CBSE Class 10 Geography Manufacturing Industries Worksheet Set G

Objective Type Questions

Question. Which one of the following is a private sector industry?
(a) BHEL
(b) SAIL
(c) TISCO
(d) OIL
Answer : (c) TISCO

Question. Powerlooms came into use after–
(a) 17th century
(b) 18th century
(c) 19th century
(d) 20th century
Answer : (b) 18th century

Question. Sugar: Consumer industry, BHEL: Public sector industry, _____________ : Joint sector industry
(a) Toothpaste
(b) Coir
(c) Tisco
(d) Oil
Answer : (d) Oil

Question. In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option:
Assertion (A): The iron and steel industry is the basic industry.
Reason (R): All the other industries such as heavy, medium and light, depend on it for their machinery.
Options:
(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Answer : (a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

Question. Identify the industry with the help of the following features.
- The industry has close links with agriculture.
- It provides a living to farmers.
- It creates demands that support many other industries such as chemical and dyes, packaging materials.
Answer : Cotton Textile Industry

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question. Give some examples of manufacturing.
Answer : Paper is manufactured from wood, sugar from sugarcane, iron and steel from iron ore and aluminium from bauxite.

Question. Suggest any one way to promote jute textile industry in India. 
Answer : To increase the demand and market for jute and jute textile as well as jute-allied products research has been initiated so that besides the traditional jute bags, ropes, gunny bags etc new products are made e.g.,paper, jute textile, carpet, decorative items, etc.

Question. How is cement industry responsible for land degradation?
Answer : Cement industry is responsible for land degradation because the mineral processing like grinding to limestone for this industry generate huge quantity of dust in the atmosphere.

Question. What are the problems of cotton textile industry in India?
Answer : (i) Power supply is erratic.
(ii) Low output of labour and stiff competition with the synthetic fibre industry, are other problems of the textile industry in our country. The first jute mill was set up near Kolkata at Rishra in 1855.

Question. What factor has opened the opportunity for jute products?
Answer : The growing global concern for environment friendly, biodegradable materials has once again opened the opportunity for jute products.

Question. When was the first textile mill established in India?
Answer : The first textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854.

Question. Why has the National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council been set up?
Answer : The National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) has been set up with the objective of appropriate policy interventions by the government and renewed efforts by the industry to improve productivity.

Question. What is NTPC?
Answer : NTPC (National Thermal Power Corporation) is a major power providing corporation in India.

Question. What is agglomeration economies?
Answer : Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres known as agglomeration economies.

Question. What is water pollution?
Answer : Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents discharged into rivers and other water bodies.

Question. What is the ideal location of an industry?
Answer : Ideal location of an industry depends upon (i) Cost of obtaining raw materials at site. (ii) Cost of production at site (iii) Cost of distribution of production (iv) Decision to locate factory at site.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question. Consequence of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries.” Justify the statement.
Answer : Consequence of environment degradation do not respect national or state boundaries. Increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise resulting degradation of environmental due to rapid industralisation. Environmental degradation affects plants and wildlife and micro-organisms. When industries release harmful chemicals and toxic, humans suffer. Humans are killing our planet Earth and its consequences are tremendous.

Question. Explain any five factors affecting the location of a industry.
Answer : The factors affecting the location of an industry:
(i) Availability of raw material,
(ii) Availability of cheap labour,
(iii) Availability of capital and bank facilities,
(iv) Availability of power and other infrastructure,
(v) Availability of adequate and swift means of transport,
(vi) Proximity to markets

Question. What are the major drawbacks for the cotton textile industry in India? OR
Describe any three major problems faced by cotton textile industry in India. 
Answer : (i) The weaving, knitting and processing units cannot use much of the high quality yarn that is produced in the country.
(ii) Erratic power supply, outdated machinery and low output of labour.
(iii) There are some large and modern factories in these segments, but most of the production is in fragmented small units, which cater to the local market.
(iv) As a result, many of our spinners export cotton yarn while apparel/garment manufacturers have to import fabric. This mismatch is a major drawback for the textile industry in India.

Question. What are the contribution of industry to national economy?
Answer : (i) Over the last two decades, the share of manufacturing sector has stagnated at 17 per cent.
(ii) Since 2003, manufacturing is once again growing at the rate of 9 to 10 per cent per annum.
(iii) With appropriate policy interventions by the government and renewed efforts by the industry to improve productivity, manufacturing can achieve its target over the next decade.

Question. “Industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand.” Validate the statement.
Answer : (i) After an industrial activity starts, urbanisation follows. Sometimes industries are located in or near the cities. Industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand.
(ii) Cities provide markets and also provide services such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice. etc. to the industry.
(iii) Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centers known as agglomeration economies.

Question. What challenges are faced by the jute textile industries in India? Mention the main objectives of National Jute Policy, 2005.
OR 
Explain any two main challenges faced by the jute industry in India. Explain any three objectives of National Jute Policy. 
Answer : (i) Jute industry is facing stiff competition in the market from synthetic substitutes.
(ii) Most of the machinery in jute industry are old and hence the output of labourers is very low. 
(iii) Jute industry is facing stiff competition in the international market from other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand.
(iv) In 2005, National Jute Policy was formulated with the objective of increasing productivity,improving quality, ensuring good prices and enhancing the yield per hectare.

