CBSE Class 9 Science Tissues Sure Shot Questions Set 01

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ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS SET – 1

CHAPTER – 6

TISSUES

Fill in the blanks

___________ is the process by which unspecialised structures become modified and specialised for performing specific functions.

Answer: Differentiation

Differentiation results in _____________ (division/summation/integration) of labour.

Answer: Division

The study of the structure of tissues and organs is known as _____________.

Answer: Histology (the study of tissues is histology; the study of organs is anatomy)

Based on ability to divide, plant tissues may be classified as _____________ and _____________ tissues.

Answer: Meristematic and permanent

Meristematic cells possess the power of cell _____________.

Answer: Division

Permanent tissues are those which have lost the capacity to _____________.

Answer: Divide

(Parenchyma/Collenchyma/Sclerenchyma) _____________ is a widely distributed, simple plant tissue.

Answer: Parenchyma

(Parenchyma/Collenchyma/Sclerenchyma) _____________ is a strong and flexible mechanical tissue.

Answer: Collenchyma

_____________ and _____________ are the conducting tissues or vascular tissues, also called complex tissues.

Answer: Xylem and phloem

The cell walls of _____________ (Parenchyma/Collenchyma/Sclerenchyma) tissue are made up of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin.

Answer: Collenchyma

_____________ is the parenchyma with a large number of chloroplasts.

Answer: Chlorenchyma

(Xylem/Phloem) _____________ is popularly known as wood.

Answer: Xylem

Xylem is composed of _____________, _____________, _____________ and _____________.

Answer: Tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres

Tracheids are _____________ (living/dead) cells _____________ (with/without) protoplasts.

Answer: Dead; without

Protective tissues include _____________ and _____________.

Answer: Epidermis and cork

Epithelial cells have _____________ (little/large) intercellular substances.

Answer: Little

(Connective/Muscular/Epithelial) _____________ tissue serves to 'connect' or 'bind' the cells of other tissues in the body and gives them rigidity and support.

Answer: Connective

(Tendon/Ligament/Cartilage) _____________ is made up of white fibres and connects muscles to bones.

Answer: Tendon

Bone is surrounded by a connective tissue known as _____________.

Answer: Periosteum

Striated muscles are _____________ (voluntary/involuntary) while smooth muscles are _____________ (voluntary/involuntary).

Answer: Voluntary; involuntary

Questions

Based on functions performed, list the types of animal tissues.

Answer: On the basis of function, animal tissues are of four types: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue and nervous tissue.

Which tissues are called covering or protective tissues?

Answer: Epithelial tissues, because they cover the surface of the body and the organs and protect what is inside.

Where do we find epithelial tissues in the animal body?

Answer: On the skin, and as the lining of the mouth, food pipe, lungs, blood vessels, kidney tubules and other organs.

What are the general identifying features of epithelial tissues?

Answer: The cells are tightly packed with very little intercellular space and little intercellular substance. The tissue rests on a thin basement membrane.

Based on layer and shape of cells, how can epithelial tissues be classified?

Answer: By the number of layers: simple (one layer) and stratified (many layers). By the shape of the cells: squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube-like) and columnar (tall and pillar-like). Ciliated and glandular epithelia are special types.

The surface of simple squamous epithelium is _____. (choose the correct option)

1. Permeable
2. Selectively permeable
3. Impermeable
4. All of these

Answer: (b) Selectively permeable

What is the shape of simple squamous tissue?

Answer: The cells are extremely thin and flat, and they form a delicate, single-layered, jigsaw-like lining.

Where do you find simple squamous epithelium in an animal body?

Answer: In the lining of blood vessels and the lung alveoli (air sacs), and in the lining of the body cavity.

What is the main function of simple squamous epithelium?

Answer: It allows the transport of substances such as oxygen and carbon dioxide through the selectively permeable membrane by diffusion.

What is simple stratified epithelium? Where do we find these tissues?

Answer: Stratified epithelium is made up of many layers of cells, one above the other. It is found in the skin and in the lining of the mouth and the food pipe.

What is the main purpose of stratified epithelium?

Answer: It protects the body from wear and tear and from loss of water.

What is the shape of cuboidal epithelium? Where do we find these tissues?

