CBSE Class 10 Social Science Popular Struggles And Movements Worksheet Set B

Mark the option which is most suitable :
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true and reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.

Question. Assertion : Pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics in a variety of ways,
Reason : These groups try to influence the government by contesting elections.
Answer : (c) Pressure groups try to gain public support and sympathy for their goals and their activities by carrying out information campaigns, organising meetings, filing petitions, etc. Most of these groups try to influence the media into giving more attention to these issues. The reason is false while the assertion is true.

Question. Assertion : The story of Poland applies to the struggle for establishing or restoring democracy.
Reason : Democracy evolves through popular struggles.
Answer : (b) Defining moments of democracy usually involve conflict between those groups who have exercised power and those who aspire for a share in power. The assertion and reason are both true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

Question. Assertion : Single-issue movements are similar to movements that are long term and involve more than one issue.
Reason : The environmental movement and the women’s movement are examples of multiple issue movements.
Answer : (d) Both the reason and assertion are false, because Women’s movement and environmental movements are single issue movements, which are completely different from movements with multiple issues.

Question. Assertion : Interest groups seek to promote the interests of a particular section or group of society.
Reason : They are sectional because they represent a section of society: workers, employees, businesspersons, industrialists, followers of a religion, caste group, etc.
Answer : (a) The principal concern of these interest groups is the betterment and well-being of their members, not society in general. Thus, the reason and assertion are both true and the reason explains the assertion completely.

Question. Assertion : Pressure groups and movements have deepened democracy.
Reason : Putting pressure on the rulers is an unhealthy activity in a democracy as long as everyone gets this opportunity.
Answer : (c) The reason is false, while the assertion is true

Question. Assertion : In 1984, the Karnataka government set up a company called Karnataka Pulpwood Limited.
Reason : The company began to plant eucalyptus trees on this land, which could be used for making paper pulp.
Answer : (b) The reason and assertion are both true but the reason does not justify the assertion.

Very Short Answers Type Questions

Question. Give an example of issue-specific movement.
Answer : Narmada Bachao Andolan.

Question. Which king of Nepal rejected democratic rule ?
Answer : King Gyanendra.

Question. Differentiate between ‘Sectional interest group’ and ‘ public interest group’ ?
Answer : Sectional interest groups seek to promote the interests of a particular section or group of society and not whole
society in general. For example, trade unions, business associations and professional (lawyers, doctors, teachers, etc.) bodies. Whereas, public interest groups promote collective rather than selective good. They aim to help groups other than their own members. For example, a group fighting against bonded labour fights not for itself but for those who are suffering under such bondage.

Question. Name the parties that are formed as a result of reform movements.
Answer : AIADMK and DMK.

Question. The Bolivia’s water war happened in which city ?
Answer : Cochabamba.

Question. Complete the following :
The seven party Alliance (SPA) chose Girija Prasad Koirala of Nepali congress as________.
Answer : The new prime minister of the interim government.

Question. Give an example of any ‘pressure group‘ of India which functions as a branch of ‘political party‘.
Answer : ‘Pressure group‘ of India which functions as a branch of ‘political party‘ are trade unions/students’ organisations, such as INTUC, AITUC, ABVP, NISU.

Question. Give an example of generic movement.
Answer : Women’s Movement.

Question. Why do pressure group employ lobbyist ?
Answer : The pressure group employ lobbyist to advertise their plan.

Question. State the main aim of Backward and Minority Communities Employees Federation.
Answer : Backward and Minority Communities Employees Federation (BAMCEF) is an organisation largely made up of government employees that campaigns against caste discrimination. It addresses the problems of its members who suffer discrimination. But its principal concern is with social justice and social equality for the entire society.

Question. Correct the following statement and rewrite :
Until 1990, Nepal was an absolute democracy running under the executive control of the king.
Answer : Until 1990, Nepal was an absolute monarchy running under the executive control of the king.

Question. Give an example of sectional interest group.
Answer : FEDECOR

Question. Which pressure groups tend to promote collective good ?
Answer : Public Interest Groups.

Question. Identify the type of organization with the help of following features:
l The group is formed to fulfill the interest of the people
l Organization is permanent but interests keep changing
l Try to pressurize the government to fulfill the interest
Answer : Pressur group

Question. How do democracies evolve ?
Answer : Through popular struggle.

Question. Name any one political party of India which grew out of movement.
Answer :The political party of India that grew out of movement is ‘Asom Gana Parishad’.

Short Answers Type Questions :

Question. What is the difference between a pressure group and a political party?
Answer : • A pressure group is an organized or an unorganized body that seeks to promote its interests while a political party seeks to attain political power by contesting elections.
• Pressure groups are formed by the people of common interests, occupations and opinions while political parties are formed on the basic of ideology and vision.
• A pressure group represents their own single interests while political parties represent various interests.

