CBSE Class 10 Geography Water Resources Worksheet Set 03

ONE MARK QUESTIONS

Question. Name two techniques of rooftop rainwater harvesting.
Answer: a. Construction of tanks so as to store the rainwater
b. Collection of excess rainwater in the dugwell

Question. Which river is known as the ‘River of Sorrow’ ?
Answer:  Damodar river.

Question. On which river Bhakhra Nangal Dam has been constructed?
Answer: er: River Satluj.

Question. What percentage of the total volume of world’s water is estimated to exist as oceans?
Answer: 96.5 percent.

Question. On which river has the Hirakud Dam been constructed?
Answer: River Mahanadi.

Question. Write the major source of freshwater in India?
Answer: Groundwater.

Question. Name two social movements which were against the multipurpose projects.
Answer:  Narmada Bachao Andolan and Tehri Dam Andolan.

Question. Name the river on which Sardar Sarovar dam is built.
Answer: Sardar Sarovar dam is built on the Narmada.

Question. Name the oldest water-harvesting system channeling the flood water of river Ganga.
Answer: Sringaverapura near Allahabad

Question. What is the need of rainwater harvesting ?
Answer: Rainwater harvesting is needed to provide it for agriculture, collect drinking water, irrigate the fields and to moisten the soil.

Question. In which region, people built ‘Guls’ or ‘Kuls’ for irrigation?
Answer: Western Himalayas.

Question. What is the traditional system of rainwater harvesting?
Answer: The traditional system of rainwater harvesting is to build underground tanks or tankas for storing drinking water. This system is mainly practised in the arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan.

Question. How much percent of the total volume of world’s water is estimated to exist as fresh water?
Answer: 25 percent.

Question. Bhakra Nangal River Valley Project is made on the river:
(a) Sutlej-Beas
(b) Ravi-Chenab
(c) Ganga
(d) Son
Answer: (a) Sutlej-Beas

Question. The diversion channels seen in the Western Himalayas are called:
(a) Guls or Kuls
(b) Khadins
(c) Johads
(d) Recharge pits
Answer: (a) Guls or Kuls

Question. Mention one state where canal irrigation has developed.
Answer: Nagaland.

Question. Why do some people oppose dams?
Answer:  Dams may submerge the land for cultivation and disrupt the lives of the displaced people

Question. Choose the correct match-
(a) Tankas .............................................. Bikaners
(b) Bamboo drip irrigation system ................................ Madhya Pradesh
(c) Ganga ................................................ Hirakud Dam
Answer:  (a) Tankas ............................................ Bikaner

Question. India receives nearly 9 per cent of the global precipitation. True or False.
Answer: False

Question. Water of Bhakra Nangal Project is being used mainly for ..........
Answer:  Hydel power and irrigation

Question. ......... is a resistance to multi-purpose projects
Answer:  Narmada Bachao Andolan

Question. In the question given below.there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).Mark your answer as per the codes provided below :
(A) Local communities oppose Dams.
(R) Dams may submerge the land for cultivation and disrupt the lives of the displaced people.
Options:
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is False
(4) A is false but R is true.
Answer:  (1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

Question. Write some measures adopted for conservation of water resources.
Answer:  (1) Do not overdraw the ground water, recharge the ground water
(2) Avoid wastage of water at all levels.
(3) Do not pollute the water.
(4) tapping the rainwater in reservoirs, watershed development programmes, etc.
(5) Drip irrigation and sprinklers etc., especially in dry areas.

Question. Why is groundwater a highly overused resource?
Answer: Groundwater is a highly overused resource because of the following reasons:
a. Due to large and growing population and consequent greater demands for water and unequal access to it.
b. To facilitate higher food grain production for large population, water resources are being over exploited to expand irrigated areas and dry season agriculture.
c. In the housing societies or colonies in the cities, there is an arrangement of own ground water pumping devices to meet water needs.

Question. Mention the negative effect of over irrigation?
Answer:  (a) This has great ecological consequences like Stalinization of the soil.
(b) Decrease the soil fertility.
(c) It leads to water scarcity.

Question. Why did Jawaharlal Nehru proclaim dams as the ‘temples of modern India’ ? Explain any three reasons.
Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru proclaimed the dams as the “temples of modern India” because
a. They eliminate or reduce flooding. b. Provide water for agriculture.
c. Provide water for human and industrial consumption.
d. Provide hydroelectricity for houses and industries.

Question. Mention any four main objectives of multi -purpose river valley projects. Name any two Multipurpose Projects of India.
or
What is a multipurpose river valley project? Mention any four objectives of it.
Answer: A project where many uses of the impounded water are integrated with one another is known as multipurpose project. It is built for irrigation, power generation, water supply, flood control, recreation, etc.

Question. Write the main causes of water pollution.
Answer:  1. Domestic wastes,
2. lndustrial wastes are disposed off in the water without proper treatment.
3. Chemical effluents from industries and from agricultural sector.
4. Pesticides and fertilisers used in agriculture
5. Many human activities, e.g., religious rituals and immersing of idols, etc. in the water also pollute water.

