CBSE Class 10 Social Science Federalism Worksheet Set 05

Question. Which administrative authority legislates on Residuary subjects?
(a) State
(b) union
(c) Concurrent
(d) All of the options
Answer: (b) union

Question. Which administrative authority legislates on the Union list?
(a) Union Government
(b) Legislative
(c) Executive
(d) Judicial
Answer: (a) Union Government

Question. Name the subject list from which both the Union and the State governments can make laws?
(a) Union List
(b) Concurrent List
(c) State List
(d) All of the options
Answer: (b) Concurrent List

Question. What other factors besides politics keep the federations united?
(a) Language Ethnicity
(b) Power Sharing
(c) Resource Distribution
(d) All of the options
Answer: (d) All of the options

Question. Which local body has a ‘Mayor’ as its head? 
(a) Nagar Panchayat
(b) Municipal Council
(c) Municipal Corporation
(d) None of the options
Answer: (c) Municipal Corporation

Question. Much of the official work in Indian States is done in which language?
(a) English
(b) Hindi
(c) Any language.
(d) Concerned state
Answer: (d) Concerned state

Question. What is Rural local self government popularly known as?
(a) Panchayati Raj
(b) Municipal Corporation
(c) Municipal Council
(d) Ward Councils
Answer: (a) Panchayati Raj

Question. What status has been given to the ‘Hindi’ language by the Constitution of India?
(a) National Language
(b) Inter state Language
(c) Official Language
(d) State Language
Answer: (c) Official Language

Question. Describe any three steps taken by the government towards decentralization in the year 1992 
(a) The Constitution mandates the hold regular elections to local government bodies.
(b) Reservation of seats in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these institutions for the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other Backward Classes.
(c) Reservation of at least one third of all positions for women.
(d) All of the options
Answer: (d) All of the options

Question. Name any two subjects that are included in the Concurrent List.
(a) Police
(b) Trade and commerce
(c) Education
(d) Banking
Answer: (c) Education

Question. Which of the following is not an example of coming together federation.
(a) USA
(b) Switzerland
(c) Australia
(d) Spain
Answer: (d) Spain

Very Short Answer Type Question

Question. Which body plays an important role in the execution of constitutional provisions and practices?
Answer. The Supreme Court.

Question. How Panchayat samiti is formed?
Answer. Grouping together of a few village Panchayat.

Question. Who is the head of Municipal Corporation?
Answer. Mayor

Question. Who is the political head of Zila Parishad?
Answer. Chairman

Question. Write the names of the local self government in the urban areas.
Answer. Municipalities and Municipal Corporations

Question. Write the name of a nation which is an example of coming together federation?
Answer. USA

Question. What is Zila Parishad?
Answer. Coming together of all the Panchayat samities of that district

Question. According to our constitution which level of government can make laws on the residuary subjects?
Answer. Central Government

Question. What is the need of local self government?
Answer. To rule over a large country.

Question. What is meant by decentralization of power?
Answer. Giving powers to local government from centre and state Government.

Question. Which level of government can make laws on the subjects of concurrent list?
Answer. Both centre and state government

Question. Fill in the blanks-
Apart from Hindi ........... languages are scheduled in our constitution.
Answer. 21

Question. Rewrite the sentence after correcting the underlined word-
Executive has the power to make laws.
Answer. Legislative

Short Answer Type Question

Question. How is the sharing of power between the Union and the State Governments basic to the structure of the Constitution of India? Explain.
Answer: 1. Sharing of power between the Union and the State governments is very basic to the structure of the Constitution. The Constitution has distributed the legislative powers between the state government and Union government by dividing the subjects in Union list and State list, on which, these governments can make laws respectively. There is a Concurrent list as well on which, both the governments can make laws.
2. Also, State governments enjoy their own power in the states like Jammu and Kashmir. Many provisions of the Indian Constitution are not applicable in the states without the approval of the state government. On the other hand, the Union government enjoys its own hold over some of the union territories. This distribution of power is well embedded in the provisions of the constitution and is thus its basic structure.

Question. Describe any three provisions of amendment made in ’Indian Constitution’ in 1992 for making ‘Three-Tier’ government more effective and powerful.
Answer: A major step towards decentralization was taken in 1992. The constitution was amended to make the third tier of democracy more powerful and effective:
1. Now it is constitutionally mandated to hold regular elections for local government bodies
2. Seats are reserved in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these institutions for SC/ST/Backward classes. At least one third of all positions are reserved for women.
3. An independent institution called the State Election Commission has been created in each state to conduct Panchayat and Municipal elections.

Question. India comes under which type of federation and why?
Answer: 1. India comes under 'a holding together' type federation. In this type of federation, a large country divides its power between the constituent States and the National government. There is one government for the entire country and the others are governments at the State level. Both Central and State Governments enjoy their power independent of the other.
2. The Central government tends to be more powerful vis-a-vis the states. Often different constituent units of the federation have unequal powers. For example, special powers have been granted to Jammu & Kashmir 

Question. Why is decentralisation favoured in democracy? Identify any two reasons.
Answer: Two advantages of decentralisation of power:
1. When power is taken away from Central and State Governments and given to local governments, it is called decentralisation. The basic idea behind decentralisation is that there are a large number of problems and issues which are best settled at the local level. People have better knowledge of problems in their localities.
2. They also have better ideas on where to spend money and how to manage things more efficiently.

