CBSE Class 10 Geography Minerals And Energy Resources Worksheet Set G

Objective Type Questions

Question. Jharia is famous for
(a) Iron mines
(b) Coal mines
(c) Nickel
(d) Copper mines
Answer : (b) Coal mines

Question. Thermal electricity is generated by using
(a) Coal
(b) petroleum
(c) natural gas
(d) All of these
Answer : (b) petroleum

Question. The principal lignite reserves are used for
(a) generation of wind power
(b) generation of electricity
(c) generation of thermal power
(d) None of these
Answer : (a) generation of wind power

Question. Which of the following is fast becoming popular in rural and remote areas?
(a) Atomic energy
(b) Solar energy
(c) Tidal energy
(d) Atomic energy
Answer : (b) Solar energy

Question. Which of the following minerals are obtained from veins and lodes?
I. Zinc
II. Copper
III. Coal
IV. Bauxite
(a) Only (I) and (II)
(b) Only (II) and (III)
(c) Only (III) and (IV)
(d) All of these
Answer : (a) Only (I) and (II)

Question. Which of the following is not non-conventional sources of energy?
(a) Solar energy
(b) Wind energy
(c) Hydroelectricity
(d) Biogas
Answer : (c) Hydroelectricity

Question. Odisha is the largest producer of manganese ores in India.
Answer : True

Question. Minerals are usually found in ______________ .
Answer : Ores

Question. Geologists define ______________ as a homogenous naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure.
Answer : mineral

Question. Limestone is found in association with ______________ composed of calcium carbonates or calcium and magnesium carbonates.
Answer : rocks

Question. ______________ is formed due to evaporation.
Answer : Gypsum

Question. Identify the plateau with the help of the following features.
- A storehouse of minerals
- Has very high grade hematite iron ore
- Most of the mica deposits are found in its northern edge.
Answer : Chota Nagpur plateau

Question. Identify the minerals with the help of the following features.
- Ferrous minerals account for about three-fourths of the total value of the production of metallic minerals.
- They provide a strong base for the development of metallurgical industries.
- India exports substantial quantities of ferrous minerals after meeting her internal demands.
Answer : Ferrous minerals

 Question. Identify the belt of iron ore with the help of the following features.
- In Odisha high grade hematite ore is found.
- It is found in Badampahar mines in the Mayurbhauj and Kendujhar districts.
- In the adjoining Singbhum district of Jharkhand hematite iron ore is mined in Gua and Noamudi.
Answer : Odisha: Jharkhand belt

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question. What is mica?
Answer : Mica is a mineral made of a series of plates or leaves.

Question. How is hydro-electricity generated?
Answer : Hydro electricity is generated by fast flowing water which drives hydro turbines to generate electricity.

Question. What are ore, veins and lodes?
Answer : Ore is an accumulation of any mineral mixed with other elements. Veins are the small occurence of minerals in the cracks, crevices, faults or joints in the igneous and metamorphic rocks, whereas the larger ones are called lodes.

Question. Name the highest quality and lowest quality of coal.
Answer : Anthracite is the highest quality of coal. Peat is the lowest quality of coal.

Question. Name the areas where the largest wind farm cluster located in Tamil Nadu.
Answer : The largest wind farm cluster is located in Tamil Nadu from Nagarcoil to Madurai.

Question. What are non-ferrous minerals? Give two examples.
Answer : Metallic minerals which does not contain iron are known as non-ferrous minerals e.g. bauxite, copper, etc.

Question. Which energy resource is gaining wide popularity in the country?
Answer : Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) for vehicles to replace liquid fuels is gaining wide popularity in the country.

Question. How is solar energy produced?
Answer : Solar energy is produced by tapping solar energy through photovoltaic technology which converts sunlight directly into electricity.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question. Which energy is produced by ocean water? How is it generated?
Answer : Tidal energy is produced by oceanic water.
(i) Oceanic tides can be used to generate electricity by building floodgate dams across inlets.
(ii) During high tide, water flows into the inlet and gets trapped when the gate is closed.
(iii) After the tide falls outside the floodgate, the water retained by the floodgate flows back to the sea via a pipe that carries it through power-generating turbine.

Question. Which are the potential sources of biogas? State any four benefits of biogas.
Answer : Potential sources of biogas are shrubs, farm wastes, animal, human waste, etc.
Four benefits of biogas are:
(i) Its calorific value is high.
(ii) It burns without smoke, causing no pollution.
(iii) It is the cheapest gaseous fuel.
(iv) Its plants provide twin benefits to the farmer in the form of energy and improved quality of manure.

