CBSE Class 10 Science Management of natural resources Sure Shot Questions Set 02

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ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS SET – 2

CHAPTER – 16

MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

Multiple choice questions

From the list given below, pick the item that is not a natural resource

1. Soil
2. Water
3. Electricity
4. Air

Answer: (c) Electricity

The most rapidly dwindling natural resource in the world is

1. water
2. forests
3. wind
4. sunlight

Answer: (b) forests

The most appropriate definition of a natural resource is that it is a substance or commodity that is

1. present only on land
2. a gift of nature which is very useful to mankind
3. a man-made substance placed in nature
4. available only in the forest

Answer: (b) a gift of nature which is very useful to mankind

The main cause for abundant coliform bacteria in the river Ganga is

1. disposal of unburnt corpses into water
2. discharge of effluents from electroplating industries
3. washing of clothes
4. immersion of ashes

Answer: (a) disposal of unburnt corpses into water (along with untreated sewage)

The pH of a water sample collected from a river was found to be acidic in the range of 3.5–4.5. On the banks of the river were several factories that were discharging effluents into the river. The effluents of which one of the following factories is the most likely cause for lowering the pH of the river water?

1. Soap and detergent factory
2. Lead battery manufacturing factory
3. Plastic cup manufacturing factory
4. Alcohol distillery

Answer: (b) Lead battery manufacturing factory, because it discharges sulphuric acid

The pH range most conducive for the life of fresh water plants and animals is

1. 6.5–7.5
2. 2.0–3.5
3. 3.5–5.0
4. 9.0–10.5

Answer: (a) 6.5–7.5

The three R's that will help us to conserve natural resources for long-term use are

1. recycle, regenerate, reuse
2. reduce, regenerate, reuse
3. reduce, reuse, redistribute
4. reduce, recycle, reuse

Answer: (d) reduce, recycle, reuse

Given below are a few statements related to biodiversity. Pick those that correctly describe the concept of biodiversity. (i) Biodiversity refers to the different species of flora and fauna present in an area. (ii) Biodiversity refers to only the flora of a given area. (iii) Biodiversity is greater in a forest. (iv) Biodiversity refers to the total number of individuals of a particular species living in an area.

1. (i) and (ii)
2. (ii) and (iv)
3. (i) and (iii)
4. (ii) and (iii)

Answer: (c) (i) and (iii)

Among the statements given below, select the ones that correctly describe the concept of sustainable development. (i) Planned growth with minimum damage to the environment. (ii) Growth irrespective of the extent of damage caused to the environment. (iii) Stopping all developmental work to conserve the environment. (iv) Growth that is acceptable to all the stakeholders.

1. (i) and (iv)
2. (ii) and (iii)
3. (ii) and (iv)
4. (iii) only

Answer: (a) (i) and (iv)

In our country, vast tracts of forests are cleared and a single species of plant is cultivated. This practice promotes

1. biodiversity in the area
2. monoculture in the area
3. growth of natural forest
4. preservation of the natural ecosystem in the area

Answer: (b) monoculture in the area

A successful forest conservation strategy should involve

1. protection of animals at the highest trophic level
2. protection of only consumers
3. protection of only herbivores
4. a comprehensive programme to protect all the physical and biological components

Answer: (d) a comprehensive programme to protect all the physical and biological components

The important message conveyed by the 'Chipko Movement' is

1. to involve the community in forest conservation efforts
2. to ignore the community in forest conservation efforts
3. to cut down forest trees for developmental activities
4. that government agencies have the unquestionable right to order destruction of trees in forests

Answer: (a) to involve the community in forest conservation efforts

In our country, there are attempts to increase the height of several existing dams like Tehri and Almatti, and dams across the Narmada. Choose the correct statements among the following that are a consequence of raising the height of dams. (i) Terrestrial flora and fauna of the area is destroyed completely. (ii) Dislocation of people and domestic animals living in the area. (iii) Valuable agricultural land may be permanently lost. (iv) It will generate permanent employment for people.

1. (i) and (ii)
2. (i), (ii) and (iii)
3. (ii) and (iv)
4. (i), (iii) and (iv)

Answer: (b) (i), (ii) and (iii)

Expand the abbreviation GAP

1. Governmental Agency for Pollution Control
2. Gross Assimilation by Photosynthesis
3. Ganga Action Plan
4. Governmental Agency for Animal Protection

Answer: (c) Ganga Action Plan

Select the incorrect statement

1. Economic development is linked to environmental conservation
2. Sustainable development encourages development for the current generation and conservation of resources for future generations
3. Sustainable development does not consider the viewpoints of stakeholders
4. Sustainable development is a long planned and persistent development

Answer: (c) Sustainable development does not consider the viewpoints of stakeholders

Which of the following is not a natural resource?

