CBSE Class 10 Geography Lifelines Of National Economy Worksheet Set F

Read the case/source given and answer questions that follow by choosing the correct option.

Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India. Railways also make it possible for people to conduct multifarious activities like business, sightseeing, pilgrimage along with transportation of goods over longer distances. Apart from an important means of transport the Indian Railways have been a great integrating force for more than 150 years. Railways in India bind the economic life of the country as well as accelerate the development of the industry and agriculture. The Indian Railway is now reorganised into 16 zones. The distribution pattern of the Railway network in the country has been largely influenced by physiographic, economic and administrative factors. The Northern plains with their vast levell and, high population density and rich agricultural resources provided the most favorable condition for their growth. However, a large number of rivers requiring construction of bridges across their wide beds posed some obstacles. In the hilly terrains of the peninsular region, railway tracts are laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels.

Question: Which of the following factors are responsible for distribution pattern of railways network in the country? Identify the correct option:
(a) Topographical factors
(b) Economic and administrative factors
(c) Social factors
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer: d

Question: Assertion (A) Rail Transport is the most convenient means of transportation in the Northern Plains. Reason (R) The Northern Plains are densely populated, which enables the maximum number of people to utilise this means of transport. Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and Rare true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Answer: a

Question: When was the first railway line opened in India? Choose the correct option from the following.
(a) 1803
(b) 1823
(c) 1853
(d) 1854
Answer: c

Question: Why Indian railway network is mostly concentrated in Ganga Plains? Choose the most suitable option:
(a) Due to concentration of Industries.
(b) Due to topographical uniformity and high density of population.
(c) Due to high agricultural production.
(d) Due to lack of economic opportunities.
Answer: b

Question: Why is the Indian Railways called the lifeline of the country? With reference to the above context, infer the appropriate option.
(a) Railways in India bind the economic life of the country.
(b) It is the largest public undertaking in the country.
(c) Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India.
(d) All of the above
Answer: d

Question: Why is it essential to develop a unigauge system of railways in our country? Identify the correct option.
(a) It will lead to reduction in trans-shipment.
(b) Because it has larger capacity.
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) It will bring administrative convenience.
Answer: c 

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question: What is the full form of NMCC?
Answer: National Manufacturing Competitiveness council. Related Theory NMCC has been set up to increase productivity of manufacturers by incorporating appropriate policy interventions.

Question: Name the only industry which is self reliant in its value chain.
Answer: Textile industry is the only industry to be selfreliant and complete in the value chain – from raw material to the final products etc.

Question: What is a basic industry?
Answer: An industry which supply its products or raw materials to manufacture other goods is called a basic industry. Example-Iron and steel industry. Explanation: Basic industries are also known as key industries. For example, aluminum smelting, copper smelting.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question: What has necessitated the need for transport? Is it right to say that efficient means of transport are prerequisites for fast development? Justify. Or ‘‘Efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for fast development of the country.’’ Support the statement with examples.
Answer: The need for transport has been necessitated due to the need for movement of goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations or market. Some people are engaged in facilitating these movements. These are known to be traders who make the products come to the consumers by transportation. Efficient means of transport are prerequisite for fast development because more development of goods and services are not enough. The goods need to be transported from one place to another in proper time for their distribution and consumption.

Question: State the ways by which means of transport and communication help the growth of industries in India.
Answer: The ways by which means of transport and communication help the growth of industries in India are ! Transport facilities are required to transport raw materials from their source region to industrial locations. ! Final products from industries also require transport facilities for their transportation to market. ! Communication lines supply required information about various industries. ! Means of transport and communication also help in reduction of regional imbalances resulting in balanced regional development.

Question: “Distribution of roads is not uniform in India.” Support the statement with examples.
Answer: It is true that the distribution of roads is not uniform in India. For example, ! Density of roads (length of roads per 100 square km of area) varies from Jammu and Kashmir (UT), which has the lowest density of road to Kerala, which has the highest density of roads in the country. ! The density of road is high in most of the Northern states and major Southern states. It is low in the Himalayan region, North-Eastern region, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan due to their topography. ! Nature of terrain and the level of economic development are the main determinants of density of roads. Construction of roads is easy and cheaper in the plain areas while it is difficult and costly in hilly and plateau areas.