Question. Explain any three different forms in which minerals generally occur.
Answer : (i) Minerals occur in the form of veins and lodes (in igneous and metamorphic rocks).
(ii) In sedimentary rocks, a number of minerals occur in beds and layers.
(iii) As residual mass of weathered materials.
(iv) As alluvial deposits in ocean waters.

Question. Give an account of distribution and production of mica in India.
Answer : (i) Mica deposits are found in the northern edge of the Chhota Nagpur plateau. Koderma-Gaya-Hazaribagh belt of Jharkhand is the leading producer.
(ii) In Rajasthan, the major mica producing area is around Ajmer.
(iii) Nellore mica belt of Andhra Pradesh is also an important mica producer in the country.

Question. Name the mineral ore from which aluminium is extracted. Why is it gaining importance? Give its distribution in India.
Answer : (i) Bauxite.
(ii) Aluminium is gaining importance because of its extreme lightness, good conductivity and great malleability. It combines the strength of metals such as iron.
(iii) It is mainly found in Amarkantak Plateau, Maikal Hills and the plateau region of Bilaspur-Katni. Koraput district in Odisha has large deposits. Odisha is the largest bauxite producing state. Others are Gujarat, Maharashtra and Jharkhand.

Question. How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Answer : (i) In igneous and metamorphic rocks minerals may occur in the cracks, crevices, faults or joints. The smaller occurrences are called veins and the larger are called lodes.
(ii) They are formed when minerals in liquid/molten and gaseous forms are forced upward through cavities towards the earth’s surface. They cool and solidify as they rise.
(iii) Major metallic minerals like copper, zinc, tin, lead, etc. are obtained from veins and lodes in igneous and metamorphic rocks.

Question. What are the main characteristics of bituminous coal?
Answer : (i) Bituminous coal has been buried deep and subjected to increased temperatures.
(ii) It is the most popular coal in commercial use.
(iii) It is a high grade metallurgical coal which has special value for smelting iron in blast furnaces.

Question. Explain the importance of Bellari-Chitradurga-Chikkamagaluru-Tumakuru belt in Karnataka.
Answer : (i) Bellari-Chitradurga-Chikkamagaluru- Tumakuru belt in Karnataka has large reserves of iron ore.
(ii) The Kudremukh mines located in the Western Ghats of Karnataka are a 100% export unit. Kudremukh deposits are known to be one is trasported as slurry through a pipeline to a port near Mangaluru.

Question. Classify the energy resources and give their description.
Answer : Energy resources can be classified as conventional and non-conventional sources.
(i) Conventional sources include firewood, cattle dung cake, coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity.
(ii) Non-Conventional sources include solar, wind, tidal, geo-thermal, biogas and atomic energy.

Question. Why is mining called a killer industry?
Answer : (i) The dust and noxious fumes inhaled by miners make them vulnerable to pulmonary disease.
(ii) The risk of collapsing mine roofs, inundation and fires in coalmines are constant threat to miners.
(iii) The water sources in the region get contaminated due to mining. Dumping of waste and slurry leads to degradation of land, soil and increases stream and river pollution.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question. India is fortunate to have fairly rich and varied mineral resources. Justify the statement.
Answer : India is fortunate to have fairly rich and varied mineral resources. It can be justified in the following points:
(i) Peninsular rocks contain most of the reserves of coal, metallic minerals, mica and many other non-metallic minerals.
(ii) Sedimentary rocks on the western and eastern flanks of the peninsula, in Gujarat and Assam have most of the petroleum deposits.
(iii) Rajasthan with the rock systems of the peninsula, has reserves of many non-ferrous minerals.
(iv) The vast alluvial plains of north-India are almost devoid of economic minerals.
(v) These variations exist largely because of the differences in the geological structure, processes and time involved in the formation of minerals.