1. Mango tree
2. Snake
3. Wind
4. Wooden house

Answer: (d) Wooden house

Select the wrong statement

1. Forests provide a variety of products
2. Forests have greater plant diversity
3. Forests do not conserve soil
4. Forests conserve water

Answer: (c) Forests do not conserve soil

The Arabari forests of Bengal are dominated by

1. teak
2. sal
3. bamboo
4. mangrove

Answer: (b) sal

Ground water will not be depleted due to

1. afforestation
2. thermal power plants
3. loss of forest and decreased rainfall
4. cropping of high water demanding crops

Answer: (a) afforestation

Opposition to the construction of large dams is due to

1. social reasons
2. economic reasons
3. environmental reasons
4. all of the above

Answer: (d) all of the above

Khadins, bundhis, ahars and kattas are ancient structures that are examples of

1. grain storage
2. wood storage
3. water harvesting
4. soil conservation

Answer: (c) water harvesting

Pick the right combination of terms which has no fossil fuel.

1. Wind, ocean and coal
2. Kerosene, wind and tide
3. Wind, wood, sun
4. Petroleum, wood, sun

Answer: (c) Wind, wood, sun

Select the eco-friendly activity among the following

1. Using a car for transportation
2. Using polybags for shopping
3. Using dyes for colouring clothes
4. Using windmills to generate power for irrigation

Answer: (d) Using windmills to generate power for irrigation

It is important to make small check dams across flooded gullies because they (i) hold water for irrigation, (ii) hold water and prevent soil erosion, (iii) recharge ground water, (iv) hold water permanently.

1. (i) and (iv)
2. (ii) and (iii)
3. (iii) and (iv)
4. (ii) and (iv)

Answer: (b) (ii) and (iii)

Short and long answer questions

(a) Locate and name the water reservoirs in Figures (a) and (b). (b) Which has an advantage over the other and why?

Answer: (a) In Fig. (a) the water reservoir is the surface water body (a pond or lake) beside the land. In Fig. (b) the water reservoir is the ground water stored below the soil.
(b) Ground water (Fig. b) has the advantage: it does not evaporate, it is not easily polluted, it does not breed mosquitoes, no land is lost and it feeds wells and recharges the water table.

Prepare a list of five items that you use daily in school. Identify from the list such items that can be recycled.

Answer: Notebooks, pens, paper sheets, plastic water bottle, pencil. Recyclable items: paper (notebooks and sheets) and the plastic bottle. (The answer can vary with the items chosen.)

List two advantages associated with water harvesting at the community level.

Answer: 1. It recharges the ground water table and keeps wells and handpumps from drying up.
2. It makes water available for drinking and irrigation round the year and reduces floods and soil erosion.

In a village in Karnataka, people started cultivating crops all around a lake which was always filled with water. They added fertilisers to their fields to enhance the yield. Soon they discovered that the water body was completely covered with green floating plants and fish started dying in large numbers. Analyse the situation and give reasons for the excessive growth of plants and the death of fish in the lake.

Answer: The fertilisers contain nitrates and phosphates, which are washed from the fields into the lake. These nutrients cause a rapid growth of algae and other floating plants (eutrophication, algal bloom). The plants cover the water surface, so light and oxygen cannot enter the water. When the plants die and decompose, bacteria use up the dissolved oxygen, and the fish die for lack of oxygen.

What measures would you take to conserve electricity in your house?

Answer: Switch off lights and fans when not in use, use LED bulbs and CFLs instead of ordinary bulbs, use energy-efficient (star-rated) appliances, use natural light in the day, and use solar energy for heating water.

Although coal and petroleum are produced by the degradation of biomass, yet we need to conserve them. Why?

Answer: They take millions of years to form and they are limited in quantity, so they are non-renewable. Once used up, they cannot be replaced soon. Burning them also pollutes the air.

Suggest a few measures for controlling carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.

Answer: Plant more trees and stop deforestation, use less fossil fuel, use public transport or car pools, use renewable energy such as solar and wind power, and save electricity.

In the context of conservation of natural resources, explain the terms reduce, recycle and reuse. From among the materials that we use in daily life, identify two materials for each category.

Answer: Reduce means using less of a resource, for example switching off lights and fans, or not wasting water. Recycle means collecting waste and making new things from it, for example paper, plastic, glass and metals. Reuse means using an item again and again, for example envelopes, glass bottles, plastic containers.
Examples: Reduce – electricity, water. Recycle – paper, plastic. Reuse – glass bottles, old envelopes.