Question: Why are metalled roads better than unmetalled roads? What is the role of border roads and national highways in transportation?
Or
Explain the importance of ‘Border Roads’ for India.
Answer: Metalled roads are better than unmetalled roads because they have a waterproof coating on their upper surface, this makes them usable in all seasons. On the other hand, unmetalled roads are difficult to use in the rainy season, as their upper surface becomes uneven due to absorption of rain water. Importance of border roads is ! They have improved accessibility in areas of difficult terrain. ! These roads help in the economic development of the border areas of the country. Role of National Highways is ! National Highways link important parts of the country like state capitals and commercial centres. ! They enable fast and efficient movement of goods in areas connected to them.

Question: “Rail transport suffers from certain problems in India.” Support the statement with examples.
Answer: Rail transport suffers from certain problems which are ! The infrastructure of railways is poor. For example, the tracks are old and outdated which cause many serious railway accidents. This also leads speed reduction and cause delay in arrival of trains on stations. ! Another major problem that is being faced in India is that a large number of passengers travel without purchasing tickets. Indian railways have to bear a huge loss every year on account of travelling without tickets. ! The incidence of railway accidents in our country is greater as compared to other countries of the world. Accidents occur due to the errors and negligence of the employees.

Question: Explain any two merits and two demerits of pipelines transport.
Answer: Merits of pipelines transport are
(i) There are no trans-shipment losses or delays in transportation of materials.
(ii) Their construction has made inland locations of refineries like Barauni and Mathura and gas based fertiliser plants viable. Demerits of pipelines transport are
(i) Initial costs of laying pipelines are very high, particularly oil and gas pipelines which have to be laid underground.
(ii) Leakage in pipes or damage to the pipeline might pollute soil and contaminate ground water, damaging the environment.

Question: Explain briefly the advantages that result in using waterways as a mode of transport for heavy and bulky goods.
Answer: Advantages/features of using waterways as mode of transport for heavy and bulky goods are ! Waterways are the cheapest means of transport and most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods. ! They are fuel-efficient and environment-friendly mode of transport. ! Heavy and bulky goods being exported or imported are easier for trans-shipment from waterways to ships on the coast, as the waterways lead to ports.

Question: Explain any four characteristics of Kandla sea port.
Answer: The four characteristics of Kandla sea port are
(i) It was the first port developed soon after independence. (ii) It was developed to reduce the volume of traffic on Mumbai port. (iii) It is a tidal port. (iv) It caters to the convenient handling of exports and imports of highly productive granary and industrialised belts including Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat.

Question: Why is air transport more popular in the North- Eastern part of the country? Give three reasons. Or “Airways is the most preferred mode of transport in North-Eastern states of India.” Give three reasons to prove this preference.
Answer: Air transport or airways is the most preferred mode of transport in the North-Eastern states in India because
(i) Big and wide rivers are present in the North Eastern states, due to which rail or road bridges over them are difficult and costly to construct. (ii) This area has dissected relief features, preventing durable construction of rail and road links.
(iii) Dense forests in this region create many difficulties in construction of railway lines and roads.

Question: Describe the importance of the cotton textile industry in the Indian economy.
Answer: The importance of the cotton textile industry in the Indian economy is:
(1) The textile industry occupies a unique position in the Indian economy because of its significant contributions towards industrial production, employment generation, and foreign exchange earnings.
(2) Additionally, it is the only industry which is self-reliant and complete in its value chain. Hence its production employs multiple people at all stages..
(3) The industry has close links with agriculture and provides a living to many people (farmers, cotton ball pluckers, dyers, designers, etc.). It therefore supports many other industries, such as chemicals and dyes, mill stores, packaging materials and engineering works.
(4) The hand spun khadi also provides large scale employment to weavers in the cottage industry.

Question: Describe the importance of manufacturing industries as a backbone of economic development of the country.
OR
Explain with examples the interdependence of agriculture and industries.
Answer: The manufacturing sector is considered as the backbone of economic development of a country because:
(1) The manufacturing sector provides employment to a large number of people in the industrial as well as service sectors.
(2) It helps in increasing agricultural productivity by modernising agriculture.
(3) It also helps in minimising regional disparities by setting up industries in tribal and backward areas of the country.
(4) It leads to the economic development of the country by getting foreign exchange in return of trading goods.
(5) It also leads to the expansion of trade and commerce.
(6) It helps in the transformation of raw materials into furnished goods that are higher in price and value.

