CBSE Class 10 Geography Manufacturing Industries Worksheet Set F

Objective Type Questions

Question. Which of the following industries are based on agricultural raw materials?
(a) Silk or woollen textiles
(b) Sugar, cotton and jute
(c) Sugar and edible oil
(d) All of these
Answer : (d) All of these

Question. Which of the following regions has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries?
(a) Chhotanagpur Plateau
(b) Deccan Plateau
(c) Malwa Plateau
(d) The Central Highland
Answer : (a) Chhotanagpur Plateau

Question. Arrange the following in correct sequence
(i) Transporting cloth to the workshops
(ii) Sale in shops and showrooms
(iii) Spinning the yarn
(iv) Weaving of the fabric
Options:
(a) (i) – (iv) – (iii) – (ii)
(b) (iii) – (iv) – (ii) – (ii)
(c) (iv) – (i) – (ii) – (iii)
(d) (iii) – (iv) – (ii) – (i)
Answer : (b) (iii) – (iv) – (ii) – (ii)

Question. ______________ is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods and stands at second place as an exporter after Bangladesh.
Answer : India

Question. India has the ______________ largest installed capacity of spindles in the world.
Answer : second

Question. _____________ of water occurs when hot water from factories is drained into water sources before cooling.
Answer : Thermal pollution

Question. ______________ industry is used for manufacturing aircrafts, utensils and wires. 
Answer : Aluminium smelting

Question. ______________ and consumption of steel is often regarded as the index of the country’s development.
Answer : Production

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question. Which industries cause the water pollution?
Answer : Paper, paper pulp chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries, electroplating industries, detergents, acids, salts, pesticides, fertilisers, synthetic chemicals etc.

Question. What does the electronics industry consist of?
Answer : The electronics industry covers a wide range of products from transistor sets to television, telephones, cellular telecom, telephone exchange, radars, computers and many other equipments required by the telecommunication industry.

Question. Which city has emerged as the electronic capital of India?
Answer : Bengaluru.

Question. How does the thermal pollution of water occur?
Answer : Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal power plants is drained into water bodies before cooling.

Question. Name the countries to whom India exports yarn and other cotton goods.
Answer : India exports yarn to Japan and other cotton goods to USA, UK, Russia, France, East European countries, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka and African countries. 

Question. What are consumer industries? Give an example. Define small scale industry.
Answer : Industries that produce goods which are directly used by consumers are known as consumer industries e.g. sugar, toothpaste, paper, fans, sewing machines, etc.

Question. Which cottage industry provides large scale employment to weavers?
Answer : The handspun khadi provides large scale employment to weavers in their homes as a cottage industry.

Question. Where was the most manufacturing units located in the pre-Independence period?
Answer : In the pre-Independence period, most of the manufacturing units were located in places from the point of view of overseas trade.

Question. What are basic industries? Give an example.
Answer : Industries which supply their products or raw materials to manufacture other goods are known as basic industries. Iron and steel, copper smelting and aluminium industry are examples of this industry.

Question. Which sector is considered to be the backbone of development?
Answer : Manufacturing sector.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question. What are cooperative sector industries? How do they work? Clarify.
Answer : (i) Cooperative sector industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both.
(ii) They pool their resources and share the profits or losses proportionately.
(iii) The sugar industry in Maharashtra and the coir industry in Kerala are good examples of cooperative sector industry.

Question. Why do the iron and steel industry mostly not able to perform their potential?
Answer : The iron and steel industries not able to perform their potential due to—
(a) High costs and limited availability of coking coal
(b) Lower productivity of labour
(c) Irregular supply of energy
(d) Poor infrastructure

Question. What are the causes of noise pollution and its impact on human being?
Answer : (i) Unwanted sound is an irritant and a source of stress.
(ii) Industrial and construction activities, machinery, factory equipment, generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drills make a lot of noise.
(iii) Noise pollution not only results in irritation and anger, it can also cause hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure among human beings.

Question. Give reasons for decentralisation of weaving of textile industry in India.
Answer : (i) Weaving is done by handloom, powerloom and in mills. 
(ii) In India, weaving is higly decentralised to provide scope for incorporating traditional skills and designs of weaving in cotton, silk, zari, embroidery, etc.
(iii) India has worldclass production in spinning, but weaving supplies low quality of fabric as it cannot use much of the high quality yarn produced in the country.

Question. What is the importance of automobile industry in India? Examine the impact of liberalisation on it.
OR
Mention any two factors that have contributed to a healthy growth of the automobile industry in India? Name two centres where this industry is located.
Answer : (i) Automobiles provide vehicles for quick transport of goods and passengers.
(ii) Trucks, buses, cars, motor cycles, scooters, three wheelers and multi utility vehicles are manufactured in India at various centres.
(iii) After the liberalisation, the introduction of new and contemporary models of vehicles stimulated the demand for vehicles in the market, which led to the growth of the industry including passenger cars, two and three wheelers.
(iv) This industry had experienced a quantum jump in less than 15 years.
(v) Foreign Direct Investment brought in new technology and aligned the industry with global developments. The two centres of automobile industry are Jamshedpur and Gurgaon.

