CBSE Class 10 Geography Minerals And Energy Resources Worksheet Set E

Question: Which one of the following states has the largest wind-farm cluster?
a) Himachal Pradesh
b) Tamil Nadu
c) Gujarat
d) Rajasthan
Answer: b

Question: Which one of the following minerals is contained in the Monazite sand?
a) Oil
b) Uranium
c) Thorium
d) Coal
Answer: c

Question: The Hazira – Vijaipur – Jagdishpur pipeline does not pass through this state.
a) Uttar Pradesh
b) Gujarat
c) Madhya Pradesh
d) Maharashtra
Answer: d

Question: Neyveli Lignite mines are located at –
a) Karnataka
b) Tamil Nadu
c) Chhattisgarh
d) Odisha
Answer: b

Question: Bailadila mines are located in which of the following states?
a) Madhya Pradesh
b) Chhattisgarh
c) Jharkhand
d) Odisha
Answer: b

Question: Which of the following minerals is mined at Balaghat mines?
a) Manganese
b) Aluminium
c) Copper
d) Limestone
Answer: c

Question: The largest solar power plant is located at –
a) Ahmedabad
b) Madhapur
c) Mahabalipuram
d) Thar Desert
Answer: b

Question: A person who studies the formation of minerals, their age and physical and chemical properties is called –
a) Geographer
b) Geophysicist
c) Geologist
d) Geomorphologist
Answer: c

Question: Kakrapar nuclear power station is located in the state of –
a) Maharashtra
b) Andhra Pradesh
c) Karnataka
d) Gujarat
Answer: b

Question: Which one of the following is not a conventional source of energy?
a) Cow dung
b) Firewood
c) Coal
d) Wind
Answer: d

Direction : Each of these questions contains two statements,
Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Each of these questions also has four alternative choices, any one of which is the correct answer. You have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true

Question: Assertion (A) Flood gate dams are built across rivers so that water flows into inlet and gets trapped during high tides.
Reason (R) Trapped water flows back via a pipe that carries it through a power generating turbine.
Answer: (d) A is false as floodgate dams are built across inlets so that during high tide water flows into the inlet and gets trapped when the gate is closed. R is true as trapped
water flows back via a pipe that carries it through a power generating turbine.

Question: Assertion (A) Mica is a mineral made up of plates or leaves.
Reason (R) Mica deposits are found in the
Northern edge of the Chota Nagpur Plateau.
Answer: (b) Mica is a mineral made up of plates or leaves. On the other hand, mica deposits are found in the Northern edge of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. Thus, R is not the correct
explanation of A.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question: Explain three factors that make mineral extractions commercially viable.
Answer: (i) The minerals content of the ore must be in sufficient concentration.
(ii) The type of formation or structure in which they are found determines the relative cases with which mineral ores may be mined.

Question: Explain any three different forms in which minerals generally occur. 
Answer: (i) Minerals occur in the form of veins and lodes (in igneous and metamorphic rocks).
(ii) In sedimentary rocks, a number of minerals occur in beds and layers.
(iii) As residual mass of weathered material.
(iv) As alluvial deposits in ocean waters.

Question: Name the non-metallic mineral which can split easily into thin sheets. Mention its uses.
Answer: Mica is the non-metallic mineral which can be split easily into thin sheets as it occurs in the form of plates or leaves of different colors. Uses of Mica are as follows (i) It is used in paints as a pigment extender. It also helps to brighten the tone of coloured pigments. (ii) It is used in electrical and electronic industry due to its di-electric strength, insulating properties and resistance to high voltage. (iii) It is used in making toothpaste and cosmetics due to its shiny and glittery appearance.

Question: Describe the distribution of coal in India.
Answer: In India, coal is the most abundantly available fossil fuel. Coal is found in a variety of forms depending on the degress of compression and the depth and time of burial. As per these basis, coal deposits are found mainly of two geological ages. These are (i) Gondwana Coal Deposits These are about 200 million years old. The major coal deposit in India are Gondwana coal which are high quality metallurgical coal. These coal deposits are located in Damodar Valley (West Bengal-Jharkhand). Jharia, Raniganj and Bokaro are important coal deposit fields. Besides, the Godavari, Mahanadi, Son and Wardha valleys also contain such coal deposits. (ii) Tertiary Coal Deposits These are around 55 million years old. Tertiary coal deposits are found in the North-Eastern states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland. This coal is of lower quality than the Gondwana coal.

Question: What are the uses of limestone? Mention names of two states of India which are major producers of limestone.
Answer: The uses of limestone are as follows ! It is used in cement industry. It is because it is the raw materical of cement. ! It is essential for smelting iron ore in the blast furnace in a steel plant. Rajasthan (largest producer) Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka are important states which are major producers of limestone.

