NEET Biology Biotechnology and its Applications Notes

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• The applications of biotechnology include therapeutics, diagnostics, genetically modified crops for agriculture, transgenic animals, processed food, bioremediation, waste treatment and energy production.
 
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATION IN AGRICULTURE
 
• Traditional methods of crop improvement like selection, hybridisation etc. involve the whole genome. These methods are tedious time consuming and results are not always satisfactory.
• However the latest biotechnological methods involves transfer of one or more beneficial genes from one plant to other.
• Plants, bacteria, fungi and animals whose genes have been altered are called Genetically Modifi ed Organisms (GMO).
• Genetic modifi cations has :
• made crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses [cold, drought, salt and heat.
• reduced reliance on chemical pesticide (pest-resistant crop).
• helped to reduce post harvest losses.
• increased effi ciency of mineral usage by plant to prevent early exhaustion of fertility of soil.
• enhanced nutritional value of food, e.g.,- vitamin A enriched golden rice.
• Genetically modifi ed crop or transgenic crop are prepared by transferring genes from one plants to other. Such genes are known as transgene and plant in which foreign genes are introduced are known as transgenic crops.
• Biotechnological techniques improve crop yield by the following ways :
 
Increase in Photosynthetic yield
 
• Genetic manipulation in RUBISCO (Ribulose 1,5-biphosphate) which is an important enzyme of photosynthesis are also utilized for increasing crop yield. RUBISCO act as carboxylase and oxygenase both. 25% of the fi xed CO2 is photorespired. Genetic alteration in RUBISCO gene inhibits its oxygenase activity. One such gene controlling RUBISCO enzyme has been transferred from pea plant to tobacco plant to increase photosynthetic process and crop yield.
 
Herbicide Tolerance
 
• Herbicides are chemicals which kill the weeds. When these chemicals are sprayed in the field, they not only kill the weeds but also damage the crop plants. By biotechnological techniques transgenic crop plants are developed which are resistant to herbicides and not damaged on exposure of herbicides. Some herbicide resistant crops produced by genetic engineering are—tomato, potato, tobacco, soyabean, cotton, corn, oil seed, rape, sugarbeet, petunia, etc.
• Herbicide tolerance in these plant can be achieved by (a) Overproduction of those enzymes which are inactivated by herbicides; (b) Inducing mutation resulting in the production of enzymes which are less sensitive to the herbicide; (c) Introduction of such enzymes which cause detoxifi cation of herbicides. Several such enzymes have been identified in plants as well as in microbes and transferred into the crop plants to produce transgenic plants resistant to herbicides.
 

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Useful Resources and Notes for NEET Biology Biotechnology and its Applications

Core Study Kit: NEET Biology Biotechnology and its Applications

Access comprehensive study material for Biotechnology and its Applications, including revision notes, concept maps, and high-probability questions. These resources are designed in alignment with the latest 2026 NEET syllabus for NEET Biology to support effective exam preparation.

NCERT-Aligned Solutions for Biotechnology and its Applications

Each resource draws directly from authorized textbooks to maintain academic accuracy. Evaluating solved examples allows NEET students to master the formal presentation and answer-writing standards expected in upcoming school exams.

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Maximize your grade potential by utilizing NEET Biology practice papers in tandem with these structured notes. All printable assignments and interactive mock tests on our platform are updated for the 2026 session and available free of charge.

FAQs

What is included in the advanced study material for NEET Biology Biotechnology and its Applications?

Our advanced study package for Biotechnology and its Applications includes detailed concepts, diagrams, Mind Maps, and explanation of complex topics to ensure NEET students learn as per syllabus for 2026 exams.

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The Mind Maps provided for Biotechnology and its Applications act as visual anchors which will help faster recall during high-pressure exams.

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Yes, teachers use our NEET Biology resources for lesson planning as they are in simple language and have lot of solved examples.

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Does this material cover rationalized content for the 2026-27 NEET session?

Yes, our subject matter experts have updated the Biotechnology and its Applications material to align with the rationalized NCERT textbooks and have removed deleted topics and added new competency-based questions.