CBSE Class 10 Social Science The Age of Industrialisation Worksheet Set E

Objective Type Questions

Question. Which of the following is not a step of the production process?
(a) carding
(b) twisting
(c) ingot
(d) spinning
Answer : (c) ingot

Question. Which of the following statements is correct about the European Managing Agencies?
(a) They established tea and coffee plantations.
(b) They acquired land at cheap rates from the colonial government.
(c) They invested in mining, indigo and jute.
(d) All of the above
Answer : (d) All of the above

Question. Which of the following is correct about the cotton weavers of India?
(a) Their export market collapsed.
(b) The local market shrank.
(c) Weavers could not easily compete with the mill made clothes.
(d) All of the above
Answer : (d) All of the above

Question. In which of the following years the first jute mill came up in Bengal?
(a) 1755
(b) 1855
(c) 1947
(d) 1950
Answer : (b) 1855

Question. A person who ‘staples’ or sorts wool according to its fibre called
(a) Proto
(b) Stapler
(c) Fuller
(d) Carding
Answer : (a) Proto

Question. State whether the following statements are true or false
Answer : James Watt improved the steam engine produced by Newcomen and patented the new engine in 1881.

Question. At the port, the big shippers and export merchants had ________________who negotiated the price and bought goods from the supply merchants operating inland.
Answer : brokers

Question. Correct the following statements and rewrite
In Britain, upper classes preferred machine-made goods and hand-made goods were exported to the colonies.
Answer : In Britain the upper classes preferred hand-made goods and machine-made goods were exported to the colonies.

Question. In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option:
Assertion (A): The East India Company gave advance loans to the weavers to buy raw materials.
Reason (R): The Company permanently engaged weavers and fell in the trap of debt.
Options:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

Question. State whether the following statements are true or false
With British mills busy with war production to meet the needs of the army, Manchester imports into India declined.
Answer : True

Question. ________________ try to shape the minds of people and create new needs.
Answer : Advertisements
Answer : False

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question. Name the fine variety of the Indian cotton.
Answer : Coarser cotton.

Question. When did the handloom production expand?
Answer : In the 20th century, almost doubling between 1900 and 1940.

Question. Why were merchants from towns in Europe began to move countryside in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? 
Answer : In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, merchants from the towns in Europe began moving to the countryside, supplying money to peasants and artisans, persuading them to produce for an international market.

Question. How did new inventions increase the efficiency of the production process?
Answer : The new inventions of cording, twisting, spinning and rolling enhanced the output per worker. Now each worker was able to produce more. They produced stronger thread and gain yarn.

Question. In which industries were European managing agencies interested?
Answer : They established tea and coffee plantations, acquiring land at cheap rates from the colonial government and they invested in mining, indigo and jute.

Question. How did the Indian cotton travel to Central Asia?
Answer : Bales of fine textile were carried on camel back via the north-west frontier, through mountain passes and across deserts. Armenian and Persian merchants took the goods from Punjab to Afghanistan, Eastern Persia and Central Asia.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question. How did the Swadeshi Movement responsible for the growth of Indian production?
Answer : During the Swadeshi Movement, nationalists mobilised the people to boycott foreign cloth and pressurised the Indians to use the goods made in India.
(i) Industrial groups organised themselves to protect their collective interests.
(ii) They pressurised the government to increase tariff protections and grant other concessions to support the Indian industries.
(iii) So, industrialists in India began shifting from yarn to cloth production.
(iv) As a result, cotton piece goods production in India doubled between 1900 and 1912.

Question. Explain new problem faced by the weavers in 1850s. 
Answer : (i) By the 1860s, weavers faced a new problem. They could not get sufficient supply of raw cotton of good quality.
(ii) When the American Civil War broke out and cotton supplies from the US were cut off, Britain turned to India.
(iii) As raw cotton exports from India increased, the price of raw cotton shot up. Weavers in India were starved of supplies and forced to buy raw cotton at exorbitant prices. In this situation weavers couldn’t pay.

Question. Explain any three causes which led to the decline of Indian cotton textiles in the early nineteenth century. 
Answer : (i) The British cotton manufacture began to expand.
(ii) British manufacturers pressurized the Government to restrict cotton imports.
(iii) Manufacturers began to search the overseas markets for selling their cloth.
(iv) Indian textiles faced stiff competition in other international market.
(v) There was a decline in the share of the textile.
(vi) Tariffs were imposed on cloth imports into Britain.

Question. What do you mean by fly shuttle? How did fly shuttle help the weavers? Name the regions where weavers used fly shuttle.
Answer : A mechanical device used for weaving. It helps weaver to operate large looms and weave wide pieces of cloth.
(a) Fly shuttle increased productivity for weavers.
(b) Speeded up production.
(c) R educed labour demand.
Weavers used fly shuttle in Madras, Mysore, Cochin, Bengal and Travancore.

