concentration of cotton textile industries in Mumbai and Ahmedabad region.

Question: Why is cotton textile industry the largest industry in India today? Give any three reasons.
Answer: (i) Cotton textile industry contributes 14 per cent of the total industrial production.
(ii) It provides employment to 35 million persons directly – the second largest after agriculture.
(iii) It earns foreign exchange of about 24.6 per cent (4 per cent of GDP).

Question: What is manufacturing? How does manufacturing lead to value addition of the raw material? Explain with the help of examples. 
Answer: Production of goods in large quantities by processing of raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing. Manufacturing leads to value addition of the raw material as people employed in the secondary activities manufacture the primary materials into finished goods. These finished goods are more useful, hence more in value. For example, paper is manufactured from wood, sugar from sugarcane, iron and steel from iron ore, aluminium from bauxite, etc. Thus, raw materials are transformed into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value. Countries that transform in this way are prosperous.

Question: Read the source given below and answer the question that follows: Consequently, manufacturing activity tends to locate at the most appropriate place where all the factors of industrial location are either available or can be arranged at lower cost. After an industrial activity starts, urbanisation follows. “Industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand”. Explain and validate the statement.
Answer: As soon as any industrial activity starts in a town, urbanisation follows. Industry provides employment to skilled and semiskilled labourers in large numbers. Population migrates from rural hinterlands to seek jobs in these industries. Once mass migration occurs, the town develops its housing and transportation facilities to accommodate these people. Schools, colleges, markets, hospitals and other infrastructural facilities follow once the living standard of the inhabitants is capable enough to support them. Slowly, an uninhabited town becomes a fully-functional city with all kinds of facilities available for its citizens. Thus Industrialisation and Urbanisation go hand in hand.

Question: How do industrial units cause air pollution? Explain. 
Answer: Industrial units cause air pollution in the following ways:
(1) Industries that ignore pollution norms cause air pollution created by the presence of high proportion of gases.
(2) Air borne particulate materials contain both solid and liquid particles, which get released into the atmosphere during production.
(3) Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants and burning of fossil fuels belong to the major polluting industries.

Question: ‘In recent years, there is a tendency for the sugar mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and western states, especially in Maharashtra.’ Give three reasons to justify the statement.
Answer: Three reasons due to which sugar mills are shifting to southern and western states of India are as follows:
(1) The sugarcane produced here has a higher sucrose content.
(2) The cooler climate also ensures a longer crushing season.
(3) The cooperatives are more successful in these states.

Question: “India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world. Net we are not able to perform to our full potential.” Suggest and explain any three measures to get full potential.
Answer: India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world. Yet we are not able to perform to our full potential. The following measures can be adopted to reach full potential: 
(1) The availability of coking coal should be increased and its cost should be reduced by importing it from other countries or using the latest technology.
(2) The productivity of labour should be increased by encouraging them to work hard and giving them a healthy environment to work.
(3) The supply of energy and electricity should be improved by introducing the latest technology and machinery.
(4) The infrastructure, machines and technology should be updated with time.

Question: Why was the cotton textile industry concentrated in the cotton growing belt in the early years? Explain.
Answer: In the early years, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat due to availability of raw cotton, market, transport including accessible port facilities, labour, moist climate, etc. This industry has close links with agriculture and provides a living to farmers, cotton ball pluckers and workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing. The industry by creating demands supports many other industries, such as chemicals and dyes, mill stores, packaging materials and engineering works. All these factors determine location of cotton mill in early years.

Question: Examine how industrial pollution of freshwater can be reduced. Or Suggest any three measures to reduce the industrial pollution of freshwater resources.
Answer: The industrial pollution of freshwater resources can be reduced in the following ways (i) Restructuring the manufacturing processes in various industries to reduce or eliminate pollutants through pollution prevention methods.
(ii) Creating man-made cooling ponds designed to cool heated effluent waters of industries by evaporation, condensation and radiation.
(iii) Filtration of the sewage in water treatment plants before dumping it into water bodies.

