CBSE Class 10 Social Science The Rise Of Nationalism In Europe Worksheet Set E

Objective Type Questions

Question. Name the Civil Code of 1804 which established equality before law and secured the right to property in France. 
Answer: The Napoleonic Code.

Question. Which among the following best signifies the idea of liberal nationalism of nineteenth century Europe ? 
(a) Emphasis on social justice
(b) State planned socio-economic system
(c) Freedom for individual and equality before law
(d) Supremacy of State oriented nationalism.
Answer: (d)

Question. ‘‘When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold’’. Who among the following said this popular line ?
(a) Giuseppe Mazzini
(b) Metternich
(c) Otto von Bismarck
(d) Guiseppe Garibaldi
Answer: (b)

Question. The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the :
(a) Parliament
(b) Constitution
(c) Empire
(d) National Assembly
Answer: (d)

Question. Unification of Italy took place between :
(a) 1859–1870
(b) 1866–1871
(c) 1814–1815
(d) 1859–1905
Answer: (a)

Question. Unification of Germany took place between :
(a) 1814–1815
(b) 1821–1848
(c) 1866–1871
(d) 1797–1905
Answer: (c)

Question. The treaty of 1832 recognised Greece as an independent nation :
(a) Treaty of Versailles
(b) Treaty of Paris
(c) Treaty of Vienna
(d) Treaty of Constantinople
Answer: (d)

Question. The term das volk means :
(a) Common people
(b) German philosopher
(c) Folk dance
(d) Folk poetry
Answer: (a)

Question. What was the arrangement made by the European powers to prevent French expansion in future?
(a) Their country’s military was made strong.
(b) An agreement was made with France.
(c) A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France.
(d) Military of France was dissolved.
Answer: (c)

Question. Germany was unified by :
(a) The military actions
(b) Revolutionary upsurge
(c) Peasants uprising
(d) Liberals revolution
Answer: (a)

Question. He was the Chief Minister and the Chief Architect of the movement for National Unification of Prussia :
(a) Kaiser William I
(b) Otto von Bismarck
(c) Hitler
(d) Giuseppe Mazzini
Answer: (b)

Question. He had sought to put together a coherent programme for a Unitary Italian Republic :
(a) King Victor Emmanuel II
(b) Kaiser William I
(c) Giuseppe Mazzini
(d) Chief Minister Cavour
Answer: (c)

Question. He was proclaimed King of United Italy in 1861 :
(a) Victor Emmanuel II
(b) Giuseppe Mazzini
(c) Kaiser William I
(d) Otto von Bismarck
Answer: (a)

Question. The Olive branch around the sword signifies :
(a) Being freed
(b) Readiness to fight
(c) Heroism
(d) Willingness to make peace
Answer: (d)

Question. The Treaty of Vienna was concluded between Britain, Russia, Prussia and Italy. (True/False)
Answer: False

Question. Giuseppe Garibaldi convinced the King of Prussia to unite all of Germany under his leadership. (True/False)
Answer: False

Question. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, women carried out the fight for the vote through an international suffrage movement. (True/False)
Answer: False

Question. Germany and Italy were the first two nation states to emerge in Europe. (True/False)
Answer: False

Question. After the French Revolution, French, as it was spoken in the western part of France, became the common language of the French nation. (True/False)
Answer: False

Question. Match the following :
Column A |                            Column B
1. Kaiser William-I |       (A) French Philosopher
2. Ernst Rehan |            (B) Germany
3. Zollverein  |               (C) French Painter
4. Giussepe Mazzini |   (D) Custums Union
5. Delacroix |                 (E) Young Europe
Answer: 1. (B), 2. (A), 3. (D), 4. (E), 5. (C)

Question. What does the above image depict?
(A) A poster hung on wall
(B) Postage stamp with picture of Marianne
(C) Picture of Germania, Philip Veit
(D) Caricature of Otto van Bismarck
Answer: (B)

Question. Complete the following :
The Treaty of Constantinople of 1832 recognised Greace ______.
Answer: As an independent nation.

Question. The usage of Polish language was seen as a symbol of _________ .
OR
The main function of the Prussian Zollverein was to _________ .
Answer: the struggle against the Russian dominance. OR abolish tarrif barriers.