Question: India is fairly rich in mineral resources, however its distribution is uneven. Comment.
Answer: India is fairly rich in mineral resources, however its distribution is uneven. This can be said with the help of following examples
(i) Gujarat and Assam have petroleum deposits as oil is found in sedimentary rocks on the Western and Eastern flanks of the peninsula. But rest of India does not have any oil deposit.
(ii) Minerals deposits are mostly available in the peninsular plateau region of Chotanagpur and rock systems of Rajasthan.
(iii) The vast alluvial plains of the North India, mountainous regions and coastal plains do not have any mineral deposits.

Question: What is the importance of energy resources? Give two examples each of conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.
Answer: Energy is required for all activities. Energy resources are needed to cook, to provide light and heat, for agricultural activities, propel vehicles and to drive machinery in industries. Thus, the sustainable development of energy resources is vital for all human activities. Examples ! Two examples of conventional sources of energy are coal and petroleum. ! Two examples of non-conventional sources of energy are solar energy and wind energy.

Question: Which state is the largest producer of manganese in India?Mention any four uses of manganese.
Or Which is the largest producer of manganese in India? Mention two uses of manganese. 
Answer: Odisha is the largest producer of manganese in India. Uses of manganese are as follows
(i) It is used in themanufacturing of ferro-manganese alloy.
(ii) It is used in the manufacturing of bleaching powder.
(iii) It is used in insecticides, paint industries and manufacturing of batteries.
(iv) It is used in manufacturing of steel. Nearly 10 kg of manganese is required tomanufacture one tonne of steel.

Question: Crude oil reserves are limited all over the world. If people continue to extract it at the present rate, the reserves would last only 35-40 years more. Explain any three ways to solve this problem.
Answer: Crude oil reserves are limited all over the world. If people continue to extract it at the present rate, the reserves would last only 30-40 years more. For energy conservation we can take the following steps (i) We have to adopt a cautious approach for the judicious use of our limited energy resources. (ii) We can use public transport systems instead of individual vehicles. (iii) We can switch off electricity when not in use, using power saving devices. We can use non-conventional energy like solar energy, wind power, biogas etc instead of using petroleum.

Question: Explain any three types of formations in which minerals occur.
Answer: Threemain types of formations inwhichmineral occurs are
(i) Veins and Lodes Smaller occurrences are called veins and larger ones are called lodes. In igneous and metamorphic rocks minerals may occur in the cracks, crevices, faults or joints. (ii) Beds or Layers In sedimentary rocks, minerals occur in bed or layers. They are formed as a result of deposition, accumulation and concentration in horizontal strata. (layers)
(iii) Placer Deposits Certain minerals occur as alluvial deposits in sands of valley floors and the base of hills as placer deposits.

Question: What is natural gas?What is its advantage?Name one region of India where its reserves are found. Or “Natural gas is an important source of energy.” Support the statement.
Answer: Natural gas is an important source of energy. It is an important clean energy resource found in association with or without petroleum. It is also used as an industrial raw material in the petrochemical industry. Advantages of natural gas are ! Natural gas is an environment friendly fuel. ! It generates low carbon dioxide emission during use. ! It is increasingly replacing pollution causing fuels. Large reserves of natural gas have been discovered in the Krishna-Godavari basin.

Question: Mention any three factors that determine the economic viability of a reserve. 
Answer: The three factors that determine the economic viability of a reserve are (i) The quality and quantity of mineral concentration in the ore. For example, magnetite is regarded better than haematite as it has more concentration of iron. (ii) The cost of extraction. If the cost of extraction is high than mining is not profitable. (iii) Location of mines near the industries.

Question: What are the two main ways of generating electricity? How are they different from each other? Explain.
Or Make a distinction between hydroelectricity and thermal electricity stating three points of distinction.
Answer: The two main ways of generating electricity are by running water (hydro electricity) and by burning fuels (thermal electricity).

Question: ‘‘Energy is an indispensable requirement in our modern lives.’’ Explain the statement with three examples.
Answer:It is true that Energy is an indispensable requirement in our modern lives. It can be understood through the following examples (i) Every sector of the national economy requires energy. For example, agriculture, industry, transport, commercial and domestic needs require inputs of energy. (ii) Implementation of economic development plans necessarily require increasing amounts of energy to remain operational. (iii) Energy is required for all domestic activities like cooking, lighting and heating and even air-conditioning (cooling).

