CBSE Class 10 History Nationalism In India Worksheet Set F

Two Marks Questions

Question. Why did the militant guerrilla movement in Andhra Pradesh start?
Answer : In Gudem Hills, the colonial government had blocked large forest areas, preventing people from entering the forests. This enraged the hill people and they revolted against the British.

Question.What did British do to repress the RowlattSatyagrahi ?
Answer : Satyagrahi were compelled to rub their noses on the ground, squat on the streets and do salaam to all Britishers.

Question. Name two prominent industrialists of the early-twentieth century.
Answer : Purshottamdas Thakur and G.D. Birla were the twoprominent industrialists of the earlytwentiethcentury.

Question. Why Awadh Movement of Peasants began ?
Answer : The Awadh movement was launched against talukdars and landlords who demanded excessive high rents from peasants.

Question. Why Martial Law was imposed in Amritsar?
Answer : Local leaders were picked up from Amritsar, and Mahatma Gandhi was not allowed to enter Delhi. On 10th April, the police in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful procession that culminated widespread attacks on banks, post offices and railway stations, so Martial Law was imposed.

Question. What resolut ion was passed at Calcutta session of Congress in September 1920?
Answer : At the Calcutta Session of Congress, Gandhiji convinced other leaders to initiate a Non-Cooperation Movement in support of Khilafat and Swaraj.

Question. How can battles be fought with Satyagraha ?
Answer : The notion of Satyagraha underscored that if the cause was true, then the physical might was not indispensable to fight the oppressor.

Question. Why was the Inland Emigration Act of 1859 troublesome for plantation workers?
Answer : The Inland Emigration Act of 1859 was troublesome for plantation workers because plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without official permission. In fact people rarely got such permissions. People were not allowed to go to their homes.

Question. Which was the third early Satyagrahi Movement?
Answer : In 1918, Mahatma Gandhi ji travelled to Ahmedabad to organise Satyagraha Movement amongst cotton mill workers.

Question. Why people in rural areas were angry on Britishers?
Answer : There was a prevalence of conscription system or forced recruitment of soldiers in rural areas, culminating in acute dearth of food, accompanied by influenza epidemic.

Question. Why were Dalits ignored by the Congress for the long time?
Answer : The Congress shunned the interests of Dalits for the fear of offending the Sanatanis, the Conservative High Caste Hindus.

Question. Correct the following statement and rewrite it:
Gandhiji in 1919 decided to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed Morley-Minto Reforms (1919).
Answer : Gandhij i in 1919 decided to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act (1919).

Question. Why people started buying mill clothes instead of Khadi ?
Answer : Khadi clothes were relatively more expensive than mass-produced mill clothes. Therefore, people preferred mill clothes over Khadi.

Question. What do you know about Alluri Sitaram Raju?
Answer : Alluri Sitaram Raju was the pioneer of Andhra Pradesh. He could make astrological predictions and heal people.

Question. How Awadh movement was materialised ?
Answer : As the movement permeated in 1921, the houses of landlords and merchants were razed to the ground, bazaars were sacked and grain hoards were captured.

Three Marks Questions

Question. Why did Mahatma Gandhi decided to withdraw the non-cooperation movement?
OR
Why was non-cooperation movement called off by Gandhi ji ?
Answer : Non-cooperation movement was called off by Gandhi ji because of the following reason-
- He felt that the moment was turning violent in many places.
- Gandhi ji was firm believer of peaceful opposing the British.
- Gandhiji believed that the Satyagrahis needed to be properly trained before they would be ready for mass struggle.
- Mahatma Gandhi called off the non-cooperation movement because of the Chauri-Chaura incident in February 1922.

Question. What were the two important decisions taken at Lahore session of the Indian National Congress in 1929?
OR
Discuss the significance of the congress session in 1929 in the freedom struggle of India.
Answer : I. The congress session of Lahore was held under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1929.
II. In the session, the Indian National Congress demanded for Purna Swaraj or full Independence for India.
III. It was declared that 26 January 1930 would be celebrated as the Independence Day.
IV. People would take a pledge to struggle for complete Independence.

Question. Why did Gandhi ji re-launch civil disobedience movement?
Answer : I. The failure of second round table conference disappointed Gandhi ji.
II. When he came back to India, he saw that the government had begun a new cycle of repression.
III. Gaffar Khan and Jawaharlal Nehru were both in jail.
IV. Congress had been declared illegal.
V. A series of measures had been imposed to prevent meetings, demonstrations and boycotts.
With great apprehension, Mahatma Gandhi re-launched the civil disobedience movement.

