NEET Biology Strategies For Enhancement Important Questions Set 02

These Class 12 NEET Biology important questions on Strategies For Enhancement give 21 questions with step-by-step answers, arranged as very short, short and long answer types, taken from a model test paper. They help NEET aspirants revise the definitions, structures, differences and key terms of the chapter.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Where the IR-8 variety has been developed?
Answer: At IRRI, Philippines.

Question 2. Pusa swarnim variety of Brassica has resistance to which disease?
Answer: White rust.

Question 3. Which type of cultivars reduce the dependence on use of fungicides and bactericides?
Answer: Disease resistant cultivars.

Question 4. How many people in world suffer from hidden hunger?
Answer: Three billion

Question 5. What is meant by totipotency?
Answer: The capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell/explant.

Question 6. Which method is used in the production of somaclones?
Answer: Micropropagation.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 7. What is pre-requisite for effective exploitation of natural genes available in the population in plant breeding?
Answer: Collection and preservation of all the different wild varieties, species and relatives of the cultivated species.

Question 8. Write the name of two varieties of wheat having high yield and disease resistance.
Answer: (i) Sonalika
(ii) Kalyan Sona

Question 9. How does Parbhani Kranti differ from other varieties of Bhindi?
Answer: Parbhani Kranti is variety of Abelmoschus esculentus (bhindi) which got resistance against yellow mosaic virus from a wild species.

Question 10. How does shifting from grain to meat diets create more demand of cereals?
Answer: Because 3–10 kg of grain is required to produce 1 kg of meat so shifting of diets creates more demand of cereals.

Question 11. How somaclones differ from somatic hybrids?
Answer: Somaclones are genetically identical clone while somatic hybrids are result of hybridisation between the cells of two different varieties of plants, each having a desirable character.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 12. Write different basic steps in sequence used for plant breeding.
Answer: These setps are :
(i) Collection of variability.
(ii) Evaluation of selection of parents.
(iii) Cross hybridisation among the selected parents.
(iv) Selection and testing of superior recombinants.
(v) Testing, release and commercialisation of new cultivars.

Question 13. Make a list of two characters on which plant breeders worked to incorporate into crop plants.

Answer:

A well-labelled diagram should show these parts: These characters may be.

(i) Increased crop yield and improve quality.
(ii) Increased tolerance to environmental stress.

Question 14. How biofortification may help in removing hidden hunger?
Answer: By using breeding crop with higher levels of vitamins and minerals or higher protein and healthier fat, like some maize hybrids have high quantity of lysine and tryptophan and wheat variety Atlas 66 has high protein content.

Question 15. What is significance of meristem culture?
Answer: Apical and axillary meristem of the plant which is free of viruses in virus-infected plants, so this meristem can be used to generate disease free plants in short duration.

Question 16. How is isolated naked protoplast produced?
Answer: Selected plant tissue/cells digested for removing/degenerate its cell wall with the help of the enzymes cellulose and pectinase and the remaining cell surrounded by plasma membrane is known as isolated naked protoplast.

Question 17. Discuss the aim of plant breeding.
Answer: Plant breeding is mainly aimed with the population of plants having specific desired quality or characters like higher yield, improved quality, increased tolerance to environmental stress, resistance to pathogen and pest.

Question 18. Write a note on mutational breeding.
Answer: Through mutation desirable plants are generated via changing the base sequence in gene. e.g., Mung bean variety generated which have yellow mosaic virus resistance.

Question 19. (a) What type of diet increase the risk for disease, reduce life span and reduce mental abilities in humans?
(b) Write down the features of maize hybrids developed by biofortification.
Answer: (a) Diets lacking essential micronutrients – particularly iron, vitamin A, iodine and zinc.
(b) They have twice the amount of amino acids, lysine and tryptophan.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 20. Make the list of characters a breeder wish to incorporate into the crop plants.

Answer:

(i) Increased yield

(ii) Improved quality

(iii) Increased tolerance to environmental stresses (salinity, extreme temperatures, drought)

(iv) Resistance to pathogens (viruses, fungi and bacteria)

(v) Increased tolerance to insect pests.

Question 21. Describe the features of plants that will prevent insect infection.

Answer:

The features may be related to morphological, biochemical or physiological characteristics, like :

(i) Hairy leaves in several plants are associated with resistance to insect pests e.g., resistance to jassids in cotton and cereal leaf beetle in wheat.

(ii) In wheat solid stem lead to non-preference by the stem sawfly.

(iii) Smooth leaved and nectarless cotton varieties do not attract bollworms.

(iv) High aspartic acid, low nitrogen and sugar content in maize leads to resistance to maize stem borers.