CBSE Class 10 History Nationalism In India Worksheet Set D

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question: What happened to the workers in plantations of Assam?
Answer: Plantation workers in Assam were not allowed to leave the plantations without permissions under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859.

Question: Who was the author of ‘Hind Swaraj’?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi was the author of ‘Hind Sawaraj’.

Question: Why did Mahatma Gandhi organise, Satyagraha in the Kheda district of Gujarat in
1917? Give the main reason.
Answer: Peasants affected from crop failure and plague epidemic wanted relaxation in revenue collection. Mahatma Gandhi organised a Satyagraha with these peasants against revenue collectors for the same in 1917.

Question: Dr B.R. Ambedkar, who organised the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930, clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the second Round Table Conference by demanding separate electorates for dalits.
When the British government conceded Ambedkar’s demand, Gandhiji began a fast unto death. He believed that separate electorates for dalits would slow down the process of their integration into society.
Read the source given above and name thepact of compromise signed later between Gandhiji and Dr B.R Amdbedkar on the position of Dalits in India in future.
Answer: Poona Pact

Short Answer Type Questions

Question: Describe the role of Alluri Sitaram Raju in Andhra Pradesh during 1920s.
Answer: Role of Alluri Sitaram Raju in the Gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh
(1) Alluri Sitaram Raju claimed that he had a variety of special powers like making astrological predictions, healing people and surviving bullet shots
(2) The rebels proclaimed him as an incarnation of God.
(3) Raju was inspired by Gandhiji􀉆s Non- Cooperation Movement
(4) Persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking.
(5) But at the same time he asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force, not non-violence.
(6) Used guerrilla warfare for achieving swaraj. To be assessed as whole.

Question: Who organised Dalits into the Depressed Classes Association? Why did he clash with Gandhi? What was the result of it?
Answer: B. R. Ambedkar organised the Dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930. He clashed with Gandhi ji at the Second Round Table Conference by demanding separate electorates for Dalits. Finally, Ambedkar accepted Gandhi ji’s view and the result was the Poona Pact of September 1932. This pact gave the Depressed Classes (now SCs) reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils but they were to be voted in by the general electorate.

Question: Describe the incidence of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
Answer: Jallianwalla Bagh incident.
(1) On 13 April, Jallianwalla Bagh incident took place.
(2) On that day a crowd of villagers who had come to Amritsar to attend a fair gathered in the enclosed ground of Jallianwalla Bagh.
(3) Being from outside the city, they were unaware of the martial law that had been imposed.
(4) Dyer entered the area, blocked the exit points, and opened fire on the crowd,killing hundreds.
(To be assessed as whole.)

Question: How did ‘Salt March’ become an effective tool of resistance against colonialism ? Explain.
Answer: ‘Salt March’ became an effective tool of resistance against colonialism because: Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation. Gandhiji sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands. The most stirring of all was the demand to abolish the salt tax. Salt was the most essential item of food and was consumed by rich and poor alike. Irwin was unwilling to negotiate, so Gandhiji started Salt march with 78th volunteers. (On 6 April ) he reached Dandi, violated law and made salt. This march developed the feeling of nationalism, people in different parts of the country broke the salt law and manufactured salt and demonstrated in front of government salt factories. (To be assessed as a whole)

Question: Describe the main features of ‘Poona Pact’.
Answer: The main features of ‘Poona Pact’ were:
(1) The Poona Pact (of September 1932) gave Depressed Classes (later to be known as Scheduled caste) reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils.
(2) They were to be voted in by the general electorate.
(3) The act came into force due to Gandhiji’s fast unto death.
(4) Ambedkar ultimately accepted Gandhiji’s stand.
(5) Any other relevant point. (Any three points to be described)