Question. What were the limits of the civil disobedience movement?
Answer : I. For long, the Congress had ignored the dalits, fearing of offending the Sanatanis, the conservative high-caste Hindus. Thereforedalits did not participate in the movement.
II. Some of the Muslim political organizations did not respond to the civil disobedience movement since Congress is more associated with Hindu associations.
III. The relationship between the poor peasants and Congress remained uncertain during this period. Congress did not want to upset the rich peasants and landlords and was unwilling to support campaigns of the poor peasants in most places.

Question. What were the causes for the peasants movement in Awadh? How did they organize it?
Answer : - The movement in Awadh was against talukdars and landlords.
- They demanded high amount of revenue from the peasants.
- The movement was led by Sanyasi Baba Ramchandra.
- Peasants had to do begaar and work at landlords’ farms without any payment.
- The peasant movement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of begaar and social boycott of oppressive landlords.
- In many places ‘Nai-dhobi bandhs’ were organized by panchayats.

Question. Describe the civil disobedience movement. How did it become a mass movement?
Answer : I. The Dandi March marked the beginning of the civil disobedience movement.
II. People asked not only to refuse co-operation with the British but also to break colonial laws.
III. Thousands people broke the salt law and manufactured salt in different part of the country.
IV. They also demonstrated in front of government salt factories.
V. As the movement spread, foreign clothes were boycotted.
VI. Liquor shops were picketed.
VII. Peasants refused to pay revenue and chaukidari Taxes.
VIII. Village officials resigned in many places.
IX. Forest people violated forest laws by going into reserved forest to collect wood and graze cattles.

Question. Describe the participation of women in the civil disobedience movement. Why did the participation of women in large numbers in the movement not bring any radical change in the position of Indian women?
Answer : I. An important feature of the civil disobedience movement was the large scale participation of women.
II. Thousands of women came out of their homes to listen to him during Gandhiji’s salt march.
III. They participated in protest marches, manufactured salt, picketed foreign cloths and liquor shops.
IV. Many of them went to jail.
V. In urban areas, these women were from high caste families and in rural areas they came from a rich peasant household.
VI. Moved by Gandhi Ji’s call, they began to see service to the nation as a sacred duty of women.
VII. Gandhiji believed that it was the duty of women to look after home and be a good mother and wife.
VIII. After discouraged by Gandhiji and Congress, women did not hold any position of authority within the Congress. Women remained their symbolic presence in congress.

Question. Describe the participation of different social groups in the civil disobedience movement. Why did they join the movement?
Answer : I. In the countryside, rich peasant communities like the Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh were active in the movement.
II. They were producers of commercial crop and they were very hard hit by the trade depression and falling price.
III. Indian merchants and industrialists wanted protection against Import of foreign goods. They also financially help the movement. They wanted to end colonial control over Indian economy. They joined civil disobedience movement and refused to buy or sell imported goods.
IV. Another important feature of the civil disobedience movement was the large scale participation of women. During Gandhiji’S salt march, thousands of women came out of their homes to listen to him. They participated in the protest marches, manufactured salt and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops.
V. There were strikes by railway workers in 1930 and dock workers in 1932. In 1930 thousands of workers in chhotanagpur tin mines wore Gandhi caps and participated in protest rallies and boycott campaigns.

Question. Why did Gandhi ji call off civil disobedience movement?
Answer : I. Most of the Congress leaders were arrested in April 1930.
II. Angry crowds demonstrated in the street of Peshawar, facing police firing.
III. Hundreds were killed and thousands were injured.
IV. When Mahatma Gandhi was arrested, industrial workers in Solapur attacked police post, municipal buildings, law courts and railway stations.
V. The frightened government responded with a policy of brutal repression.
VI. Peaceful satyagrahis were attacked, women and children were beaten up and 1 lac people were arrested.
In such situation, Mahatma Gandhi decided to call of the moment.

Question. Why did the poor peasants not join the civil disobedience movement? Why the relationship between the poor peasants and the Congress was remained uncertain during civil disobedience movement?
Answer : I. The poor peasants were not just interested in the lowering of the revenue demand.
II. Many of them were small tenants cultivating land they had rented from landlords.
III. As the depression continued and cash incomes decreased, the small tenants found it difficult to pay their rents.
IV. They wanted to be remitted (छुटकारा) from the unpaid rent of the landlord.
V. They joined a variety of radical movements and campaigns.
VI. Congress did not want to upset that rich peasants and landlords and was unwilling to support “no rent campaigns” of the poor peasants in most places.
So the relationship between the poor peasants and Congress remained uncertain.