Question. Arrange the following events in correct Sequence.
(i) Defeat of Napoleon by European powers
(ii) The First World War
(iii) Unification of Germany
(iv) Treaty of Constantinople
(A) (i) – (ii) – (iii) – (iv)
(B) (ii) – (iii) – (iv) – (i)
(C) (i) – (iv) – (iii) – (ii)
(D) (ii) – (iv) – (iii) – (i)
Answer: (C)

Question. Complete the following table.
Vienna Peace Treaty | When did take place | Important ruler fell down.
? | ? | ?
Answer: Vienna Peace Treaty | 1814– 1815 | Napoleon Bonaparte

Question. Correct the following statement and rewrite.
Chief minister Cavour who led the movement to unify the regions of Germany was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat.
Answer: Chief minister Cavour who led the movement to unify the regions of Italy was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat.

Question. Correct statement and rewrite the following :
Three wars over seven years with Austria, Denmark and Italy ended in Prussian Victory.
Answer: Three wars over seven years with Austria, Denmark and France ended in Prussian Victory.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question. To which country did the artist Frederic Sorrieu belong? 
Answer: The artist Frederic Sorrieu belonged to France.

Question. What was the meaning of liberalism in early nineteenth century in Europe ?
Answer: In early nineteenth century, liberalism was the concept of government by consent. It stressed upon the end of autocracy and clerical privileges, a constitution and representative government through parliament. Nineteenth-century liberals also stressed the inviolability of private property.

Question. What was the main aim to Treaty of Vienna 1815 ?
Answer: The main aim of Treaty of Vienna of 1815 was undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars.

Question. What was the strong demand of the emerging middle classes in Europe during nineteenth century ? 
Answer: Freedom of markets and the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital were the main demand of the emerging middle classes in Europe during nineteenth century.

Question. Explain the aim to form ‘Zollverein’, a Customs Union, in 1834 in Germany.
Answer: Zollverein was a customs union formed in 1834 at the initiative of Prussia. The union abolished tariff barriers and internal custom dues and was willing to establish free trade with neighbouring states. It reduced the number of currencies from thirty to two. Most German states joined the Zollverein.

Question. Interpret the concept of ‘liberalisation‘ in the field of economic sphere during the nineteenth century in Europe.
Answer: In the economic sphere, ‘liberalisation’ stood for the freedom of markets and the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital. Duties were levied according to the weight or measurement of the goods which were different for different states. Liberalisation meant reduction of custom duties and removal of these quotas.

Question. What does the term ‘absolutist’ imply ?
Answer: The term ‘absolutist’ implies a type of monarchical government that has centralised, autocratic and militarised apparatus.

Question. What is the significance of Civil Code of 1804 of France ?
Answer: The significance of Civil Code of 1804 was to abolish privileged status based on birth.

Question. Which countries formed the parts of Habsburg Empire ?
Answer: The countries like Croatia, Sardinia, Greece, Poland and Austria-Hungary formed the parts of the Habsburg Empire.

Question. Define the term liberalisation ?
Answer: The term ‘liberalisation’ means the freeing of economy from direct and indirect controls of government.

Question. What did liberal nationalism support in Europe in the early nineteenth century ?
Answer: Liberal nationalism supported personal freedom, abolishing privileges of aristocracy and clergy and the demand for constitution.

Question. Which major issue was criticised against by the liberal nationalists ?
Answer: The major issue that was refuted by the liberal nationalists was the censorship laws of controlling the state.

Question. Which state led the Unification of Germany ?
Answer: Prussia led the Unification of Germany.

Question. What was the basic philosophy of the conservatives ?
Answer: The fundamental philosophy of the conservatives was to emphasise the significance of traditions and established institutions and customs.

Question. What was the main objective of the Congress of Vienna of 1815 ?
Answer: The main objective of the Congress of Vienna was to establish a new balance of power in Europe, which would remove all the vestiges of imperialism of Napoleon era.

Question. What did Russia and Prussia receive after the conclusion of the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 ?
Answer: In the aftermath of the Treaty of Vienna, Russia received a part of Poland and Prussia was given a portion of Saxony.

Question. Which secret society was attended by Giuseppe Mazzini ?
Answer: Giuseppe Mazzini became a member of the secret society of Carbonari.

Question. What were the effects of the July Revolution of 1848 in Belgium ?
Answer: The July Revolution of 1848 caused an upheaval in Brussels, that resulted in the isolating of Belgium from the United Kingdom of Netherlands.