Prepare a list of five activities that you perform daily in which natural resources can be conserved or energy utilisation can be minimised.

Answer: Switching off lights and fans when leaving a room; closing the tap while brushing; walking or cycling for short distances; reusing paper and bags; using both sides of a notebook page.

Is water conservation necessary? Give reasons.

Answer: Yes. Water is essential for life, but fresh water available for use is very small and the demand keeps increasing. Ground water is depleting and many places face scarcity, so water must be conserved for the present and for future generations.

Suggest a few useful ways of utilising waste water.

Answer: Waste water from the kitchen and bathroom can be used for watering gardens and plants, washing floors and vehicles, and flushing toilets. After treatment it can also be used in industries and irrigation.

What is the importance of forest as a resource?

Answer: Forests give us wood, fuel, food, medicines, fodder and raw materials. They prevent soil erosion, help in rainfall, conserve water, give out oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide, and are the home of many plants and animals (biodiversity).

Why are the Arabari forests of Bengal known to be a good example of a conserved forest?

Answer: The Arabari forests (sal forests) were degraded, but the forest officer A. K. Banerjee involved the local people in their protection. In return the villagers got employment, a share of the produce and the right to collect fuel wood and fodder. With the people's cooperation the sal forest recovered very well.

What will be the effect of an increase in the amount of CO₂ in the atmosphere on the average temperature of the earth?

Answer: Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. More CO₂ traps more heat, so the average temperature of the earth increases (global warming).

Why is it necessary to conserve our environment?

Answer: To keep a balance in nature, to keep the air, water and soil clean, to protect plants and animals, and to make sure that resources remain for the future generations.

Which of the following is the major constituent of biogas: CO₂, H₂, CH₄, CO?

Answer: CH₄ (methane).

Which of the following pollutants of air would affect the capacity of blood in the human body to absorb O₂ from the lungs: NO₂, SO₄, CO, CO₂?

Answer: CO (carbon monoxide), because it combines with haemoglobin and prevents it from carrying oxygen.

Where was the Chipko movement started?

Answer: In the Garhwal Himalayas (Reni village, Chamoli district, now in Uttarakhand), in the 1970s.

What are the two major benefits of dams?

Answer: Dams store water for irrigation and for drinking, and they are used to generate hydroelectricity. They also help to control floods.

What are kulhs?

Answer: Kulhs are the traditional channels used in Himachal Pradesh to carry water from the glacial streams to the fields for irrigation.

List any two systems of water harvesting.

Answer: Khadins and tanks in Rajasthan, bandharas in Maharashtra, ahars and pynes in Bihar, kulhs in Himachal Pradesh, ponds in Jammu region (any two).

How is the increase in demand for energy affecting the atmosphere?

Answer: More fossil fuels are burnt to produce energy, which adds carbon dioxide and other gases to the air. This causes air pollution, acid rain and global warming.

Write two advantages of classifying energy sources as renewable and non-renewable.

Answer: It tells us which sources will run out, so we can use them carefully, and it encourages us to develop renewable sources, which do not get exhausted and cause less pollution.

Why should we conserve forests? Suggest any two ways of conserving forests.

Answer: Forests are a source of many products, they protect soil and water, keep the climate balanced and hold a lot of biodiversity. Ways: stop deforestation and plant more trees (afforestation); involve local people in forest management; control grazing and forest fires.

What are fossil fuels? Give two examples of fossil fuels.

Answer: Fossil fuels are fuels formed from the remains of dead plants and animals buried under the earth for millions of years. Examples: coal and petroleum.

Write the ecological functions of forests.

Answer: Forests prevent soil erosion, help rainfall, maintain the water cycle, recharge ground water, absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, control temperature and provide a habitat for wild life.

What is the Chipko movement? How did this movement ultimately benefit the local populations and the environment?

Answer: The Chipko movement was started in the 1970s, in the Garhwal Himalayas, when the villagers, especially women, hugged the trees to stop them from being cut by contractors. It made the government and people aware of the value of forests. It saved the trees and so protected the soil, water and local environment, and the local people kept their right to collect fuel wood and fodder.

How do forests get depleted? What are its consequences?

Answer: Forests are depleted by cutting trees for wood, fuel and farming, by overgrazing, forest fires, mining and building dams and roads. The consequences are loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, floods, less rainfall and an increase in carbon dioxide in the air.

Suggest any two measures for controlling CO₂ levels in the atmosphere.

Answer: Planting more trees, and using less fossil fuel (for example by using public transport and renewable energy).