Question: Describe any three major problems faced by the cotton textile industry in India.
Answer: Major problems faced by the cotton textile industry in India are as follows:
(1) Most of the production is carried out in fragmented small units. Thus, cotton weavers are unable to reap benefits which come with large scale production.
(2) Power supply is erratic and irregular in nature, which makes production a time consuming process
(3) Machinery used by the weavers is outdated.
(4) Labourers are unskilled and have low productivity.
(5) Textile industry faces stiff competition from synthetic fibre industry.
(6) Most of the high quality yarn is not used by Indian weavers as it is exported.

Question: Describe the importance of the cotton textile industry in the Indian economy.
Answer: The importance of the cotton textile industry in the Indian economy is:
(1) The textile industry occupies a unique position in the Indian economy because of its significant contributions towards industrial production, employment generation, and foreign exchange earnings.
(2) Additionally, it is the only industry which is self-reliant and complete in its value chain. Hence its production employs multiple people at all stages..
(3) The industry has close links with agriculture and provides a living to many people (farmers, cotton ball pluckers, dyers, designers, etc.). It therefore supports many other industries, such as chemicals and dyes, mill stores, packaging materials and engineering works.
(4) The hand spun khadi also provides large scale employment to weavers in the cottage industry.

Question: Describe the importance of manufacturing industries as a backbone of economic development of the country.
OR
Explain with examples the interdependence of agriculture and industries.
Answer: The manufacturing sector is considered as the backbone of economic development of a country because:
(1) The manufacturing sector provides employment to a large number of people in the industrial as well as service sectors.
(2) It helps in increasing agricultural productivity by modernising agriculture.
(3) It also helps in minimising regional disparities by setting up industries in tribal and backward areas of the country.
(4) It leads to the economic development of the country by getting foreign exchange in return of trading goods.
(5) It also leads to the expansion of trade and commerce.
(6) It helps in the transformation of raw materials into furnished goods that are higher in price and value.

Question: Classify industries on the basis of capital investment. How are they different from one another? Explain with examples. 
Answer: On the basis of capital investment, the classification can be as:
(1) Small scale industries
(2) Large scale industries Small scale industries are differentiated from large scale industries on the basis of the investment made. The limit of investment changes with time. At present, the maximum investment allowed is rupees one crore for a small scale industry, whereas if investment is more than rupees one crore for an industry, then it is known as a large scale industry. Paper, toys, utensils, etc. are examples of small scale industries, whereas cement, iron, etc. are examples of large scale industries.

Question: Distinguish between an integrated steel plant and a mini steel plant in three points.
Answer: Three points of differences between an integrated steel plant and a mini steel plant are as follows:
(1) An integrated steel plant is larger than a mini steel plant.
(2) An integrated steel plant uses iron ore for making steel while mini steel plant uses scrap and sponge iron to produce steel.
(3) An integrated steel plant produces only steel while mini steel plant produces mild and alloy steel.

Question: Explain any three problems faced by cotton textile industries in India. 
Answer: Three problems faced by cotton textile industries in India are
(i) Power supply is erratic. Regular power supply without breaks is essential for this industry.
(ii) Output of labour is low because the machinery is outdated. Particularly in the weaving and processing sectors, the machinery needs to be upgraded.
(iii) This industry faces stiff competition from the synthetic fibre industry in terms of cost and convenience of use. 6. Mention any six factors responsible for the location of jute mills in the Hugli basin. 
Answer: Factors responsible for location of jute mills in the Hugli basin are
(i) Proximity of the jute producing areas.
(ii) Inexpensive water transport, supported by a good network of railways and roadways.
(iii) Abundance of water for processing raw jute.
(iv) Availability of cheap labour from nearby areas.
(v) Facilities for export of jute goods. (vi) Banking, insurance and other commercial facilities to jute industry.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question: ‘The challenge of sustainable development requires control over industrial pollution.’Substantiate the statement with examples.
Answer: (1) On one hand Industries lead to extensive industrial growth and expansion, other hand these are also the cause of environmental degeneration which prompt to the different type of air, water pollution.
(2) There is an increasing requirement to use a further sustainable model. 
(3) Industries must produce eco-friendly products and dump wastes responsibly (4) Use of latest technology can help industries to control pollution and lead towards sustainable mode of operation.
(5) Industries use- Reuse-Recycle-Refuse approach.
(6) If necessary, dump waste in specified places, away from the land and water sources, for example- before dumping treat well and make useful forother than drinking purpose,stop using thermal plants in some of the locations.

