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Solved Assignment for Class 12 Chemistry Unit 06 General Principles And Processes Of Isolation Of Elements
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Unit 06 General Principles And Processes Of Isolation Of Elements Class 12 Solved Questions and Answers
15. What are the constituents of German silver?
[Ans. : Cu = 25-30%, Zn = 25-30%, Ni = 40-50%]
16. Why is froth floatation process selected for concentration of the sulphide ore?
[Ans. : Sulphide ore particles are wetted by oil (Pine oil) and gangue particles by water]
17. Write the reaction involved in the extraction of copper from low grade ores.
[Ans. : First step is leaching of ore with acid or bacteria then Cu2+ (aq) + H2 (g) → Cu(s) + 2H+ (g)]
18. Although aluminium is above hydrogen in the electrochemical series, it is stable in air and water. Why?
19. Which method of purification is represented by the following reaction
20. Zinc is used but not copper for the recovery of metallic silver from the complex [Ag(CN)2]–, although electrode potentials of both zinc and copper
are less than that of Ag. Explain why?
[Hint : Zinc reacts at faster rate as compared with copper, further zinc is cheaper than copper].
21. Write the composition of motlen mixture which is electrolysed to extract aluminium.
SA (I) QUESTIONS (2 - MARK QUESTIONS)
22. What is hydrometallurgy? Give one example where it is used for metal extraction.
[Ans. : Leaching followed by reduction is called hydrometallurgy. It is used in extraction and copper
23. Name the process for the benefaction/concentration of (i) an ore having lighter impurities (ii) sulphide ore.
24. Mention the role of cryolite in the extraction of aluminium.
25. Mention the role of following :
(a) SiO2 in the metallurgy of Cu.
(b) CaCO3 in the metallurgy of Fe.
(c) CO in the metallergy of iron
(d) I2 in the purification of zirconium.
26. Extraction of copper directly from sulphide ore is less favourable than from its oxide through reduction. Explain.
[Ans. : 2Cu S(s) + C(s) → CS2 (l) + 2Cu(s)
CuO(s) + C(s) → CO (g) + Cu(s)
ΔG value is more –ve in second case as compared with first case]
27. The graphite electrodes in the extraction of ‘alluminium’ by Hall-Heroult process need to be changed frequently. Why?
28. Write the chemical formulae of the following ores (a) Haematite (b) Magnetite (c) Limonite (d) Siderite.
[Ans. : (a) Fe2O3 (b) Fe3O4 (c) Fe2O3.2H2O (d) FeCO3]
29. Give equations for the industrial extraction of zinc from calamine.
[Ans. : ZnCO3 → ZnO + CO2 (Calcination) ZnO + C → Zn + CO (Reduction)]
30. Name the elements present in anode mud during refining of copper. Why does it contain such elements?
[Ans. : Au and Ag. They are not oxidised at anode. They are less electropositive than copper.]
31. Write the Chemical reactions taking place in different zones in the blast furnace for the extraction of iron from its ore.
32. How are impurities separated from bauxite ore to get pure alumina?
33. Why is the reduction of a metal oxide easier if metal formed is in liquid state at the temperature of reduction?
[Hint : Entropy is more positive when the metal is in liquid state as compared with solid state, so ΔG becomes more –ve]
34. What is pyrometallurgy? Explain with one example.
[Ans. : A process of reducing a metal oxide by heating with either coke or some other reducing agent e.g., Al, Mg etc.
ZnO + C 975k→ Zn + CO]
35. Write the method to produce Copper matte from copper pyrites.
*38. Copper can be extracted by hydrometallurgy but not zinc. Explain why?
[Hint : EØ Zn2+/Zn is - ve, EØ cu2+/cu is + ve]
39. Gibbs energies of formation ΔfG of MgO(s) and CO(g) at 1273K and 2273 K are given below:
ΔfG [MgO(s)] = –941 kJ mol–1 at 1273 K.
ΔfG [CO(g)] = –439 kJ mol–1 at 1273 K.
ΔfG [MgO(s)] = –314 kJ mol–1 at 2273 K.
ΔfG [CO(g)] = –628 kJ mol–1 at 2273 K.
On the basis of above data, predict the temperature at which carbon can be used as a reducing agent for MgO(s).
[Ans. : For the reaction, MgO(s) + C(s) → Mg(s) + CO(g)
At 1273K, ΔrG = ΔfG[CO(g)] – ΔfG[MgO(s)] = –439 – (–941) KJ mol–1 = 502 kJ mol–1
At 2273 K, ΔrG = –628 – (–314) kJ mol–1 = –314 kJ mol–1
The temperature is 2273 K]
SA (II) TYPE QUESTIONS (3 - MARK QUESTIONS)
40. State the principles of refining of metal by the following methods.
(a) Zone refining (b) Electrolytic refining (c) Vapour phase refining.
41. How is pure copper obtained from its principle ore? Write the chemical reactions occurring during the extraction.
42. Name the method of refining of the following metals –
(a) Hg (b) Sn (c) Cu (d) Ge (e) Ni (f) Zr
[Ans. : (a) Distillation,
(b) Liquation;
(c) Electrolytic refining
(d) Zone refining;
(e) Mond Process
(f) Van Arkel Processl]
44. The native silver forms a water soluble compound (B) with dilute aqueous solution of NaCN in the presence of a gas (A). The silver metal is obtained by the addition of a metal (C) to (B) and complex (D) is formed as a byproduct. Write the structures of (C) and (D) and identify (A) and (B) in the following sequence – Ag + NaCN + [A] + H2O → [B] + OH– + Na+.
[C] + [B] → [D] + Ag.
[Ans. : [A] = O2
[B] = Na [Ag(CN)2]
[C] = Zn
[D] = Na2 [Zn (CN)4] ].
45. In the cynamide extraction process of silver pon argentite ore, name the oxidising and reducing agents. Write the chemical equations of the reactions involved.
Question. Sulphide ores of metals are usually concentrated by froth floatation process. Which one of the following sulphide ores offer an exception and is concentrated by chemical leaching?
(a) Galena
(b) Copper pyrite
(c) Sphalerite
(d) Argentite
Question. Flux is used to remove :
(a) basic impurities
(b) acidic impurities
(c) all types of impurities
(d) acidic and basic both impurities
Question. In the extraction of copper from its sulphide ore, the metal is formed by reduction of Cu2O with :
(a) FeS
(b) C O
(c) Cu2S
(d) SO2
Question. Roasting of sulphides gives the gas X as a byproduct.
This is a colourless gas with choking smell of burnt sulphur and causes great damage to respiratory organs as a result of acid rain. Its aqueous solution is acidic, acts as a reducing agent and its acid has never been isolated. The gas X is
(a) CO2
(b) SO3
(c) H2S
(d) SO2
Question. Considering Ellingham diagram, which of the following metals can be used to reduce alumina?
(a) Fe
(b) Zn
(c) Mg
(d) Cu
Question. Mac Arthur process is used for the extraction of:
(a) Au
(b) Pt
(c) Cu
(d) Zn
Question. Which of the following is a carbonate ore?
(a) Pyrolusite
(b) Malachite
(c) Diaspore
(d) Cassiterite
Question. In the extraction of copper from its sulphide ore, the metal is finally obtained by the reduction of cuprous oxide with
(a) carbon monoxide
(b) copper (I) sulphide
(c) sulphur dioxide
(d) iron (II) sulphide.
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CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Unit 06 General Principles And Processes Of Isolation Of Elements Assignment
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