CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chemistry in Everyday Life Questions

Question: A biological response is produced by drugs when it interacts with
a) micromolecular targets
b) macromolecular targets
c) any type of molecules
d) micromolecules as well as macromolecules

Answer: b

Question: Drugs can be classified on the basis of
a) pharmacological effect
b) molecular target
c) chemical structure
d) All of the above

Answer: d

Question: The site, apart from active site, at which the binding of drug to the enzyme takes place is called
a) activator site
b) regular site
c) allosteric site
d) All of these

Answer: c

Question: Receptors are selective in nature because it binds to
a) all type of chemical messengers.
b) a particular type of chemical messenger
c) cell membrane
d) All of the above

Answer: b

Question: The receptor proteins are embedded in the
a) DNA
b) cell membrane
c) cytoplasm
d) RNA

Answer: b

Question: Which of the following is a function of antagonist?
a) Mimic the natural messenger
b) It mimics the receptor
c) It binds to receptor site and inhibits its function
d) All of the above

Answer: c

Question: Drug which is used in controlling depression as well as hypertension is
a) penicillin
b) tetracycline
c) salvarsan
d) equanil

Answer: d

Question: In the stomach, histamine stimulates the secretion of pepsin and
a) sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid
b) sulphuric acid
c) hydrochloric acid
d) sodium hydroxide

Answer: c

Question: Which of the following is a function of enzyme?
a) It holds the substrate for a chemical reaction
b) It provides functional groups
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of the above

Answer: c

Question: Artificial sweetener which is stable under cold conditions only is
a) saccharin
b) sucralose
c) aspartame
d) alitame

Answer: c

Question: Noradrenaline is a/an
a) antidepressant
b) antihistamine
c) neurotransmitter
d) antacid

Answer: c

Question: Which of the following are the derivatives of barbituric acid?
a) Veronal and amytal
b) Nembutal and luminal
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) Neither (a) nor (b)

Answer: c

Question: Use of chemicals for therapeutic effect is known as
a) physiotherapy
b) radiotherapy
c) chemotherapy
d) endotherapy

Answer: c

Question: The IUPAC name of aspirin is
a) o-acetyl salicylic acid
b) phenyl salicylate
c) acetyl salicylate
d) methyl salicylic acid

Answer: a

Question: Drugs, iproniazid and phenelzine belong to class of
a) depressant drugs
b) antidepressant drugs
c) antibiotics
d) antiseptic

Answer: b

Question: Which of the following drug inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins?
a) Paracetamol
b) Aspirin
c) Codeine
d) Valium

Answer: b

Question: Which of the following is an arsenic containing drug?
a) Penicillin
b) Equanil
c) Salvarsan
d) Chloramphenicol

Answer: c

Question: Which of the following analgesics are called opiates?
a) Morphine
b) Codeine
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) Aspirin

Answer: a

Question: Which of the following is an anionic detergent?
a) Sodium lauryl sulphate
b) Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide
c) Glyceryl oleate
d) Sodium stearate

Answer: a

Question: Among the following, the narrow spectrum antibiotic is
a) ampicillin
b) amoxycillin
c) chloramphenicol
d) penicillin G

Answer: d

Question: Which of the following antibiotics is supposed to be toxic towards certain strains of cancer cells?
a) Vancomycin
b) Dysidazirine
c) Ofloxacin
d) Penicillin G

Answer: b

Question: Which of the following is an example of synthetic progesterone derivative?
a) Novestrol
b) Chloroxylenol
c) Norethindrone
d) Terpineol

Answer: c

Question: Food preservatives prevent spoilage of food due to microbial growth. The most commonly used preservative is
a) C₆H₅ COONa  
b) table salt
c) vegetable oils
d) All of the above

Answer: d

Question: Which type of detergent is formed when stearic acid reacts with polyethylene glycol?
a) cationic detergents
b) non-ionic detergents
c) anionic detergents
d) None of the above

Answer: b

Points to Remember

1. A drug is a chemical agent which affects human metabolism and provides cure from ailment. If taken in doses higher than recommended, these may have poisonous effect.

2. Use of chemicals for therapeutic effect is called chemotherapy.

3. Drugs usually interact with biological macromolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. These are called target molecules.

4. Drugs are designed to interact with specific targets so that these have the least chance of affecting other targets. This minimises the side effects and localises the action of the drug.

5. Drugs like analgesics, antibiotics, antiseptics, disinfectants, antacids and tranquilizers have specific pharmacological functions.

6. Antifertility drugs are used to control population. These contain a mixture of synthetic estrogen and progesterone derivatives.

7. Chemicals are added to food for preservation, enhancing their appeal and adding nutritive value in them.

8. Artificial sweetening agents like aspartame, saccharin etc. are of great value to diabetic persons and people who need to control their calories.

9. These days detergents are much in vogue and get preference over soaps because they work even in hard water.

10. Synthetic detergents are classified into three main categories namely anionic, cationic and non- ionic.

11. Detergents with straight chain of hydrocarbons are preferred over branched chain as the latter are non-biodegradable and consequently cause environmental pollution.

12. The unbranched hydrocarbon side chains of the detergent molecule are prone to attack by bacteria, so the detergents are bio-degradable and pollution is prevented.

VSA QUESTIONS (1 - MARK QUESTIONS)

 

1. Write the formula and IUPAC name of aspirin.

2. Name two types of the drugs classified on the basis of pharmacological effect.

 

3. What is the role of Bithional in toilet soaps?

 

4. Why is sodium benzoate added to packed containers of jams and pickles?

 

5. Name the type of drugs having following structural formula :

 

6. Why the receptors embedded in cell membrances show selectivity for one chemical messenger over the other?

[Hint : The active site of receptor has specific shape and specific functional groups which can bind only specific messenger which fits in.]

 

7. With reference to which classification has the statement ‘ranitidine is an antacid’ been given?

[Hint : Classification based on pharmacological effect.]

 

8. Give the name of medicine used for the treatment of syphilis.

[Hint : Salvarsan].

 

9. Give the composition of tincture of iodine.

 

10. How does aspirin act as analgesic?

[Hint : Aspirin inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins which cause pain.]