Question. Why did industrialists in India begin shifting from yarn to cloth production?
Answer : (i) When Indian businessmen began setting up industries. They avoided competing with Manchester goods in the Indian market.
(ii) Since yarn was not imported by British in India, early cotton mills in India started producing coarse cotton yarn rather than fabric.
(iii) The yarn produced in Indian spinning mills was used by handloom weavers in India or exported to China.
(iv) In 1906 the export of Indian yarn to China declined so industrialists in India began shifting from yarn to cloth production.

Question. How did introduction of cotton mill make supervision of workers easy?
Answer : Within the mill all the processes were brought together under one roof and management. This led to a more careful supervision over the production process, a watch over quality to regulate the labour properly. So many industries set up over the English landscape.

Question. Name the sea routes that connected India with Asian countries.
Answer : (i) A vibrant sea trade operated through the main pre-colonial ports.
(ii) Surat on the Gujarat coast connected India with the Gulf and the Red Sea ports.
(iii) Masulipatnam on the Coromandal Coast and Hooghly in Bengal had trade links with the southeast Asian ports.

Question. How did the weavers suffer due to European policies?
Answer : When the demand of fine textile expanded, the weavers took the advances and hope to earn more. Along with weaving, many poor weavers cultivate a small plot of land to fulfil their family needs. But now weaving required more time and the labour of the entire family. So all family members were engaged in different stages of the weaving process but earning was very less.

Long Answer Type Questions :

Question. “Indian trade had played a crucial role in the late 19th century world economy.” Analyse the statement.
Answer : Indian trade played a crucial role in the late 19th century world economy. British manufacturers flooded the Indian market. Foodgrain and raw material exports from India to British and the rest of the world increased. But the value of British exports to India was much higher than much higher than the value of British imports from India. Thus, Britain had a trade surplus with India. Britain used this surplus to balance its trade deficits with other countries that is, with countries from which Britain was importing more than it was selling to. By helping Britain balance its deficits, India played a crucial role in the late-19th century world economy. Britain’s trade surplus in India also helped pay the so-called ‘home charges’ that included private remittances home by British officials and traders, interest payments on India’s external debt and pensions of British officials in India.

Question. Why were there frequent clashes between Gomasthas and weavers in the villages? Explain five reasons. OR
Why did the relations between Gomasthas and weavers disturb later on?
Answer : (i) Earlier the gomasthas lived within the weaving villages and had a close relationship with the weavers. They helped the weavers in times of crisis.
(ii) The new gomasthas were outsider, unfamiliar and arrogant.
(iii) They marched into the villages with Sepoys and Peons.
(iv) They often punished the weavers for delay in supply.
(v) The weavers could not bargain or demand for higher price because they were tied with the system of advance.
(vi) The price the weavers received was very low, so some weavers left their jobs and migrated to neighbouring villages.
(vii) Some weavers opposed the Company and its officials and revolted against them.
(viii) Many weavers closed down their workshops and started working as agricultural labours.

Question. “The First World War created the favourable conditions for the development of industries in India.” Support the statement with suitable examples.
Answer : (i) The First World War created a dramatically new situation. Till then industrial production had been slow.
(ii) British mills were busy with war production to meet the needs of the army. Manchester imports into India declined.
(iii) Indian mills now had a vast home market for supply.
(iv) As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs, jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents, leather boots, horse and mule saddlers and many other items.
(v) Many workers were employed as new factories were set up and old ones ran in multiple shifts.
(vi) Over the war years, industrial production boomed Manchester was unable to capture its old position in the Indian market after the war. Cotton production collapsed and export of cotton cloth from Britain fell dramatically.

Question. How did the Indian industries developed in the 19th and 20th centuries? Explain
Answer : (i) The early industrialists avoided a direct competition with the British factories.
(ii) The cotton mills started to produce coarse cotton yarn and this was exported to China.
(iii) As Swadeshi Movement gathered momentum industrialist pressurised government to increase tariff protection.
(iv) Exports to China declined and domestic markets were taken over by China.
(v) During the First World War, the British Government called upon the Indian mills to produce goods such as jute bags boots, etc. for the British Army.
(vi) As the war prolonged, England could not capture the Indian markets.

Question. Describe any five major problems faced by New European merchants in setting up their industries burns before the Industrial Revolution.
Answer : (i) Due to the expansion of world trade, the merchants wanted to expand their production.
(ii) They could create money problem for the merchants in their town.
(iii) R ulers had granted different guilds and the monopoly rights to produce and trade in specific products. So merchants were handicapped in towns.
(iv) Guilds regulated competition and prices.
(v) In the countryside, peasants and artisans were available for work.