Question: Which factor plays the most dominant role in the ideal location of an industry? Explain any three reasons in support of this factor.
Answer: Least cost factor plays the most dominant role for the ideal location of an industry due to the following reasons
(i) Cost of obtaining raw material at the factory site should be minimum i.e. raw materials should be available nearby or may be transported cheaply to the industrial location.
(ii) The factory should be located as such that the manufactured products may easily be distributed or transported to the market at the least cost by rail, road or water transport.
(iii) Cost of manufacturing at the factory site should be low. This means that trained experienced labour should be readily available locally or in nearby areas, electric power supply should be readily available and cheap. Also, land for locating the industry should be available at proper rates.

Question: Why does the textile industry occupy an important position in the Indian economy ? Explain.
Answer: Textile industry occupies unique position in Indian economy because
(i) Contribution to Industrial Production This industry is self-reliant and complete in the value chain, which means from production of cotton to processing of textiles, all the procedures are well developed and done in the country.
(ii) Employment Generation This industry generates employment for large number of persons directly or indirectly. (iii) Demand Creation Textile industries create demand for other industries such as chemicals, dyes, packaging materials, engineering works, handicrafts industry etc. (iv) Foreign Exchange Earnings By exporting the products of this industry, the country earns foreign exchange.
(v) Supports Agriculture This is a major agro-based industry of India and supports agriculture in a big way both by buying agricultural output (cotton) and by providing agricultural inputs (hybrid cotton seeds, implements).

Question: Describe any five factors responsible for the concentration of iron and steel industry in and around Chhota Nagpur Plateau region.
OR
Explain any five factors that are responsible for concentration of ‘iron and steel’ industries mainly in ‘Chhotanagpur Plateau Region’
Answer: Concentration of iron and steel industries in
Chhotanagpur Plateau Region :
(i) High grade raw material in proximity.
(ii) Availability of labour.
(iii) Raw materials as well as finished goods are heavy and bulky containing heavy transport cost.
(iv) Roads and railways transport facilities are available.
(v) Vast growth potential in the home market.
(vi) Low cost iron ore.

Question: Suggest any five measures to control industrial pollution in India.
Answer: Measures to control industrial pollution:
(1) Fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators.
(2) Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.
(3) Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers
(4) Almost all machinery can be redesigned to increase energy effciency a nd reduce noise.
(5) Noise absorbing material may be used apart from personal use of earplugs and earphones.

Question: How are industries responsible for environmental degradation in India? Explain with examples.
Answer: Industries are responsible for environmental degradation in India as they pollute the environment by polluting air, water and land in following ways
(i) Air Pollution Industries cause air pollution by the emission of gases from industrial complexes and power generation units. Leakage of poisonous gases and chemicals and smoke from chemical industries also lead to air pollution.
(iii) Water Pollution It is caused when industrial effluents both organic and inorganic are discharged into rivers or other water bodies. Industries like paper, pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries discharge detergents acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury, pesticides, fertilisers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastic and rubber, etc. into water bodies.
(iii) Thermal Pollution This pollution occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling. It badly affects the aquatic life. For example, wastes from nuclear power plants, nuclear and weapon production causes cancers, birth defects, miscarriages etc. Rain water percolates to the soil carrying the pollutants to the ground and thus ground water also gets contaminated.
(iv) Noise Pollution Undesirable noise pollution from industries like construction, running of generators to generate power, electrical drills, etc. is responsible for disturbing our environment. Noise pollution not only irritates us, but it also causes hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure etc.