Question. Explain the working of underground tanks as a part of roof top rainwater harvesting system practised in Rajasthan.
or
How were the underground tanks beneficial to the people of Rajasthan? Explain.
or
Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semiarid regions of Rajasthan is carried out.
Answer:  a. In semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan almost all the houses traditionally had underground tanks for storing drinking water.
b. They are extremely reliable source of drinking water when other sources are dried up. This is considered the purest form of natural water.
c. The tanks can be as large as big rooms.
d. The tanks were part of the well- developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system.
e. The tanks were built inside the main house or the courtyard giving cooling effect to the rooms in the summer.
f. Those tanks were connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe.
g. Rain falling on these rooftops would travel down the pipe and stored in these underground tanks.
h. Usually first: rain water is not collected to clean the rooftop and the pipe.

Question. What is Palar Pani? What is its significance in the arid regions of Rajasthan?
Answer:  The rainwater which is stored in underground tanks is potable water. It is called Palar Pani. In the arid regions of Rajasthan, it is important in the following ways.
- It is the main source of drinking water, when all other sources have dried up.
- It is considered the purest form of drinking water.
- In summer, these tanks would keep the underground rooms cool, adjoining them, clean.

Question. Describe any three traditional methods of rainwater harvesting adopted in different parts of India.
or
Describe any three different rainwater harvesting systems practised in India.
or
“Rainwater harvesting system is viable alternative both socially, economically and environmentally”. Support the statement with three examples.
Answer:  a. In hilly and mountainous regions, people build diversion channels like ‘gul’ or ‘kul’ in Western Himalaya for agriculture.
b. Roof-top rainwater harvesting was commonly practised to store drinking water particularly in Rajasthan.
c. In West Bengal, people develop inundation channels to irrigate their fields.
d. In semi-arid regions agricultural fields are converted into rainfed storage structures that allowed the water to stand and moist the soil

Question. How was water conserved in ancient India? Give any four examples in support of your answer.
Answer:  (1) In the first century B.C., Allahabad had sophisticated water harvesting system
(2) During the time of Chandragupta Maurya, dams, lakes and irrigation systems were extensively built.
(3) Sophisticated irrigation works have been found in Kalinga in Odisha, Nagarjunakonda in Andhra Pradesh, Bennur in Karnataka and Kolhapur in Maharashtra.
(4) Bhopal lake, built in the 11th century, was one of the largest artificial lakes of its time.
(5) In the 14th century, lltutmish constructed a tank in Hauz Khas, Delhi for supplying water in Siri Fort area.

Question. Write three sources of fresh water.
Answer:  (1) Precipitation - from rainfall.
(2) Surface water - in rivers, lakes, etc.
(3) Ground water - water stored in underground acquifers which gets recharged by rainfall.

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS

Question. Explain any three reasons responsible for water scarcity in India.
or
Water is available in abundance in India. Even then scarcity of water is experienced in major parts of the country. Explain it with four examples.
Answer:  a. The availability of water resources varies over space and time, mainly due to the variations in seasonal and annual precipitation.
b. Over-exploitation, excessive use and unequal access to water among different social groups.
c. Water scarcity may be an outcome of large and growing population and consequent greater demands for water. A large population means more water to produce more food. Hence, to facilitate higher food-grain production, water resources are being over exploited to expand irrigated areas for dry-season agriculture.
d. Most farmers have their own wells and tubewells in their farms for irrigation to increase their production. But it may lead to falling groundwater levels, adversely affecting water availability and food security of the people. Thus, inspite of abundant water there is water scarcity.

Question. Why is roof-top water harvesting important in Rajasthan? Explain.
Answer: Roof top water harvesting is important in Rajasthan because:
a. It was commonly practised to store drinking water.
b. The rainwater can be stored in the tanks till the next rainfall, making it an extremely reliable source of drinking water when all other sources are dried up, particularly in the summers.
c. Rain water, or palar pani, as commonly referred to in these parts, is considered the purest form of natural water.
d. Many houses construct underground rooms adjoining the ‘tanka’ to beat the summer heat as it would keep the room cool.
e. Some houses still maintain the tanks since they do not like the taste of tap water.

SOURCE BASED QUESTIONS

Question. Read the following passage and answer the questions at the end.
Multi-purpose projects and large dams have also been the cause of many new social movements like the 'Narmada Bachao Andolan' and the Tehri Dam Andolan' etc. Resistance to these projects has primarily been due to the large-scale displacement of local communities. Local people often had to give up their land, livelihood and their meagre access and control over resources for the greater good of the nation. So, if the local people are not benefiting from such projects then who is benefited? Perhaps, the landowners and large farmers, industrialists and few urban centres. Take the case of the landless in a village - does he really gain from such a project?

Question. What was the reason behind Narmada Bachao Andolan?
Answer:  Displacement of local people on a large scale

Question. Who is benefited by multi-purpose projects?
Answer:  Zamindars and big farmers or industrialists and some urban centers

Question. What is your opinion on resistance against large dam from local people. Write in your own words.
Answer:  The government should compensate the displaced people and make them partners in profit sharing.