NEET Biology Morphology of Flowering Plants Notes

Advanced Study Material for NEET Biology: Morphology of Flowering Plants

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• Angiosperms are flowering, fruit bearing, spermatophytic plants that are well adapted for land. These plants are the most advanced and evolved group that exists today.
•  Angiosperms appeared in lower cretaceous period of mesozoic era but flourished in tertiary period of coenozoic era. They all have enclosed seeds and bear flowers. The flowering plants vary in size and ranging from small grasses to tall Eucalyptus or giant banyan trees.
•  Angiosperms lack archegonium which is replaced by pistil. They have double fertilization and endosperm is triploid.
•  The male gametes are nonmotile and carried by pollen tube to avoid dependence on water for fertilization.
•  These plants have been broadly classifi ed into monocots and dicots. Monocots are more advanced than dicots and have probably evolved from primitive dicots.
•  Plant morphology refers to the study of external form and structure of plants.
•  There are two major systems in flowering plants i.e., root system and shoot system.
 
THE ROOT
 
The main characteristics of root are as following :
• It is the underground system, usually below the soil and originates from the radicle.
•  Generally it is positively geotropic, negatively phototropic and positively hydrotropic.
•  The roots grow in downward direction for the purpose of anchorage and absorption of water and nutrients from the soil.
•  It lacks nodes, internodes, leaves and buds.
•  Unicellular hair and a terminal root cap or calyptra is present.
• The roots may be absent in some hydrophytes, but when present they are poorly developed and lack hair.
 
Functions of root
 
• The primary functions of root are fixation of plant fi rmly in soil, absorption of water and conduction of mineral nutrients.
• Roots also prevent soil erosion. The secondary or special functions of root include food storage, providing additional mechanical support, photosynthesis, respiration and vegetative multiplication, etc.
 
Types of Roots
 
• Roots are divided into two types:
 
(i) Tap roots
(ii) Adventitious roots
(i) Tap root : Tap root or primary root develops from the radicle. It form lateral branches or secondary roots which are further branched to form tertiary roots. Thus tap root along with its branches, i.e., secondary and tertiary roots from tap root system. It is generally found in dicotyledons.
(ii) Adventitious roots : These roots develop from any part of the plant instead of radicle.
 
 
NEET Biology Morphology of Flowering Plants Notes
 

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NEET NEET Biology Study Material: Morphology of Flowering Plants

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