Question: Explain any five factors that are responsible for the location of the jute mills mainly along the banks of the Hugli River.
Answer: Factors that are responsible for the location of the jute mills mainly along the banks of the Hugli River are:
(1) The proximity of the jute producing areas cuts down the transportation cost.
(2) Low-cost water transport, supported by a good network of railways, roadways and waterways, helps the movement of raw material to the mills.
(3) Presence of abundant water for processing raw jute.
(4) Cheap labour from West Bengal and adjoining states of Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh helps in cutting down the cost.
(5) Kolkata as an urban centre provides banking, insurance and port facilities for the export of jute goods.
(6) Kolkata port facility is available which helps to transport finished goods to other places easily.

Question: Describe the various physical and human factors responsible for the location of industries.
Answer: (i) Physical Factors :
(a) Availability of raw materials—Ideal location should be near the sources of raw materials.
(b) Power resources—Power resources like coal and electricity must be available for the industry.
(c) Water and favourable climate.
(ii) Human Factors :
(a) Cheap and efficient labour
(b) Capital and bank facilities
(c) Good market
(d) Transport facility

Question: Explain any two main challenges faced by the jute industry in India. Explain any three objectives of the National Jute Policy.
Answer: Challenges faced by the jute industry in India are: 
(1) Stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes.
(2) Supply competition from other jute producing nations like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand.
(3) Small farmers face hard competition from outside India. The major objective of the National Jute Policy, 2005 are:
(1) To increase productivity by producing more and providing material to farmers on lower rates.
(2) To improve quality by providing them good material.
(3) Ensuring fair prices for the jute farmers by fixing prices.
(4) Enhancing the yield per hectare.
(5) The internal demand for jute has been on the increase.
(6) The government made the use of jute packaging mandatory.

Question: “The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries.” Support the statement with arguments.
OR
Analyse the role of the manufacturing sector in the economic development of India.
OR
Why is the economic strength of a country measured by the development of manufacturing industries? Explain with examples.
Answer: The economic development of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries in the following ways –
(i) Manufacturing industries help in modernising agriculture which forms the backbone of our economy.
(ii) They reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
(iii) Industrial development is pre-condition for the eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country.
(iv) Manufacturing goods expand trade and commerce.
(v) Export brings in much needed foreign exchange.
(vi) Manufacturing is the process of value addition.
(vii) It also brings down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
(viii) It increases the GDP/ National Income of the country.

Question: What is the manufacturing sector ? Why is it considered the backbone of development? Interpret the reason.
Answer: Definition of Manufacturing Sector: Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing. It is considered as backbone of development because:
(1) It not only helps in modernising agriculture but also forms the backbone of our economy.
(2) Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country.
(3) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce.
(4) Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous.
(5) Any other relevant point.

Question: Why does the ‘Chota Nagpur Plateau region’ have the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries? Analyse the reasons. 
Or
Explain the reasons for concentration of iron and steel industries in and around Chotanagpur region.
Answer: The reasons/factors responsible for the concentration of iron and steel industries in and around the ‘Chotanagpur Plateau Region’ are
(i) Low Cost of Iron Ore Iron mines are located in the nearby areas. It helps to reduce the transportation cost of iron ore to the industries.
(ii) High Grade Raw Materials in Proximity Bulky raw materials like, coking coal, limestone are also available in proximity.
(iii) Availability of Cheap Labour From the adjoining areas of Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha, cheap labour is available in abundance.
(iv) Dense Transport Network This region is well connected with roadways and railways that help in the swift movement of raw materials and finished goods to the industry and market areas, respectively.
(v) Port Facilities Kolkata is a well developed port that is near to this area.