Answer: The cells are somewhat square or cube-like in shape. Cuboidal epithelium is found in the kidney tubules and the ducts of the salivary glands.

These are somewhat square or cuboid in shape. Cuboidal epithelium is found in kidney tubules, ducts of salivary glands etc.

What is the main function of cuboidal epithelium?

Answer: It gives mechanical support and takes part in absorption and secretion.

How will you identify columnar epithelium? Where are these tissues located?

Answer: The cells are tall and pillar-like (elongated). Columnar epithelium is found in the lining of the stomach and the intestine.

What is the main purpose of columnar epithelium?

Answer: It helps in secretion and absorption, for example of digested food in the intestine.

What type of epithelial tissues are found in the respiratory tract and in the intestinal lining? How are these tissues different from each other?

Answer: The respiratory tract has ciliated columnar epithelium, which has hair-like cilia that move to push the mucus forward and clear it out. The intestinal lining has simple columnar epithelium without cilia, which is meant for absorption and secretion.

Where do we find glandular columnar epithelia? What is their main role?

Answer: Glandular epithelium is found in glands such as the salivary glands and the glands of the stomach. Its role is to secrete substances such as saliva, enzymes and mucus.

What is haematology?

Answer: Haematology is the study of blood.

What is the common characteristic of the different connective tissues?

Answer: The cells are loosely spaced and are embedded in an intercellular matrix.

Name the different types of connective tissues.

Answer: Blood, lymph, bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, areolar tissue and adipose tissue.

What are the constituents of connective tissues?

Answer: Cells and the intercellular matrix, which may be a fluid, jelly-like, dense or rigid substance, and fibres in some of them.

List the type of intercellular matrix present in the following connective tissues: (a) blood, (b) lymph, (c) bone, (d) cartilage, (e) tendons, (f) ligaments, (g) areolar tissue, (h) adipose tissue.

Answer: (a) Blood: fluid matrix (plasma). (b) Lymph: fluid matrix. (c) Bone: hard matrix of calcium and phosphorus compounds. (d) Cartilage: solid, flexible matrix of proteins and sugars. (e) Tendons: dense, fibrous matrix. (f) Ligaments: dense, elastic matrix. (g) Areolar tissue: jelly-like matrix with fibres. (h) Adipose tissue: soft matrix with fat-storing cells.

What are the constituents of blood tissue?

Answer: Plasma (the fluid matrix) and the blood cells: red blood corpuscles (RBCs), white blood corpuscles (WBCs) and platelets.

What does plasma contain?

Answer: Plasma contains proteins, salts, hormones and nutrients, and it carries these and waste substances around the body.

Name the different types of white blood corpuscles.

Answer: Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes.

List the functions of blood cells.

Answer: Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and bring back carbon dioxide. White blood cells fight germs and protect the body from infection. Platelets help in clotting of blood when we are injured.

Where is blood formed in our body?

Answer: Blood cells are formed in the red bone marrow.

Name the two fluid connective tissues.

Answer: Blood and lymph.

What type of intercellular matrix is found in bone tissue? What are its constituents?

Answer: Bone has a hard, rigid matrix. It is made of proteins (collagen) and the minerals calcium and phosphorus.

Identify the location of the following connective tissues: (a) blood, (b) lymph, (c) bone, (d) cartilage, (e) tendons.

Answer: (a) Blood: inside the blood vessels. (b) Lymph: in the lymph vessels and tissue spaces. (c) Bone: forms the skeleton. (d) Cartilage: nose tip, ear, larynx and trachea, and between the bones of joints. (e) Tendons: at the ends of muscles, joining them to the bones.

Which connective tissue connects two bones?

Answer: Ligament.

Which connective tissue connects bones to muscles?

Answer: Tendon.

Name the constituents of the matrix found in cartilage.

Answer: Proteins and sugars.

Where do we find areolar tissue? What are its functions?

Answer: Areolar tissue is found between the skin and muscles, around blood vessels and nerves, and in the bone marrow. It fills the space inside organs, supports the internal organs and helps in the repair of tissues.

Name the fat-storing tissue. Where is it located? How does this tissue help?

Answer: Adipose tissue. It is found below the skin, between the internal organs and around the kidneys. It stores fat, which acts as an energy reserve and also as an insulator that keeps the body warm.