Question: Why did Mahatma Gandhi launch the Civil Disobedience Movement? Explain any three reasons. 
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi launched the Civil Disobedience Movement for the following reasons:
(1) Lord Irwin ignored the eleven demands of Gandhi, including the abolition of the salt tax. Various methods of trying to bring political empowerment in the country from within the councils failed too.
(2) After the demand for Purna Swaraj formalised, 26 January 1930 was celebrated as Independence Day. However, such celebrations for freedom could not attract much attention and participation. Gandhiji understood that in order to mobilise the masses and increase their participation, he needed to focus on what bothered them the most about the colonial government.
(3) The idea of Civil Disobedience was mainly focused on problems and issues that people faced in their everyday life. He identified problems which the rich as well as the poor alike faced and highlighted these issues under a united campaign against the British.
(4) The movement was to succeed the noncooperation movement and take the cause of Swaraj further. Thus, Gandhiji involved new programmes which were stronger and stricter than before.

Question: “Gandhiji’s idea of Satyagraha emphasised the power of truth and the need to search for truth.” In the light of this statement, assess the contribution of Mahatma Gandhi towards Satyagraha.
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi’s contribution towards Satya-graha can be described as follows:
(1) Gandhi was initially successful in launching Satyagraha movements amongst the peasants of Champaran in Bihar in 1916.
(2) In 1917, he organised Satyagraha to support the peasants of the Kheda district of Gujarat and in 1918, amongst the cotton mill workers of Ahmedabad.
(3) Satyagraha, as a medium of protest, was carried forward by Gandhi in launching a nationwide struggle against the Rowlatt Act. There were protests, followed by the Non-cooperation movement as well as the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(4) Gandhi called Satyagraha an intense active resistance which could only be pursued by the strong, he gave Satyagraha its true meaning and attached it as an important programme with the Indian National Movement.

Question: How did the Tribal Peasants interpreted the message of Mahatma Gandhi and the idea of ‘Swaraj’ ? Explain. 
Answer: The Tribal Peasants interpreted the message of Mahatma Gandhi and the idea of ‘Swaraj’ as follows:
(1) Tribal Peasants didn’t conform with Mahatma Gandhi’s ideas of non-violence. They were inclined towards an ‘attack and injure’ policy to achieve Swaraj.
(2) In the Gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh, a militant guerilla movement was started by peasants along the same lines in the 1920s, against the colonial government’s decision of closing large forest areas, preventing people from entering the forests to graze their cattle, or to collect fuelwood and fruits.
(3) Peasant leader Alluri Sitaram Raju, persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking , but asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force, not non-violence.
(4) Deprived of their traditional rights and livelihood, enraged Gudem rebels attacked policestations, attempted to kill British offcials a nd c arried o r g uerrilla w arfare for achieving Swaraj, thus completely straying from Gandhi’s mantra of nonviolence and satyagraha.

Question: What did Gandhi ji do for the upliftment of the Dalits in India? Give three points.
Answer:Steps taken by Gandhi ji for the upliftment of the Dalits in India are as follows:
(1) Gandhi ji called ‘untouchables’ Harijan, means the Children of God, and declared that swaraj would not come for a hundred years if untouchability was not eliminated from the society. (2) He secured them entry into temples, access to public wells, tanks, roads and schools.
(3) He cleaned toilets to dignify the work of the bhangi-the sweeper and persuaded upper class people to change their heart to give up ‘the sin of untouchability’.

Long Answer Type Questions 

Question: Explain any five effects of the Noncooperation movement.
Answer: Effects of the Non-cooperation movement are:
(1) Students left government schools and colleges, head-masters, teachers resigned from their jobs and lawyers stopped practicing.
(2) Liquor shops were picketed, foreign cloth was burnt in huge bonfires and foreign goods were boycotted.
(3) The import of foreign clothes halved between 1921 and 1922, leading its value to drop from 102 Crore to 57 Crore rupees.
(4) Traders and merchants refused to trade in foreign goods and finance foreign trade.
(5) People boycotted foreign clothes and started using Khadi clothes.
(6) Council elections were boycotted in every province, except in Madras.

