NEET Biology Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Notes

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The earliest domesticated animal was dog – which is still used for watching, tracing criminals due to its keen sense of smell. (Huskies, the dogs, are used by Eskimos to draw sledges)
 
LIVE STOCK
 
Two important species of live stock are cattle and buffaloes. They are mainly used for milk. Bullocks are used for ploughing, harrowing, transportation, harvesting and threshing etc.
Their hides are used for leather production; the horns, hoofs, bones etc. are used for preparing cattle feeds. Their dung is used for preparing cakes and bio-gas.
In the number of cattle and buffaloes, India ranks 5th. There are about 26 breeds of cattle and 7 breeds of buffaloes.
 
CATTLE (Bos primigenius indicus) –
 
Indigenous breeds – 3- categories
 
1. Milch breeds – They are high milk yielding breeds. ex. Giir (Guj., Raj.), Sahiiwwall (Pb.,UP), Red Sindhi (AP) and New Jersy.
2. Draught breeds- They are used for transportation. ex. Malvi (Raj., MP), Nageri (Hary., UP), Hallikar.
3. General utility breeds – ex. Kankrej (Guj.), Ongole (AP). Exotic breeds- Holstein, Brown swiss, Jersy and Friesian.
 
BUFFALOES(Bubalus bubalis)
 
• They yield more milk of high fat content and have greater resistance and longevity ex. Murrah (Pb., Hary., UP), Surti (Guj., Raj), Bhadawari (UP, MP), Jaffrabadi (Guj.) and Mehsana (Guj).
• Food- 2- types , (i) Roughage- It includes high fi bre content like hay, straw and fodder; and (ii) Concentrates- They include cereals, oil cakes, millets and oil seeds.
 
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
 
• It is the agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock. It deals with breeding and care of livestock like buffaloes, cows, pigs, sheep, goats, camels, horses etc. which are useful to human. The fi sheries, poultry farming, apiculture and sericulture are also listed in animal husbandry.
• More than 70% of livestock population of the world is in India and China. But their contribution in farm products is about 25% only. This indicates that per unit productivity is very low. This is because of traditional or conventional farm management practices. Now, newer technologies need to be applied for improvement in quality and productivity.
 
Dairy farm management
 
Dairying is the management of animals for milk and its products for human consumption. The dairy farm management deals with the processes and systems that increase the yield and improve the quality of milk. Such processes depend upon
1. Quality of breeds
2. Climatic conditions of the area
3. Proper maintenance and housing
4. Quality and quantity of feed/ fodder
5. Cleanliness and hygiene of both cattle and the handlers
6. Proper storage and transportation of the milk and its products
7. Regular visits by a veterinary doctor
 
Animal breeding
 
The basic aim of the animal breeding is to increase the animal yield and improve the desirable qualities of the produce.
 
 
 

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NEET NEET Biology Study Material: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

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