Question. Classify industries on the basis of the source of raw materials. How are they different from each other?
Answer : On the basis of source of raw materials used are as follows:
(i) Agro-based industry: Industry which obtained raw materials from agriculture are known as agro-based Industry. Examples are—Cotton, woollen, jute, silk, textile, rubber, sugar
(ii) Mineral-based industry: Industries which obtained raw materials from minerals are known as mineral-based industry. Examples are—Iron and steel, cement, aluminium, petro-chemicals, etc.

Question. How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced? Explain in brief.
Answer : (i) Minimising the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
(ii) Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
(iii) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them into rivers and other water bodies.

Question. What are the causes of soil pollution?
Answer : (i) Soil and water pollution are closely related.
(ii) Dumping of wastes specially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, salts and garbage makes the soil useless.
(iii) Rainwater percolates to the soil carrying the pollutants to the ground and the groundwater also gets contaminated.

Question. What is the contribution of textile industry in the Indian economy?
Answer : (i) Textile industry contributes 14 per cent industrial production, 35 million persons directly employed in the industry, it earns about 24.6 per cent of foreign exchange.
(ii) It contributes 4 per cent towards GDP.
(iii) It is the only industry in the country, which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain i.e. from raw material to the highest value-added products.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question. “The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industry.” Justify the statement.
OR
“The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries.” Support the statement with arguments.
Answer : The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries. This statement can be justified in the following points:
(i) Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular.
(ii) Manufacturing industry not only help in modernising agriculture, they also reduce the dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs.
(iii) Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in backward areas.
(iv) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
(v) Indian’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible.

Question. Why does the textile industry occupy a unique position in the Indian economy?
Answer : (i) The textile industry contributes significantly to industrial production, i.e. about 14%.
(ii) Wide market and the availability of transport, banking and electricity facilities in almost all parts of the country have led to the spread of textile mills in different areas of the country.
(iii) It is the only industry in India which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain, i.e. from raw material to the highest value added products.
(iv) Textile industry is a labour intensive industry, so a large number of people are employed in different stages of its working such as weeding, spinning, leaving, dyeing, designing, printing, tailoring and sewing.
(v) The textile industry not only employs lot of people but also provides a huge amount to country. In
rural areas the handloom industry is doing its work while in the urban areas the textile mills and
factories work day and night.

Question. What is manufacturing sector? Describe four types of manufacturing sector on the basis of ownership.
Answer : Manufacturing sector—
Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing.
Four types of manufacturing sector—
(i) Public sector: It is owned and operated by government agencies e.g. BHEL, SAIL, NTPC, etc.
(ii) Private sector: It is owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals. e.g. TISCO, Reliance, Bajaj Auto Ltd, Dabur industries, etc.
(iii) Joint Sector: Industries which are jointly run by the state and individuals or a group of individuals as a joint venture are in joint sector. Oil India Ltd, Maruti Udyog Ltd. are examples of this type of industry.
(iv) Cooperative Sector: This type of industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. They pool their resources and share the profits or losses proportionately. The sugar industries in Maharashtra and the coir industry in Kerala are good examples of this type of industry.

Case Based Questions

Read the source given below and answer the questions by choosing the most appropriate option.

Over the last two decades, the share of manufacturing sector has stagnated at 17 per cent of GDP – out of a total of 27 per cent for the industry which includes 10 per cent for mining, quarrying, electricity and gas. This is much lower in comparison to some East Asian economies, where it is 25 to 35 per cent. The trend of growth rate in manufacturing over the last decade has been around 7 per cent per annum. The desired growth rate over the next decade is 12 per cent. Since 2003, manufacturing is once again growing at the rate of 9 to 10 per cent per annum. With appropriate policy interventions by the government and renewed efforts by the industry to improve productivity, economists predict that manufacturing can achieve its target over the next decade. The National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) has been set up with this objective.

Question. Which of the following statements is correct about NMCC?
(a) It was set up as a part of its Common Minimum Programme.
(b) It was established as an autonomous organisation.
(c) Its objective to improve manufacturing productivity.
(d) All of the above
Answer : (b) It was established as an autonomous organisation.

Question. At what per cent of GDP has the share of manufacturing sector stagnated out of total 27 per cent?
Answer : 17 per cent

Question. In which year has the National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) been set up?
Answer : 2004

Read the source given below and answer the questions by choosing the most appropriate option.

Chhotanagpur plateau region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries. It is largely, because of the relative advantages this region has for the development of this industry. These include, low cost of iron ore, high grade raw materials in proximity, cheap labour and vast growth potential in the home market. Though, India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world yet, we are not able to perform to our full potential largely due to: (a) High costs and limited availability of coking coal (b) Lower productivity of labour (c) Irregular supply of energy and (d) Poor infrastructure.

Question. Which among the following is best suited title for the passage?
(a) Concentration of Iron and Steel Industries
(b) Concentration of Cheap Labour
(c) Potential of Mineral Ore
(d) Potential of Energy Resources
Answer : (a) Concentration of Iron and Steel Industries

Question. Where are most of the iron and steel industries located because of its availability of resources?
Answer : Chhotanagapur plateau ragion

Question. The iron and steel industries are not able to perform their potential. Why?
Answer : The Iron and Steel industries are not able to perform their potential due to high cost and limited availability of labour, lower productivity of labour, and irregular supply of energy.