Question: Mention the challenges faced by the jute industries in India. With what objectives the National Jute Policy was formed in 2005?
Answer: Challenges faced by Jute Industries are as follows:
(1) Stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes.
(2) Stiff competition from other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand. Objectives of National Jute Policy-2005: In 2005, National Jute Policy was formulated with the objectives of increasing productivity, improving quality, ensuring good prices to the jute farmers and enhancing the yield per hectare.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question: Explain the importance of roadways as a means of transport.
Answer: The importance of roadways as a means of transport is ! Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances. ! Road transport also provides door-to-door service, thus, the cost of loading and unloading is much lower. ! Road transport links other modes of transport like between railway stations, air and sea ports. ! National and state highways help in linking the extreme parts of the state and country. Through roads the entire country is connected. ! People can go from one place to another in search of jobs, businesses, tourism etc and goods can be transported due to proper linking of roads. Thus, road ways are a very important means of transportation.

Question: Explain the importance of railways as a means of transport.
Answer: The importance of Indian Railways as a means of transport is ! Railways are considered as the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India. Daily a lot of commuters and office goers travel through railways. ! Railways provides cheap mode of transport to all. It is cheaper as compared to other modes of transport like airways. ! Railways help to conduct various activities, viz, business, sightseeing, pilgrimage, transportation of goods over long distances etc. Through these activities railways add more revenue to the economy of a country. ! Railways bind the economic life of our country by accelerating the development of the industry and agriculture. ! The Indian Railways is the largest public sector undertaking in the country which is the biggest employer in India.

Question: ‘‘Sugar industry in India is facing challenges.’’ Analyse the statement with suitable arguments.
Answer: Challenges faced by Sugar Industry:
(1) Seasonal nature of industry.
(2) Old machinery.
(3) Ineffcient method of production.
(4) Transport delay.
(5) The need to maximize the use of baggase.
(6) Any other relevant point.

Question: Explain the factors which are responsible for location of industries.
Answer: Factors responsible for location of industries are –
(1) Easy availability of raw material – Industries are located close to a place where uninterrupted, easy and cheap sources of raw material are found along with fast and easy transportation.
(2) Availability of cheap labour – Industries are generally located in close proximity to highly populated regions which become easy and inexhaustible sources of cheap labour.
(3) Availability of capital – Money or capital is an essential factor needed without which production is not possible. Thus, banking facilities help provide capital to the investor in the form of loAnswer:
(4) Availability of uninterrupted power supply.
(5) Availability of market to sell goods made in industries, with easy transportational and communication facilities are also very important for location of an industry.
(6) Availability of Water: Water is one of the major things required in any industry. It is very important in deciding an appropriate location.

Question: What is the manufacturing sector ? Why is it considered the backbone of development? Interpret the reason.
Answer: Definition of Manufacturing Sector: Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing. It is considered as backbone of development because:
(1) It not only helps in modernising agriculture but also forms the backbone of our economy.
(2) Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country.
(3) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce.
(4) Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous.
(5) Any other relevant point.

Question: Explain any two main challenges faced by the jute industry in India. Explain any three objectives of the National Jute Policy.
Answer: Challenges faced by the jute industry in India are: 
(1) Stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes.
(2) Supply competition from other jute producing nations like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand.
(3) Small farmers face hard competition from outside India. The major objective of the National Jute Policy, 2005 are:
(1) To increase productivity by producing more and providing material to farmers on lower rates.
(2) To improve quality by providing them good material.
(3) Ensuring fair prices for the jute farmers by fixing prices.
(4) Enhancing the yield per hectare.
(5) The internal demand for jute has been on the increase.
(6) The government made the use of jute packaging mandatory.

Question: ‘The challenge of sustainable development requires control over industrial pollution.’Substantiate the statement with examples.
Answer: (1) On one hand Industries lead to extensive industrial growth and expansion, other hand these are also the cause of environmental degeneration which prompt to the different type of air, water pollution.
(2) There is an increasing requirement to use a further sustainable model. 
(3) Industries must produce eco-friendly products and dump wastes responsibly (4) Use of latest technology can help industries to control pollution and lead towards sustainable mode of operation.
(5) Industries use- Reuse-Recycle-Refuse approach.
(6) If necessary, dump waste in specified places, away from the land and water sources, for example- before dumping treat well and make useful forother than drinking purpose,stop using thermal plants in some of the locations.

Question: Suggest any five measures to control industrial pollution in India.
Answer: Measures to control industrial pollution:
(1) Fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators.
(2) Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.
(3) Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers
(4) Almost all machinery can be redesigned to increase energy effciency a nd reduce noise.
(5) Noise absorbing material may be used apart from personal use of earplugs and earphones.