Question. Explain the vertical division of power by giving examples from India.
Answer: When power is shared among governments at different levels, i.e., the Union or the Central Government, the State Government and the Municipality and Panchayat at the lower level. This division of power involving higher and lower levels of government is called the vertical division of power.
Vertical division of power in India:
The Constitution declares India as a Union of States. Although the word 'Federation' is not used, the Indian Union is based on the principles of federation. The Constitution originally provided for a two-tier system of government, the Union Government or the Central Government representing the Union of India and the State Governments.
A third-tier of federation was added in the form of Panchayats and Municipalities. As in any federation, these different tiers enjoy separate jurisdiction. The Constitution provides for a three-fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and State Government. It contains three lists:
1. Union List (97 Subjects)
2. State List (66 Subjects)
3. Concurrent List (47 Subjects)

Question. How is federal power sharing more effective today than in the early years? Explain.
Answer: 1. Federal power sharing is more effective because of the nature of democratic politics in India. It has ensured that the spirit of federalism, respect for diversity and desire for living together have become a shared ideal in our country.
2. Federal power sharing has helped to inculcate a habit of democratic participation. Federal power sharing is the best way to realise one important principle of democracy, namely local self-government. Constitutional status for local government has helped to deepen democracy.
A. It has increased women's representation and voice in democracy.
B. Federal power sharing has led to formation of linguistic states which has actually made the country more united. It has also made administration easier.
C. It reduces the power of the Central government and gives power to regional governments.

Question. Explain any five features of federalism.
Answer: Features of federalism:
1. There are two or more levels of government.
2. Different levels of government govern the same citizens, where each level has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.
3. Existence and authority of each level of government is constitutionally governed.
4. The fundamental provisions of the Constitution cannot be unilaterally changed. Such changes require the consent of both the levels of government.
5. Courts have the power to interpret the Constitution and powers of the different levels of government. The highest court acts as the umpire if any dispute arises between different levels of governments.

Question. Which five provisions of the constitutional amendment of 1992 really strengthened the third tier of democracy in India? Explain.
Answer: Major steps towards decentralisation and strengthening of third tier taken in 1992 were:
1. Now it is constitutionally mandated to hold regular elections to Local Government bodies.
2. Seats are reserved in elected bodies for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other backward classes (OBCs).
3. At least one-third of all positions and seats are reserved for women.
4. An independent institution called the State Election Commission was created to conduct Panchayat and Municipal elections.
5. The State Governments are required to share some powers and revenue with Local Government bodies.

Question. Why has federalism succeeded in India? Which are the policies adopted by India that have ensured it? Explain. 
Answer: Reasons for success of federalism in India are:
1. Clearly laid out Constitutional Provisions providing a three-fold distribution of powers in the three lists-Union List, State List and Concurrent List-between the Union Government and State Governments.
2. The nature of democratic politics in our country ensures that the spirit of federalism, respect for diversity and desire for living together becomes a shared ideal.
3. The creation of linguistic states. Boundaries of several old states of India were changed in order to create new states. This was done to ensure that people who spoke the same language lived in the same state. Later some states were created to recognise differences based on culture, ethnicity or geography. For example: Nagaland, Uttrakhand, Jharkhand, Telangana, etc.
4. Restricting Centre-State relations. The constitutional arrangements for sharing power work depending on how the ruling parties and leaders follow these arrangements. For a long time, the same party ruled both at the Centre and in most states. Post-1990 saw the rise of regional parties. Since no single party got a clear majority in the Lok Sabha, the national parties had to enter into an alliance which led to a new culture of power sharing and respect for autonomy of State Governments.

Question. An assertion (A) and its reason (R)is given below. Read the following statements and choose the right answer from the options given below.
Assertion (A): India has a federal system.
Reasoning (R): There are three levels of government.
Options:
(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is correct but R is incorrect
(d) A is incorrect but R is correct
Answer: (a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

Question. An assertion (A) and its reason (R)is given below. Read the following statements and choose the right answer from the options given below.
Assertion (A): The distrust between Tamil and Sinhala resulted in the large scale confrontation.
Reasoning (R): A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism. 
Options:
(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are correct but R is the not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is correct but R is incorrect
(d) A is incorrect but R is correct
Answer: (a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

SOURCE BASED QUESTIONS

Read the extract and answer the following questions-
Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country. Usually, a federation has two levels of government. One is the government for the entire country that is usually responsible for a few subjects of common national interest. The others are governments at the level of provinces or states that look after much of the day-to-day administering of their state. Both these levels of governments enjoy their power independent of the other. In this sense, federations are contrasted with unitary governments. Under the unitary system, either there is only one level of government or the sub-units are subordinate to the central government. The central government can pass on orders to the provincial or the local government. But in a federal system, the central government cannot order the state government to do something. State government has powers of its own for which it is not answerable to the central government. Both these governments are separately answerable to the people.

Question. Which type of administration is present in India?
(a) Federal
(b) Unitary
(c) Despotic
(d) None of these
Answer: (a) Federal

Question. What do you understand by the unitary form of government?
Answer: One level of government while other sub-units works under it.

Question. In which of the following country there is unitary form of government?
(a) India
(b) Sri Lanka
(c) Belgium
(d) USA
Answer: (c) Sri Lanka