NEET Biology Body Fluids and Circulation Notes

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Angiology − Study of blood vascular system.
William Harvey (a British scientist) is the ‘Father of Angiology’. He studied blood vascular system (BVS) in a live snake. His monograph on blood circulation was named, ‘Anatomical exercise on the motion of the heart and blood’.
Fabricius (Guru of William Harvey) discovered valves in (longer) veins.
Marcello Malpighii (Founder of histology) discovered blood capillaries.
BVS fi rst time developed in Phylum Annelida. Protozoans to Aschelminthes do not have heart or BVS.
Blood Vascular System is of 2−types.
1. Open blood vascular system.
2. Closed blood vascular system
 
1. OPEN BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM
 
• In this type of BVS the blood is fi lled in sinuses or lacunae which together for a large blood fi lled cavity called Haemocoel.
• Capillaries−network is lacking.
• Such system is present in all the members of Phylum Arthropoda and a few members of Phylum Mollusca (eg. Pila, Unio).
In echinoderms the BVS is very much reduced, and is called Haemal system.
 
2. CLOSED BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM
 
• In this type of BVS the blood does not come out of the vessels and, hence, haemocoel is lacking.
• The Capillaries−network is present.
• Such system is present in all the members of subphylum Vertebrata, phylum Annelida* and few members of Phylum Mollusca (eg. Octopus, Squid).
• * The Leech (an annelid), however, has haemocoelomic system, consisting of haemocoelomic channels (not true blood vessels) which are derived from coelomic cavity.
 
The closed blood vascular system is of 2−types.
 
Single Circulation System−
 
In such system, for one complete circulation through the body, the blood passes only once through the heart . Such animals, therefore, have only deoxygenated blood in the heart. Such heart is known as Venous heart, eg Fishes
 
NEET Biology Body Fluids and Circulation Notes
 

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NEET NEET Biology Study Material: Body Fluids and Circulation

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