Question: The Civil Disobedience Movement saw the participation of different social classes and groups. Give reasons for the participation of the following:
(a) rich peasants,
(b) poor peasants,
(c) business classes,
(d) industrial working classes,
(e) women.
Answer: The reasons for the participation of various social classes and groups in Civil Disobedience Movement are as follows:
(1) Rich peasants: rich peasant communities like patidars of Gujrat & the jats of Uttar Pradesh joined the movement because, being producers of commercial crops they were hard hit by the trade depression and falling prices. Due to the refusal of the government to reduce the revenue demand made them fight against high revenues.
(2) Poor peasants: joined the movement because they found it difficult to pay rent. They wanted the unpaid rent to the landlord to be remitted.
(3) Business class: they reacted against colonial policies that restricted activities because they were keen on expanding their business and for this they wanted protection against imports of foreign goods. They thought that Swaraj would cancel colonial restrictions and trade would flourish without restrictions.
(4) Industrial working class: they did not participate in large numbers except in the Nagpur region. Some workers did participate in, selectively adopting some of the Gandhian programme, like boycott of foreign goods, as a part of their own movements against low wages and poor working conditions.
(5) Women: there were large scale participation of women in the movement. They participated in protest marches, manufactured salt, and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops. Many went to jail.

Question: Explain the spread of the Non-Cooperation Movement in the plantations of Assam.
Answer: NCM in the Plantations of Assam:
(1) The plantation workers in Assam had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and notions of Swaraj.
(2) For plantation workers in Assam, freedom meant the right to move freely in and out of the confined space in which they were enclosed.
(3) For them swaraj meant retaining a link with the village from which they had come
(4) Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859 plantation workers were not allowed to leave the tea gardens without permission.
(5) When workers heard of NCM thousands of workers defied the authorities, left the plantations and headed home.
(6) They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would be given land in their own villages.
(7) But they never reached their home due to railway and steamer strike, they were caught by the police and beaten up brutally.

Question: Why did Gandhi decide to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act 1919? How was it organised? Explain.
Answer: The nationwide Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act the Rowlatt Act of 1919 passed by the colonisers gave immense power to the government. Despite opposition from Indian members, this act allowed the government to repress political activities and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years. Mahatma Gandhi wanted to launch a nationwide satyagraha against such unjust laws in order to bring the masses together in their fight against colonial rule. It was organised in the following manner:
(1) The non-violent campaign began with a hartal on 6 April. Rallies were organised in various cities, workers went on a strike in railway workshops and most of the shops in markets were shut down.
(2) The British Administration clamped on the Satyagrahis and nationalists out of the fear of disruption of the lines of communication (railways and telegraph). Many local leaders were picked up from Amritsar and Mahatma Gandhi was also barred from entering Delhi.
(3) The non-violent movement proved to be successful to a great extent. People, as they stood united in their struggle for independence, were able to shake the foundations of the British Raj as there were widespread attacks on banks, post o. ffices, and railway stations.

Question: Explain the attitude of the Indian merchants and the industrialists towards the ‘Civil Disobedience Movement’.
Answer: The attitude of the Indian merchants and the industrialists towards the Civil Disobedience Movement was:
(1) During the 1 World War Indian merchants and industrialists had made huge profits and became powerful.
(2) They wanted protection against imports of foreign goods and a Rupee Sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage import.
(3) To organize business interest they formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress (in 1920) and the Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries – FICCI ( in 1927).
(4) They gave financial assistance and refused to buy or sell imported goods.
(5) Most businessmen came to see ‘Swaraj’ as a time when colonial restrictions on business would no longer exist and trade and industry would flourish without constraints.
(6) After the failure of the Round table conference business groups were no longer uniformly enthusiastic.
(7) They were apprehensive of the spread of militant activities and worried about prolonged disruption of business.