Question: Name the mineral ore from which aluminium is extracted. Why is it gaining importance? Give its distribution in India.
Answer: (i) Bauxite.
(ii) Aluminium is gaining importance because of its extreme lightness, good conductivity and great malleability. It combines the strength of metals such as iron.
(iii) It is mainly found in Amarkantak Plateau, Maikal Hills and the plateau region of Bilaspur-Katni. Koraput district in Odisha has large deposits. Odisha is the largest bauxite producing state. Others are Gujarat, Maharashtra and Jharkhand.

Question: “India is highly dependent on coal for meeting its commercial energy requirement.” Support this statement with three arguments.
Answer: The fact that India is highly dependent on coal for meeting its commercial energy requirement can be supported from the following arguments (i) The majority of electricity generation plants in India are based on burning of coal for generating steam to power turbines. (ii) Many industries use coal in the blast furnaces for generating heat for their various operations. (iii) Coal is an important constituent in steel production, alumina refineries, and in chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

Question: What is tidal energy? Which regions in India provide ideal conditions for utilising tidal energy?
Answer: The electrical energy that can be generated through the oceanic tides is known as tidal energy. This can be done by building flood gate dams in areas that get submerged during high tides. During high tide when the water flows inside the dam, the gates are closed. After the high tide, the water retained by the flood gate falls back to the sea via a pipe that carries it through a power generating turbine. The regions in India that provide ideal conditions for utilising tidal energy are the Gulf of Khambhat, the Gulf of Kachchh and Gangetic delta in Sunderban.

Question: Why India has the potential to develop wind energy? Which places in India are sources of wind energy?
Answer: India has a long coastline in which there is scope of developing wind energy. The areas along the coastline are windy and wind mills can be established there. The places in India having source of wind energy or wind mills are (i) Wind farm cluster located in Tamil Nadu from Nagercoil to Madurai. (ii) Wind farms in Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra, Lakshadweep and Andhra Pradesh. (iii) Wind farm in Jaisalmer.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question: Which is the most abundantly available fossil fuel in India? Assess the importance of its different forms.
Answer: Abundantly available fossil fuel in India is Coal.
Importance:
(i) Peat has low carbon and high moisture content and low heating capacity.
(ii) Lignite is a low grade brown coal which is soft with high moisture content. It is used for generating electricity.
(iii) Bituminous is the most popular coal of commercial use. It has a special value for smelting iron in blast furnaces.
(iv) Anthracite is the highest quality of hard coal.

Question: “Minerals are indispensable part of our lives’. Support the statement with examples.
Answer: Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives :
(i) Almost everything we use, from a tiny pin to a towering building or a big ship, all are made from minerals.
(ii) The railway lines and the tarmac (paving) of the roads, our implements and machinery too are made from minerals.
(iii) Cars, buses, trains, aeroplanes are manufactured from minerals and run on power resources derived from the earth.
(iv) Even the food that we eat contains minerals.
(v) In all stages of development, human beings have used minerals for their livelihood, decoration, festivities, religious and ceremonial rites.

Question: What are the major sources of energy in rural households of India? Identify the major problems faced due to these sources. Give suggestions to solve these problems.
Answer: Firewood and cattle dung cake are the major sources of energy in rural household of India. Major problems faced due to these sources are
(i) Using cow dung is discouraged because it consumes most valuable manure which could be used in agriculture.
(ii) Use of firewood as fuel is becoming difficult due to decreasing forest area. Suggestions to solve these problems are
(i) Awareness must be developed in the rural areas regarding the non-conventional sources of energy like solar energy, wind energy, biogas, etc. It will minimise the dependence of rural households on fire wood and dung cakes, which in turn will contribute to environmental conservation and adequate supply of manure in agriculture.
(ii) Government should take initiatives in setting up the biogas plants in rural areas.

Question: ‘‘Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives.’’ Justify this statement with suitable examples. 
Answer: It is true thatminerals are an indispensable part of our lives. This can be understood through the following examples ! Almost everything that we use in our daily life, from a tiny pin to a towering building or a big ship, all are made from minerals. ! The railway lines and the paving of the roads, machinery, implements and tools too are made from minerals. ! Minerals form the basis of all industries. ! Our food contains various minerals that are essential for our body. They are absorbed by the body. ! In conclusion, we can say that in all stages of development, human beings have used minerals for their livelihood, decoration, festivities, religious and ceremonial rites.

Question:“Formation of coal is a long drawn process spread over various periods.” Elaborate the statement with examples in Indian context.
Answer: It is true that formation of coal is a long drawn process spread over various periods. Coal is formed due the compression of plant material (containing carbon, the major component of coal) over millions of years. Thus, coal is found in many forms depending on the degrees of compression, the depth and the time of burial. Indian coal was mainly formed during two geological ages the Gondwana and the Tertiary ages. The Gondwana coal deposits (called ‘metallurgical coal’), which are more than 200 million years old, are located in the Damodar valley (West Bengal – Jharkhand), where Jharia, Raniganj and Bokaro are important coal fields. It is also found in the Godavari, Mahanadi, Son and Wardha valleys. The tertiary age deposits, only about 55 million years old, are mostly found in North-Eastern India in Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland. Thus, formation of coal is a long drawn process spread over various periods.