Why are the Arabari forests of Bengal known to be a good example of conserved forests?

Answer: The local people were involved in protecting the forest and were given benefits in return, such as employment and a share of produce. With their cooperation the degraded sal forest recovered and its value increased.

Why are environmentalists insisting upon sustainable natural resource management? Give any three reasons.

Answer: 1. Resources are limited and must last for future generations.
2. It prevents damage and pollution of the environment.
3. It ensures that development is fair to all the stakeholders and long lasting.

Suggest any two ways of utilising waste water.

Answer: Use it for watering plants and gardens, and for washing floors and cars.

Briefly describe the Ganga Action Plan.

Answer: The Ganga Action Plan was launched in 1985 to reduce the pollution of the river Ganga. It aimed to build sewage treatment plants and to stop untreated sewage and industrial waste from entering the river. It showed that people's participation is very important, since the pollution was still high because of the huge population and the waste dumped in the river.

Explain the methods of water harvesting.

Answer: Water harvesting means collecting and storing rain water so that it can be used later and also recharge ground water. Methods include digging small pits and ponds, building small earthen check dams, bunds across slopes, johads, khadins, tankas and rooftop rain water harvesting. Each method holds water, prevents run-off and recharges the ground water.

Quote three instances where human interventions saved the forests.

Answer: 1. The Chipko movement in Garhwal, where villagers hugged trees to stop felling.
2. The Arabari forests of West Bengal, where local people were involved in forest management.
3. The Bishnoi community of Rajasthan, who protect the trees and animals around their villages.

There are four main stakeholders when it comes to forests and wild life. Which among these should be the authority to decide the management of forest produce? Why?

Answer: The four stakeholders are the people who live in or near the forest, the forest department of the government, industrialists, and the nature and wild life enthusiasts. The local people should have the main say, because they depend directly on the forest and have protected it for generations, and they know best how to use it without destroying it. The government and others should help and guide them.

What is the importance of water harvesting?

Answer: It recharges the ground water, makes water available in dry seasons, prevents soil erosion and floods, and reduces the dependence on rain and on the supply from outside.

An environmentalist on a visit to your school suggested the use of the three R's to save the environment. Explain the three R's.

Answer: Reduce: use less of things, for example do not waste electricity and water. Recycle: send used items like paper, plastic, glass and metal for making new things. Reuse: use things again, for example use bottles and envelopes again, instead of throwing them away.

What does sustainable management mean? The environmentalists are insisting upon sustainable natural resource management. State four advantages.

Answer: Sustainable management means using the natural resources in a planned way, so that the present needs are met and the resources are also saved for future generations.
Advantages: 1. Resources last longer. 2. The environment is protected from damage. 3. Future generations also get resources. 4. All the stakeholders get a fair share of the benefits.

What is a dam? Write two main advantages and two ill-effects of constructing a big dam.

Answer: A dam is a wall built across a river to store water.
Advantages: it provides water for irrigation and drinking, and it generates electricity.
Ill-effects: it displaces people from their homes and land, and it destroys forests and the habitats of plants and animals.

Why is replenishment of forests necessary?

Answer: The forests are cut again and again and the resources get depleted. Replenishing them by planting trees keeps the forests, soil, rainfall and biodiversity safe, and ensures wood and other forest products for the future.

List four changes you would incorporate in your lifestyle in a move towards sustainable use of available resources.

Answer: 1. Save electricity and water.
2. Use public transport, walk or cycle for short distances.
3. Reduce, reuse and recycle things.
4. Avoid plastic bags and plant trees.

Name a bacterium found in the human intestine.

Answer: Escherichia coli (E. coli), a coliform bacterium.

Which is the easiest method to detect water pollution?

Answer: Testing the pH of the water with pH paper (an acidic or basic pH shows pollution); a high coliform count shows sewage pollution.

A person lives near a forest. List four items which he can get from the forest to meet his daily needs.

Answer: Fuel wood, fodder for animals, fruits and honey (food), medicinal plants and timber for building.

Why are forests called 'biodiversity hot spots'?

Answer: Forests contain a very large variety of plants, animals and micro-organisms living together. Many species are found only there, so forests are rich in biodiversity.

(a) Soil

(b) Water

(a) Mango tree

(b) Snake

18. Arabari forests of Bengal is dominated by

(a) Teak

(c) Bamboo

(d) Mangroove

20. Opposition to the constrution of large dams is due to

(a) social reasons

(b) economic reasons

(c) enviromental reasons

(d) all the above

(a) grain storage

(b) wood storage

42. Where was CHIPKO MOVEMENT started?

70. Why are forest called “biodiversity hot spot”?