Question: Explain the limitations of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Answer: The limitations of the Civil Disobedience Movement can be described as:
(1) Not all participants were moved by the concept of Swaraj to the same extent. Congress had ignored the Dalits. This was so because they were afraid of offending the Sanatanis. [upper caste conservative hindus]. Thus they received half hearted support from various social groups.
(2) From the mid-1920s, Congress came to be more visibly associated with the openly Hindu religious nationalist groups like the Hindu Mahasabha, which developed mistrust in other religious groups regarding its intentions and programmes.
(3) After the decline of the Non-cooperation Khilafat movement, a large section of the Muslims felt alienated from the Congress.
(4) As relations between the Hindu’s and Muslims worsened, each community organised religious processions with militant fervour. This provoked Hindu- Muslim communal clashes and riots in various cities.
(5) Civil disobedience divided the Indian society on basis of caste, social norms and economy in many ways.

Question: Read the extract and answer the questions thatfollow: This marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement. How was this movement different from the Non- Cooperation Movement? 
People were now asked not only to refuse cooperation as they had done in 1921-22, but also to break colonial laws. Thousands in different parts of country broke salt law, manufactured salt and demonstrated in front of government salt factories. As the movement spread, foreign cloth was boycotted and liquor shops were picketed. Peasants refused to pay revenue and chaukidari taxes, village officials resigned, and in many places forest people violated forest laws, going to collect wood and graze cattle.
(A) When did the civil Disobedience movement start?
(B) Who launched Civil Disobedience Movement and how?
(C) Was the civil disobedience movement different from non-cooperation movement?
Answer: (A) Civil disobedience movement was launched in April 1930. 1
(B) Civil disobedience movement was launched by Gandhiji by breaking Salt law after he carried out Dandi March in March with 78 of his followers. He drove the point of breaking laws in this movement home by breaking the salt law.
(C) In Non-cooperation movement, People were to refuse cooperation with British while in the civil disobedience movement people were encouraged to break colonial laws. While Non-Cooperation movement was not as large in its appeal, Civil Disobedience movement was carried out on a larger scale. Laws were actually being broken, schools, colleges and elections boycotted.

Question: Why did Mahatma Gandhi launch the ‘Non-Cooperation Movement’? How did this movement unite the country? Explain.
Answer: Non-Cooperation Movement launched by Gandhiji:
(1) Gandhiji decided to launch satyagraha against Rowlatt Act which allows detention of Indians without trial.
(2) Gandhiji was against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
(3) Gandhiji wanted broad based movement for bringing Hindu Muslim closer through the Khilafat Andolan.
(4) In INC Sessions-Calcutta and Nagpur he convinced leaders to start Non Cooperation Movement.
(5) Any other relevant point. How did this movement unite the country:
(1) People joined non co-operation movement.
(2) People surrendered titles and awards.
(3) People boycotted civil services, courts , schools .
(4) People boycotted foreign goods.
(5) Thousands of students left schools and colleges.
(6) Teachers resigned.
(7) Peasants, tribal peasants and plantation workers also joined the satyagraha.

Question: The middle classes played an important role in the Non-Cooperation Movement in the cities. Explain. Why do you think that the movement slowed down in the cities?
Answer: Middle classes played an important role in the Non-cooperation movement in the cities
(1) Thousands of students left the government- controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up their legal practices.
(2) The council elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras.
(3) Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires. The movement in the cities gradually slowed down for a variety of reasons:
(1) Khadi cloth was more expensive than mass-produced mill cloth and poor people could not afford it and therefore could not boycott mill cloth for very long.
(2) Similarly boycotting British institutions also posed a problem as there were no alternative national institutions to fulfil the educational needs.
(3) As a result students and teachers began trickling back to government schools and lawyers joined back work in government courts.
(4) Any other relevant point.