Question. How had a variety of cultural processes developed a sense of collective belongingness in India during the 19th century? Explain with examples.
OR
“Nationalism spreads when people begin to believe that they are all part of the same nation.” Support the statement.
Answer : We had a variety of cultural processes that developed a sense of collective belongingness in India during the 19th century these are following:
- Cultural Processes: Figures or images helped to create an image with which people identify their Nation. Abanindranath Tagore painted the famous image of Bharat Mata as she is calm, divine and spiritual.
- Indian Folklore: Ideas of nationalism also developed through a movement to receive Indian folklore. Folk tales gave a true picture of the traditional culture.
- National Symbols: During the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, a tricolor flag was designed. Gandhi ji also designed the Swrajflag in 1921.
- Reinterpretation of History: The British saw Indians as backward, primitive and incapable of governing. In response, Indian began looking into the past to discover India’s great achievements.
- New Hymns: “VandeMataram” and “Jan gan man” wrote to create a sense of collective belonging in Indians.

Question. Why did Gandhiji and Dr Ambedkar come into a conflict in the second round table conference? What was the result?
OR
Explain the circumstances leading to the Poona pact 1932. What are its provisions?
Answer : POONA PACT
I. Dr. Ambedkar demanded separate electorates for the Dalits.
II. Gandhi ji opposed it because Gandhi ji believed that separate electorates for the dalits would slow down the process of their integration into society.
III. When the British government granted Ambedkar’s demand, Gandhi ji began a fast unto death.
IV. Ambedkar finally accepted Gandhiji’s position and the result was the Poona pact of September 1932. VI. It give the depressed a reserved seats in provincial and Central legislative councils but they were to be voted in by the general electorates.

Question. Give an example to prove that the tribal peasants interpreted the message of non-cooperation Movement in different way.
OR
How did the non-cooperation Movement unfold in hills or among the tribals?
Answer : Movement among tribals-
- NCM among the tribals was started in gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh.
- Started in the form of militant guerrilla movement against the British .
- British had closed large area of forest land and they also prevented the tribals to enter into it.
- This caused the wide spread anger among the tribals against the British .
- Not only the livelihood was affected But the tribal saw it as the attack on their traditional right.
- Hence, tribals joined the non-cooperation movement.

Question. Why did the business class support the civil disobedience movement? Why did the business class not support the civil disobedience movement when it was re-launched?
Answer : I. Indian merchants and industrialists wanted protection against Import of foreign goods.
II. They wanted to end colonial control over Indian economy.
III. They joined civil disobedience movement and give financial help and refused to buy or sell imported goods.
IV. Most Businessman came to see Swaraj as a time when colonial restrictions on business would no longer exist, trade and industry would gain without any barriers.
V. They were afraid of the spread of militant activities and worried by giving influence of socialism among the younger members of the Congress.
VI. After the failure of the Round table conference, business group were no longer uniformly enthusiastic in the civil disobedience movement.

Question. Why did the rich peasant communities join the civil disobedience movement? Why did not they join when it was re-launched in 1932?
Answer : I. In the countryside, rich peasant communities like the Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh joined the movement.
II. Being producers of commercial crops, they were very hard hit by the trade depression and falling prices.
III. As their cash income disappeared, they found it impossible to pay the government’s revenue demand.
IV. The government refused to reduce the revenue demand led to widespread anger among them.
V. These rich peasants were actively participated in the boycott programs.
VI. For them the fight for Swaraj was a struggle against high revenues.
VII. But they were deeply disappointed when the movement was called off in 1931 without the deduction in revenue rates.
Therefore, when the movement was restarted in 1932, many of them refused to participate.

Question. With what aim was the Swaraj Party setup? Who formed Swaraj Party?
Answer : - Swaraj Party was setup by Motilal Nehru and CR Das in 1923.
- They wanted to participate in election to the provincial Council.
- They felt that it was important to oppose British policies within the Council.

Question. Write a note on Jallianwala Bagh incident. ( 13 April 1919)
OR
What were the circumstances that led to the the Jallianwala Bagh mascare?
OR
Why was the theRowlatt Satyagraha launched? Why was it called off?
Answer : - I. Hartal was started in Amritsar on 6th April.
- Most of the local leaders of Amritsar were arrested on 10th April and Martial Law was imposed.
- General Dyer took command of law and order.
- Jallianwala Bagh is a small bag outside of Amritsar.
- On 13th April, villagers were gathered to celebrate Baisakhi and some were present to protest against RowlattAct.
- villagers were au aware of the Martial that had been imposed in Amritsar.
- General Dyer entered the area, block the exit points and ordered fire on the crowd.
- Hundreds of people were killed and thousands were injured.
- Later dyer’s remark was that it was all done to produce terror among Indians.
- Seeing violence spread, Mahatma Gandhi called off the movement.