NEET Biology Health and Diseases Notes

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World health day – 7th April
Health : A state of complete physical, social and mental well being.
Disease : Disease, means not at ease, or health disorder. The health is affected by
(i) Inheritance,
(ii) Infection, and
(iii) Life style; the latter includes intake, habits and exercises etc.
 
Diseases can be classified in 3- different ways-
 
A. Non-ccommmmuniiccaabllee diiseeaasees aand Commmuniicaable diiseeases (Followweed in this book)
B. Congenital diseases and acquired diseases
C. Heritable and non-heritable diseases
 
I. NON- COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
 
1. Deficiency disorders – Kwashiorkar, Marasmus, Beri - Beri, Scurvy, Nyctalopia, Myxoedema, Diabetes etc.
2. Allergic diseases – Asthma, Hay-fever, Urticaria etc. (see Immunity part in this chapter)
3. Autoimmunity diseases – Hashimoto’s disease, Rheumatic heart disease, Myasthenia gravis etc. (see Immunity)
4. Hereditary diseases – PKU, ALK, Haemophilia, Sickle cell anemia, Huntington’s chorea, Colourblindness.
5. Degenerative or Organic diseases – Arthritis, Coronary thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis, Respiratory diseases, Heart disorders (already discussed with concerned systems) and cancer (dealt separately) etc.
6. Injury diseases – Sprain, Fracture and Burn etc.
7. Other diseases – Occupational diseases, Leucoderma, Obesity, and diseases due to hyper secretion of hormones, Addictions, Mental disorders.
 
II. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
 
These diseases are caused by pathogens and can be transmitted from one organism to another, and are, therefore, also called as infectious diseases.
A particular organism is pathogen or not, can be established on the conditions laid down by Robert Koch (1876)- a German microbiologist, who worked on Anthrax disease in a sheep.
These conditions are called Koch’s postulates :
1. A diseased animal should regularly have that microorganism
2. The organism could be isolated and cultured on artifi cial or nutrient medium
3. By inoculation of that culture the same disease should appear in a healthy animal
4. The same microorganism should be recoverable from the body of inoculated animal or person
Koch’s postulates are, however, not applicable to viral diseases as the viruses can not be cultured on artifi cial media. The bacteria of the disease Leprosy can also not be cultured on artifi cial medium, so this bacteria also does not follow Koch’s postulates.
 
• Important terms or points about communicable diseases :
 
• Etiology – Study of causes of diseases
• Epidemics – Out break of disease in a major portion of a population (Mahamari)
• Epidemology – Study of mode of transmission of diseases
• John Snow – Father of epidemology, and studied epidemic of Asiatic cholera in London
• L. Pasteur and Robert Koch – proposed ‘Germ theory of diseases’.
• L. Pasteur – Developed vaccine against Rabies
• Robert Koch – Koch’s postulates (Described above)
 
 

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Our advanced study package for Health and Diseases includes detailed concepts, diagrams, Mind Maps, and explanation of complex topics to ensure NEET students learn as per syllabus for 2026 exams.

How do Mind Maps for Biology Health and Diseases help in revision?

The Mind Maps provided for Health and Diseases act as visual anchors which will help faster recall during high-pressure exams.

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Yes, teachers use our NEET Biology resources for lesson planning as they are in simple language and have lot of solved examples.

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Does this material cover rationalized content for the 2026-27 NEET session?

Yes, our subject matter experts have updated the Health and Diseases material to align with the rationalized NCERT textbooks and have removed deleted topics and added new competency-based questions.