Question. Name the event that mobilised nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe in 1830-48.
Answer: The event that evoked nationalist feelings among the educated elite across the Europe in 1830-48 was the Greek War of Independence.

Question. What did John Gottfried, a German Philosopher, believe ?
Answer: John Gottfried, a German Philosopher, believed that the true German culture was to be discovered among Das Volk (common people).

Question. Which country had been partitioned by the Great Powers at the end of the eighteenth century ?
Answer: Poland had been partitioned by the great powers like Austria, Prussia and Russia at the end of the eighteenth century.

Question. Which language was seen as a symbol of the struggle against the Russian dominance ?
Answer: The usage of Polish language was seen as a symbol of the struggle against the Russian dominance.

Question. Who was the architect of German Unification of 1871 ?
Answer: Otto von Bismarck was the architect of the German Unification of 1871.

Question. What is an ‘allegory’ ?
Answer: Allegory manifests abstract ideas (greed, freedom, envy and liberty) through a person or thing.

Question. What was the most serious source of nationalist tension that evolved after 1871 in Europe ?
Answer: The most significant source of nationalist tension was the ‘Balkan tension’ that surfaced in Europe after 1871.

Question. Which areas formed the ‘Balkans’ ?
Answer: The Balkans comprised an area of topographical and ethnic vagaries, including modern day— Romania, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro.

Question. Why were merchants from town of Europe begins to move countryside In seventeenth and eighteenth centuries ? 
Answer: Due to the influence of trade guilds, merchants couldn't expand production in towns. They moved countryside, supplying small producers, artisans, peasants with orders to produce for international market.

Assertion and Reasoning Based Questions

Mark the option which is most suitable :
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.

Question. Assertion : From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries introduced various measures and practices like the idea of la patrie and le citoyen.
Reason : This was done to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people.
Answer: (a)

Question. Assertion : Germany, Italy and Switzerland were divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons whose rulers had their autonomous territories.
Reason : They were closely bound to each other in spite of their autonomous rule.
Answer: (c)

Question. Assertion : The Scottish Highlanders were forbidden to speak their Gaelic language or wear their national dress, and large numbers were forcibly driven out of their homeland.
Reason : The English helped the Protestants of Ireland to establish their dominance over a largely Catholic country.
Answer: (b)

Question. Assertion : Giuseppe Mazzini worked with the conservatives for the monarchy.
Reason : Italy had to continue to be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms.
Answer: (d)

Question. Assertion : Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation.
Reason : Weavers in Silesia had led a revolt against contractors who supplied raw material and gave them orders for finished textiles but drastically reduced their payments.
Answer: (b)

Question. Assertion : On 18 May 1848, 831 elected representatives revolted in the Frankfurt parliament.
Reason : The elected representatives revolted against the issue of extending political rights to women.
Answer: (d)

Question. Assertion : Italy was divided into seven states, of which only one was ruled by an Italian princely house.
Reason : The north was under the domination of the Bourbon kings of Spain.
Answer: (c)

Short Answer Type Questions

Question. “Ideas of national unity in early nineteenth century Europe were closely allied to the ideology of Liberalism,” Analyse the statement.
Answer: Ideas of national unity in early nineteenth century Europe were closely allied to the ideology of liberalism.
(i) For the new middle classes, liberalism stood for freedom for the individuailty and equality of all before the law.
(ii) Politically, it emphasised the concept of government by consent. Since the French Revolution, liberalism had stood for the end of autocracy and clerical privileges, a constitution and representative government through parliament.
(iii) Nineteenth-century liberals also stressed the inviolability of private property.
(iv) In the economic sphere, it stood for the freedom of markets and the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital.

Question. Describe the great economic hardships that prevailed in Europe during the 1930s. 
Answer: Great economic hardships were faced by the people of Europe in 1930’s. Some of the difficulties that they faced are:
(i) Europe witnessed population explosion.
(ii) Problem of unemployment, migration and price hike were rampant.
(iii) Peasants were in a miserable condition.

Question. How had Napoleonic Code exported to the regions under French control? Explain with examples.
Answer: Napoleonic Code :
(i) It did away all privileges based on birth.
(ii) It established equality before the law.
(iii) It secured the right to property.
(iv) Abolished feudal dues.
Through a return to monarchy, Napoleon had, no doubt, destroyed democracy in France, but in the administrative field he had incorporated revolutionary principles in order to make the whole system more rational and efficient. In the Dutch Republic, Switzerland, Italy and Germany, Napoleon simplified administrative divisions, abolished the feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues. In the towns too, guild restrictions were removed. Transport and communication systems were improved. Peasants, artisans, workers and new businessmen enjoyed a new-found freedom. Businessmen and small-scale producers of goods, in particular, began to realise that uniform laws, standardised weights and measures, and a common national currency would facilitate the movement and exchange of goods and capital from one region to another.