Question. “Chhotanagpur plateau region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries.” Why?
OR
Why do we have maximum concentration of iron and steel industry in Chhotanagpur plateau region?
Give any three regions. OR
Explain the reasons for concentration of iron and steel industries in and around Chhotanagpur region.
Answer : (i) It is largely because of the relative advantages this region has for the development of iron and steel industry.
(ii) These include low cost of iron ore, high grade raw materials in proximity has encouraged the concentration of iron and steel industries in this region.
(iii) Availability of cheap labour and vast growth potential in the home market has helped in the concentration of this industry.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question. Classify industry on the basis of ownership and classify with suitable examples.
OR
Classify the industries on the basis of ownership and give one example of each category.
Answer : On the basis of ownership, industry can be classified into the following categories.
(i) Public sector: It is owned and operated by government agencies e.g. BHEL, SAIL, NTPC, etc.
(ii) Private sector: It is owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals. e.g. TISCO, Reliance, Bajaj Auto Ltd, Dabur industries, etc.
(iii) Joint Sector: Industries which are jointly run by the state and individuals or a group of individuals as a joint venture are in joint sector. Oil India Ltd, Maruti Udyog Ltd. are examples of this type of industry.
(iv) Cooperative Sector: This type of industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. They pool their resources and share the profits or losses proportionately. The sugar industries in Maharashtra and the coir industry in Kerala are good examples of this type of industry.

Question. Describe any five factors responsible for the concentration of jute mills along the banks of the Hugli river.
Evaluate the factors which are responsible for the location of jute industry in West Bengal.
Or 
Answer : Factors responsible for the location of jute mills in the Hugli basin are as follows:
(i) Proximity of the jute producing areas.
(ii) Inexpensive water transport, supported by a good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitate movement of raw material to the mills.
(iii) Abundant water from Hugli river for processing raw jute.
(iv) Cheap labour from West Bengal and neighbouring states of Bihar, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh is available.
(v) Kolkata as a large urban centre provides banking, insurance and port facilities for export of jute goods.

Question. Explain five types of industrial pollution.
Answer : Undoubtedly, the rapid growth in industries has led to considerable economic growth but it has also led to the increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise eventually resulting in degradation of environment.
Industries are responsible for five types of pollution:
(i) Air pollution: Presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide in the air is very dangerous. Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants, and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories that ignore pollution norms. Toxic gas leaks can be very hazardous with long-term effects. It adversely affects human health, animals, plants, buildings and the atmosphere as a whole.
(ii) Water pollution: Organic and inorganic industrial wastes and affluents are discharged into rivers. They make the river water polluted. The main industries that are responsible for it includes paper, pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries that let out dyes, detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury pesticides, fertilisers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, etc. into the water bodies.
(iii) Thermal pollution: It occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.
(iv) Land pollution: Dumping of wastes specially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, salts and garbage makes the land unfertile. Rainwater takes the pollutants deep to the ground thus contaminating the groundwater.
(v) Noise pollution: Industrial and construction activities, machinery, factory equipment, generators, electric drills, etc. cause a lot of noise pollution. Noise pollution causes irritation and anger. It can also cause hearing impairment, increased heart-beat and blood pressure.

Question. Which industry is seasonal in nature? Why are sugar mills shifting and concentrating in the southern and western states of India? State the major challenges of the sugar industry in India.
Answer : Sugar industry is seasonal in nature. The sugar mills shifting and concentrating in the southern and
western states of India due to:
(i) The sugarcane produced in the southern and western states has a higher sucrose content.
(ii) The moderate climatic conditions also ensures a longer crushing season.
(iii) Most of the sugar mills are run by the cooperatives which are more successful in these states.
Major Challenges:
(i) The seasonal nature of the industry.
(ii) Old machinery and inefficient methods of production.
(iii) Transport delay in reaching sugarcane to factories.
(iv) There is a need to maximise the use of biogases.

Question. Analyse the role of chemical industries in the Indian economy 
Answer : The role of chemical industry in the Indian economy are:
(i) It is fast growing and diversifying industry and contributes approximately 3 per cent of the GDP.
(ii) It is the third largest in Asia and occupies the twelfth place in the world in term of its size.
(iii) It comprises both large and small scale manufacturing units.
(iv) Rapid growth has been recorded in both inorganic and organic sectors.
(v) Organic chemicals include petrochemicals which are used for manufacturing of synthetic fibers, rubber, plastics, and dye stuffs.
(vi) Inorganic chemicals include sulphuric acid, fertilizers, synthetic fibers, plastics, adhesives, paints, etc.
(vii) This industry is its own largest consumer.

Question. Why is the economic strength of a country measured by the development of manufacturing industries? Explain with examples.
Answer : The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries. Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular mainly because:
(i) Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, but also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sector.
(ii) Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country.
(iii) It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backwards areas.
(iv) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
(v) Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher value are prosperous.

Question. Explain the processes of manufacturing of steel?
Answer : (i) Transport all raw materials i.e. iron ore, coking coal, limestone, manganese to the plant.
(ii) In blast furnace, iron ore is melted. Limestone is fluxing material which is added, slag is removed, coke is burnt to heat the ore.
(iii) Molten materials poured into moulds called pigs.
(iv) Pig iron is further purified by melting and oxidising the impurities. Manganese, nickel, chromium are added.
(v) For shaping metal, rolling, pressing, casting and forging are done.