Question: “Not all social groups were moved by the abstract concept of ‘Swaraj”. Support the statement in the light of the Civil Disobedience Movement of the 1930s. OR Å‘All social groups were not moved by the abstract concept of swaraj’. Highlight the limitations of the civil Disobedience Movement to support this statement.
Answer: Not all social groups were moved by the abstract concept of Swaraj because:
(1) The ignorant attitude of the Congress alienated Dalits from the wider nationalist movement. Although, Mahatma Gandhi made efforts to give them access to various public places, they considered this movement as a means to end their own suppression. They fought for political empowerment and separate electorates.
(2) Such demands and difference of opinions therefore saw limited dalit participation during the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(3) The decline of the Non-cooperation Khilafat Movement gave rise to the feeling of alienation among a large section of Muslims from the Congress. Hindu religious nationalist groups like the Hindu Mahasabha further widened the gap and created feelings of suspicion and distrust among the members of both the communities.
(4) Each community organised religious processions with militant fervour, provoking violent clashes and riots in various cities. The Congress was viewed as a Hindu political party. Further divide between the two communities almost cut off Muslim participation in the movement.
(5) Therefore, when the Civil Disobedience Movement started, there was a feeling of alienation between communities who did not identify with the idea of Wwaraj. They were apprehensive of their position in the society and feared domination Hindu majority

Picture Based Questions

1. (i) When was this picture taken?
Answer: 6 April, 1919

(ii) What was the event?
Answer: Gandhiji’s nation wide Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act started with a hartal on 6th April, 1919.

(iii) Which common feature of the Indian National movement does it depict?
Answer: Mass processions on the streets became a common feature during the leadership of Gandhiji in the Indian National Movement.

2. (i) What is depicted in this picture?
Answer: General Dyer’s crawling orders being administered by British soldiers.

(ii) When was the picture taken?
Answer: In April, 1919, Amritsar, Punjab

(iii) Which of the following event is related with the given image?
(a) Non-Cooperation Movement
(b) Jallianwala Bagh Movement
(c) Civil Disobedience Movement
(d) Swadeshi Movement
Answer: (b) Jallianwala Bagh Movement

(iv) What is the significance of this picture?
Answer: This picture signifies General Dyer’s objective to ‘produce a moral effect’, to create a feeling of terror and awe in the minds of the Satyagrahis. The aim was to humiliate and terrorise people.

3. (i) What is depicted in this picture?
Answer: The boycott of foreign cloth by Indian nationalists.

(ii) When was this picture taken? What is its significance?
Answer: In July, 1922. Foreign cloth was seen as the symbol of western economic and cultural domination. As part of the Non-cooperation Movement, people began discarding imported clothes and wearing only Indian ones.

4. (i) Which famous incident is shown in this picture?
Answer: The incident depicted is a peaceful demonstration in a bazaar in U.P. (India), which turned into a violent clash with the British police.

(ii) Where and when did it take place?
Answer: Chauri Chaura, Gorakhpur (U.P.), 1922.

(iii) What was the incident?
Answer: 22 English policemen were burnt to death by violent Indian nationalists at a police station in Chauri Chaura (U.P.).

(iv) What was the outcome of the incident?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi called a halt to the Non- Cooperation Movement, as his methodology of fighting the British was purely through nonviolence.

5. (i) Which significant incident is depicted in this picture?
Answer: The Dandi March (to the coast of Gujarat).

(ii) Who is leading the crowd and why?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi is leading the Salt March with 78 of his trusted volunteers.

(iii) When did the incident occur?
Answer: It occurred on 11th March, 1930.

(iv) What is the significance of this picture?
Answer: The picture signifies the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement, Gandhiji’s refusal to pay tax on a commodity like ‘Salt’ and to stop the British Government’s monopoly over its production.

6. (i) Identify the figure in this portrait?
Answer: Bharat Mata

(ii) How is Bharat Mata portrayed in the above picture?
(a) Ascetic
(b) Divine
(c) Spiritual
(d) All of the above
Answer: (a) Ascetic

(iii) Who painted it and when?
Answer: Abanindranath Tagore—1905

(iv) What is the significance of this picture?
Answer: The mother figure here is shown as dispensing food, clothing and learning. The beads (mala) in one hand shows her ascetic quality.

(v) Which famous painter used this style earlier?
Answer: Raja Ravi Verma.