Question. Mention any three similarities between the movements in Nepal and Bolivia.
Answer : • Both these are instances of political conflict that led to popular struggles.
• In both cases, the struggle involves mass mobilizations public demonstration of mass support clinched the dispute.
• Both instances involved the critical role of political organization.

Question. What were the results of the popular struggle of Nepal?
Answer : • The King was forced to concede all the three demands of the protesters.
• The SPA chose Girija Prasad Koirala as the new P.M. of the interim government.
• The restored parliament met and passed laws taking away most of the power of the king.

Question. Explain how the activities of Pressure groups are useful in the functioning of a Democratic govt.?
Answer : • Pressure groups perform a useful role in countering the undue influence of rich and powerful people on the Govt.
• Pressure groups remind the Govt. of the needs and concerns of ordinary citizens.
• Different pressure groups put pressure on the Govt. for making policies in their favor and against. This let the Govt. know about what different sections of population want.

Question. Write the composition of the organization which protested against water privatization in Bolivia?
Answer : • The protest against water privatization in Bolivia was not led by any political party. It was led by FEDECOR.
• This organization comprised of local professionals, including engineers and environmentalists.
• They were supported by a federation of farmers who relied on irrigation, middle class students, confederation of factory workers, unions and the city’s growing population of the homeless street children.

Question. What are Sectional Interest groups? How do they differ from Public Interest groups?
Answer : • Sectional interest groups refers to the interest groups that seek to promote the interest of a particular section or a group of society. Trade unions, business associations and professional bodies (lawyers, doctors, teachers etc.) are some examples of sectional interest groups—
• Public interest groups promote collective rather than selective good. They aim to help groups other than their own members: for example a group fighting against bonded labor fights not for itself but for those who are suffering under such bondage.
• Sometimes these organizations represent the common or general interest of the society.
• They also exert pressure on the Government to meet their demands.

Question. What are public interest groups? How do they look after the interests of the public ?
Answer : A public interest group is a group that promotes the interests of the people of the society. There interests can be of a particular section of the society or of the entire society in general. Their activities benefit the entire society and not just a particular section of the society.

Long Answers Type Questions :

Question. Is the influence of pressure groups and movements healthy in a democracy?
Answer : Yes, putting pressure on the rulers is not an unhealthy activity in a democracy as long as everyone gets this opportunity because –
• A democracy must look after the interest of all not just one section
• These groups help the people of a particular section to voice their interest and demands.
• Two pressure groups of different ideology helps in maintaining a balance between the demands of various groups in the society.
• Pressure groups and movements have deepened democracy in the world.
• Some people may criticize the role of these groups as these groups promote the interest of
• their sections and not accountable to the people in general.

Question. Discuss in brief the popular struggle of Bolivia
Answer : • Bolivia is a poor country in Latin America. The World Bank pressurized the government to give up its control of municipal water supply.
• The govt. sold these rights for the city of Cochabamba to a MNC.
• The MNC immediately increased the price of water by four times.
• Many people received water bills of Rs- 1000 where as their average monthly income was Rs. 5000/.
• In January 2000 a new alliance of labor, human rights and community leaders organized a Successful four days general strike in the city and the Govt. agreed to negotiate, yet nothing happened.
• The agitation started again in February but the police restored to brutal repression.
• Another strike followed in April and the Govt. imposed martial law.
• But the power of the people forced the officials of the MNC and the govt. to concede to all the demands of the protesters.
• Finally the contract with the MNC was cancelled and water supply was restored to the municipality at old rates.

Question. Write in brief about the Nepal’s second movement for democracy
Answer : • The Nepal movement took place in April 2006 which was aimed at restoring democracy.
• The Nepalese king Birendra was killed in 2001.
• The new king Gyanendra refused to accept the democratic rule.
• In February 2005 the king dismissed the Prime Minister and dissolved the popularly elected parliament.
• All the major parties in the parliament formed SPA and called for a four day’s strike in Katmandu.
• This strike turned into an indefinite strike after the involvement of Maoist with 3 to 5 lakh people.
• On 24 th April 2006, the king was forced to concede the demands of the people. The SPA chose Girija Prasad Koirala as the new P.M. of the interim govt.

Question. How do Pressure groups and movements influence politics?
Answer : • They try to gain public support and sympathy for their goals and their activities by carrying out information campaigns, organizing meeting, filing petitions etc.;
• They often organize protest activity like strikes or disrupting government programmes.
• Business groups often employ professional lobbyists or sponsor expensive advertisements.
• The Pressure groups are either formed or led by the leaders of political parties or act as an extended arms of political parties.
• Sometimes Political parties grow out of movements. Like DMK and AIADMK in Tamil Nadu