Question: ‘‘Nuclear energy is expected to play an increasingly important role in India.’’ Give arguments to support this statement.
Answer: Nuclear energy is expected to play an increasingly important role in India due to the following reasons (i) India has limited reserves of coal and petroleum. Nuclear energy minerals like Thorium is found in plenty in India. Hence, nuclear energy can compensate for deficiency of fossil fuels. (ii) Nuclear power stations can be established easily and conveniently in those areas where other sources are not available. (iii) Nuclear power releases tremendous amounts of energy. India can utilise this energy for peaceful purposes such as generation of electricity that can be used to run machines in industries. (vi) Nuclear energy is a non-conventional source of energy. After the initial expenses, it becomes very economical.

Question: “Thereisapressingneedforusingrenewable energy sources in India.” Justify the statement.
Answer: There is a growing need for increasing the use of renewable energy sources due to the following reasons
(i) The conventional or non-renewable sources of energy are depleting very fast and we are dependent on imports of petroleum and natural gas to meet our needs.
(ii) Renewableenergysourcesdonotcauseenvironmental pollution with their use and so, to preserve our environment, we must change over to use more of such sources.
(iii) Non-conventional or renewable sourcesof energy are very economical in use as compared to conventional sources. Thus, to save expenses, we should use renewable energy sources. !

Question: How can biogas solve the energy problem mainly in rural India? Give your suggestion.
Answer: Biogas can solve the energy problem in the rural areas due to the reasons mentioned below (i) It produces gas having higher thermal efficiency than charcoal and kerosene. (ii) It provides a way for optimum utilisation of animal and plant waste. (iii) It produces enriched organic manure that can supplement or even replace chemical fertilisers. (iv) It burns smoothly and does not leave much residue behind. (v) It is easy to produce and store. Some suggestions to improve the biogas energy production in rural areas are given below (i) Government should provide monetary assistance to people in the rural areas to set up biogas plants. (ii) Awareness must be created for using this alternative sources of energy.

Question: Which is the most abundantly available fossil fuel in India? Assess the important characteristics of its different forms.
Answer: Coal is the most abundantly available fossil fuel in India. Important characteristics of its different forms are (i) Peat Decaying plants in swamps produce peat. ! It is burnt as fuel or applied to the soil to improve the texture or raise its water-retaining property. (ii) Lignite ! It has 60-70% carbon. It is soft and brown in colour, and having high moisture content. ! It is used for electricity generation. ! It has lowest heat content per kg. (iii) Bituminous ! It is used for commercial purpose especially ideal for smelting iron in blast furnaces. ! It has 75-90% carbon content, dense sedimentary rock, usually black in colour and has medium heat content per kg. ! It is also used as making coke. (iv) Anthracite ! It is used in the metal smelting and fabrication industries especially used as a reduction agent for various applications i.e. briquetting charcoal, iron-ore pellets and other uses. ! It has more than 90% carbon content per kg and its heating content per kg is highest. ! It is also used in residential and commercial space heating.

Question: Explain the importance of conservation of minerals. Highlight any three measures to conserve them.
OR
Why is conservation of mineral resources essential? Explain any three methods to conserve them.
OR
Why is it necessary to conserve mineral resources? Explain any four ways to conserve mineral resources.
OR
Why do we need to conserve mineral resources ?
Answer: Reasons for Conservation :
(i) The strong dependence of industry and agriculture upon minerals.
(ii) The process of mineral formation is slow.
(iii) They are non-renewable.
Methods to Conserve :
(i) Minerals should be used in a planned and sustainable manner.
(ii) Improved technology needs to be constantly evolved to allow the use of low grade ore at low cost.
(iii) Recycling of metals using scrap metals.
(iv) Wastage in mining and processing should be minimised.
(v) Use of scrap metals.
(vi) Use of alternate substitutes.

Question: “There is a pressing need for using renewable energy sources in India.” Justify the statement.
OR
Why should we use renewable energy resources? Explain with arguments.
Answer: The use of renewable sources of energy is necessary :
The growing consumption of energy in the country has made us dependent on fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas. Rising prices of oil and gas has eroded our foreign currency reserves. Shortages in the supply of oil, gas and coal have increased uncertainties about the security of energy supply in the future. The growth of the national economy is getting hampered by it. Moreover, increasing use of fossil fuels also causes serious environment problems. Non-convectional source of energy are available in abundant. They are also renewable.