What are the different types of muscle tissues? Also list which of these are voluntary or involuntary.

Answer: Striated (skeletal) muscles are voluntary. Smooth (unstriated) muscles are involuntary. Cardiac muscles are involuntary.

Why are striated muscles called skeletal muscles?

Answer: They are attached to the bones of the skeleton and help in the movement of the body.

What are the identification marks of striated muscles when seen under a microscope?

Answer: The cells are long, cylindrical, unbranched and multinucleate, and they show alternate light and dark bands (striations).

Identify which type of muscle tissue is associated with the following body actions: (a) locomotion, (b) iris movement to control the size of the pupil, (c) peristaltic movements of the oesophagus, (d) heartbeat, (e) movement of blood in blood vessels.

Answer: (a) Striated muscles. (b) Smooth muscles. (c) Smooth muscles. (d) Cardiac muscles. (e) Smooth muscles.

How will you identify cardiac muscle cells under a microscope?

Answer: The cells are cylindrical, branched and uninucleate, and they show faint striations. They are joined by special junctions called intercalated discs.

Which muscle tissue shows characteristics of both striated and unstriated muscles?

Answer: Cardiac muscle.

Where do we find cardiac tissue? What are the functions of cardiac tissue?

Answer: It is found in the walls of the heart. It contracts and relaxes rhythmically throughout life, so the heart pumps blood all over the body.

Do all cells respond to stimuli, or is this ability possessed by nerve cells only?

Answer: All living cells can respond to stimuli to some extent, but nerve cells are specialised to receive stimuli and to conduct messages very quickly.

What is the unit of nervous tissue?

Answer: The nerve cell or neuron.

Where do we find nerve cells?

Answer: In the brain, the spinal cord and the nerves.

How long can a nerve cell be?

Answer: A single nerve cell can be up to a metre long.

How are muscle tissues related to nerve cells?

Answer: Nerve cells carry the messages from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles, which then contract or relax. Movement therefore happens by the coordination of nervous and muscular tissue.

Name the three distinct parts of a neuron.

Answer: The cell body, the dendrites and the axon.

What is the myelin sheath? Where do we find it?

Answer: The myelin sheath is a fatty, insulating covering around the axon of many neurons. It is found around the nerve fibres of the nerves, and it makes the conduction of the nerve impulse faster.

What happens in the polio disease?

Answer: The polio virus attacks the nerve cells that control the muscles, so the muscles lose the ability to move and may become paralysed.

In plants, which of the following have the capability of cell division?

1. Parenchyma
2. Sclerenchyma
3. Xylem
4. Apical meristem

Answer: (d) Apical meristem

The growth in plants is

1. limited to certain regions
2. uniform in all parts
3. limited to the top region
4. limited to roots only

Answer: (a) limited to certain regions

Intercalary meristems are found

1. at internodes and base of leaves
2. at growing tips of roots
3. beneath the bark
4. at the tips of stem

Answer: (a) at internodes and base of leaves

Cells of the tissue have dense cytoplasm, thin cellulose walls and prominent vacuoles. Identify the tissue.

1. Collenchyma
2. Sclerenchyma
3. Meristem
4. Parenchyma

Answer: (c) Meristem

Dead, long and narrow cells in a plant belong to which tissue?

1. Parenchyma
2. Sclerenchyma
3. Collenchyma
4. Phloem

Answer: (b) Sclerenchyma

Bone is an example of _____________

1. Muscular tissues
2. Connective tissues
3. Epithelial tissues
4. Nervous tissues

Answer: (b) Connective tissues

Which animal tissue is usually separated from the underlying tissue by an extracellular fibrous basement membrane?

1. Muscular tissues
2. Connective tissues
3. Epithelial tissues
4. Nervous tissues

Answer: (c) Epithelial tissues

The oesophagus and the lining of the mouth are also covered with which tissue?

1. Squamous epithelium
2. Ciliated epithelium
3. Areolar connective
4. Striated muscle tissues

Answer: (a) Squamous epithelium

The husk of a coconut is made of which tissue?

1. Parenchyma tissue
2. Sclerenchymatous tissue
3. Collenchyma
4. Xylem

Answer: (b) Sclerenchymatous tissue