Question. “Culture had played an important role in the development of the nationalism in Europe during eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,” Support the statement with examples. 
Answer: Culture had played an important role in development of the nationalism in Europe during eighteenth and nineteenth century. The art and poetry, stories and music helped to express and shape nationalist feelings. For example, Romanticism, a cultural movement which sought to develop a particular form of nationalist sentiment. Romantic artists and poets generally criticised the glorification of reason and science and focused instead on emotions, intuition and mystical feelings. Their effort was to create a sense of a shared collective heritage, a common cultural past, as the basis of a nation. The true spirit of the nation (volksgeist) was popularised through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances. Collecting and recording these forms of folk culture became essential not only to the project of nation-building and recover an ancient national spirit, but also to carry the modern nationalist message to large audiences who were mostly illiterate. This was especially so in the case of Poland, which had been partitioned at the end of the eighteenth century by the Great Powers – Russia, Prussia and Austria. Even though Poland no longer existed as an independent territory, national feelings were kept alive through music and language.

Question. Write a short note on the role of women in nationalist struggles ?
Answer: Women played an important role in the nationalist struggles all over the world. Their involvement in the French Revolution also created a paradigm. They participated with men in the French Revolution. Liberty is embodied as women and liberal nationalism promoted the notion of universal suffrage, leading to the active participation of women in nationalist struggles in Europe. Nevertheless, they were granted little or no political rights till the end of the nineteenth century.

Question. What was Zollverein ? What were its wider implications ? 
Answer: The Zollverein signified German Customs Union, which represented an alliance of German states formed to manage tariffs and economic policies within their territories. Following Zollverein treaties, the Zollverein was organised and formally launched on 1st January, 1834. By 1866, the Zollverein involved most of the German states. The establishment of the Zollverein was the first paradigm in history in which autonomous states had mastered a complete economic unity without the simultaneous formation of a political federation or union.

Question. Write a short note on Giuseppe Mazzini.
Answer: Giuseppe Mazzini was a young revolutionary of Italy who played a crucial role in propagating the notion of a united Italian state. Mazzini believed that god considered nations to be the natural units of mankind. During that time, Italy was dismembered into a number of small states and kingdoms. During the 1830s, Mazzini aimed to topple varied monarchies and began a revolution to unify Italy. Mazzini also established two secret organisations, named Young Italy and Young Europe. However, the revolution faced discomfiture and Mazzini was sent into exile. Nevertheless, his notions later encouraged Cavour to unify Italy in the second half of the nineteenth century.

Question. Write a short note on Greek War of Independence ?
Answer: The Greek War of Independence was a successful war of independence that was fought by the Greek revolutionaries between 1821 and 1829 against the Ottoman Empire. During this time, the Greek nationals were profoundly impacted by the notions of liberal nationalism. The poets and artists, who added the phase of romanticism to the Greek struggle of independence, also gave their participation in this war. In the end, the Treaty of Constantinople was signed in 1832 which acknowledged Greece as an autonomous nation.

Question. How is the history of nationalism in Britain different from the rest of Europe ?
Answer: In earlier times, in Britain, the ethnic stocks comprised the English, the Welsh and the Irish. These ethnic groups had their inherent political tradition and culture. In 1688, the English parliament had wielded power from the monarchy. Through the Act of Union (1707), Scotland was absorbed into the fold of England. In 1801, Ireland was forcibly integrated into the ambit of the United Kingdom. The symbols of New Britain, the British flags, the National Anthem and the English language played important roles in shaping the history of nationalism of Britain and made it different from the rest of Europe.

Question. How had the female figures become the allegory of nations during nineteenth century in Europe ?
Answer: As far as nationalism is concerned, personification of nation is highly indispensable. Countries were often projected as female to give a shape to an abstract feeling. The female figures dispersed strong message through the exhibition of cultural icons such as the statue of liberty. Thus, female figure became an allegory of the nations. For example, in France, Marianne emerged as the embodiment of the country.