Question. Describe the major iron ore belts in India in detail.
Answer : The major iron ore belts in India are:
(i) Odisha-Jharkhand belt: High grade hematite ore is found in Badampahar mines in the Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar districts in Odisha. In Singhbhum district of Jharkhand hematite iron ore is mined in Gua and Noamundi.
(ii) Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur belt: It lies in Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra. Very high grade hematites are found in the famous Bailadila range of hills in the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh.
Iron ore from these mines is exported to Japan and South Korea via Vishakhapatnam port.
(iii) Ballari-Chitradurga-Chikkamagaluru-Tumakuru belt: It lies in Karnataka and has large reserves of iron ore. Kudremukh mines located in the western Ghats of Karnataka are a 100% export unit. Kudremukh deposits are known to be one of the largest in the world. The ore is transported as slurry through a pipeline to a port near Mangaluru.
(iv) Maharashtra-Goa belt: It includes the state of Goa and Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra. The ores are not of very high quality. Yet they are efficiently exploited and exported through port.

Question. Which is the most abundantly available fossil fuel in India? How is it formed? Describe its main characteristics and uses.
OR
Which is the most abundantly available fossil fuel in India? Assess the importance of its different forms.
Answer : Coal is the most abundantly available fossil fuel in India. It is formed due to the compression of plant material over millions of years.
Coal is found in a variety of forms depending on the degrees of compression and the depth and time of burial.
(i) Peat: Decaying plants in swamps produce peat. It has a low carbon and high moisture contents and low heating capacity.
(ii) Lignite: It is a low grade brown coal, which is soft with high moisture content.
(iii) Bituminous: Coal that has been buried deep and subjected to increased temperature is known as bituminous coal. It is most popular coal in commercial use.
(iv) Anthracite: It is the highest quality of hard coal.
Uses:
(i) It is used for power generation, to supply energy to industry as well as for domestic needs.
(ii) India is highly dependent on coal for meeting its commercial energy requirements.

Question. Why is energy needed? How can we conserve energy resources? Explain.
Answer : Energy is required for all activities. It is needed to cook, to provide light and heat, to propel vehicles and to drive machinery in industries.
To conserve energy resources:
(i) Energy is a basic requirement for economic development. Hence, there is an urgent need of develop a sustainable path of energy development. Promotion of energy development. Promotion of energy conservation and increased use of renewable energy sources are the twin planks of sustainable energy.
(ii) We have to adopt a cautious approach for the judicious use of our limited energy resources. As concerned citizens we can do our bit by using public transport system instead of individual vehicles.
(iii) Switching off electricity when not in use, using power-saving devices and using non-conventional sources of energy are other important steps for saving energy.

Question. Describe any three non-conventional sources of energy.
Answer : Non-conventional sources of energy are:
(i) Solar Energy: India is a tropical country. It has enormous possibilities of trapping solar energy. Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into electricity. Solar energy is fastly becoming popular in rural and remote areas.
(ii) Wind Energy: India now ranks as a ‘wind super power’ in the world. The largest wind farm cluster is located in Tamil Nadu from Nagercoil to Madurai. Apart from these, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra and Lakshdweep have important wind farms. Nagercoil and Jaisalmer are well-known for effective use of wind energy in the country.
(iii) Biogas: Shrubs, farm waste, animal and human waste are used to produce biogas for domestic consumption in rural areas. Biogas plants using cattle dung are known as ‘Gobar Gas Plants’ in rural India. These provide twin benefits to the farmer in the form of energy and improved quality of manure.

Case Based Questions

Read the source given below and answer the questions by choosing the most appropriate option.

In India, coal is the most abundantly available fossil fuel. It provides a substantial part of the nation’s energy needs. It is used for power generation, to supply energy to industry as well as for domestic needs. India is highly dependent on coal for meeting its commercial energy requirements. As you are already aware that coal is formed due the compression of plant material over millions of years. Coal, therefore, is found in a variety of forms depending on the degrees of compression and the depth and time of burial. Decaying plants in swamps produce peat which has a low carbon and high moisture contents and low heating capacity. Lignite is a low grade brown coal, which is soft with high moisture content. The principal lignite reserves are in Neyveli in Tamil Nadu and are used for generation of electricity. Coal that has been buried deep and subjected to increased temperatures is bituminous coal. It is the most popular coal in commercial use. Metallurgical coal is high grade bituminous coal which has a special value for smelting iron in blast furnaces. Anthracite is the highest quality hard coal.

(i) The best quality of coal is _________ with __________ is a low grade brown coal.
(a) Metallurgical; Anthracite
(b) Lignite; Anthracite
(c) Anthracite; Lignite
(d) Peat; Lemonite
Answer : (c) Anthracite; Lignite

Question. Name two conventional sources of energy.
Answer : Coal and Petroleum

Question. Which kind of coal is mostly used for commercial purpose?
Answer : Nituminous Coal