CBSE Class 10 Science Management of natural resources Sure Shot Questions Set 01

CBSE Class 10 Science Management of natural resources Sure Shot Questions A. There are many more useful educational material which the students can download in pdf format and use them for studies. Study material like concept maps, important and sure shot question banks, quick to learn flash cards, flow charts, mind maps, teacher notes, important formulas, past examinations question bank, important concepts taught by teachers. Students can download these useful educational material free and use them to get better marks in examinations.  Also refer to other worksheets for the same chapter and other subjects too. Use them for better understanding of the subjects.

1. The three Rs to save the environment are [1 Mark]
a) Remember, Reduce, Reuse
b) Recall, Reduce, Refund
c) Reduce, Recycle, Reuse
d) Reduce, Refund, Reuse

Answer: (c) Reduce, Recycle, Reuse

1. The three Rs stand for Reduce, Recycle, and Reuse.
2. Reduce means using less resources, recycle means processing waste into new products, and reuse means using items again.
3. Hence, the correct option is (c).

Teacher's Note:
a) This principle helps in sustainable management of natural resources.
b) Students often confuse recycling with reducing; learn the distinct meanings.

2. Biodiversity hot spots are [1 Mark]
a) Areas where large number of different species are found
b) Hot Areas where large number of different species are found
c) Areas which became hot due to large number of different species.
d) Areas where large spot has been created due to death of number of species

Answer: (a) Areas where large number of different species are found

1. Biodiversity hot spots are regions with a high concentration of endemic and diverse species.
2. These regions are under constant threat of habitat destruction.
3. Hence, the correct option is (a).

Teacher's Note:
a) Hot spots are rich in biological diversity.
b) Endemic species are restricted to a particular region.

3. Chipko Andolan is associated with [1 Mark]
a) Protesting against pasting of posters on walls
b) Saving money
c) Using more postal stamps
d) Saving forest

Answer: (d) Saving forest

1. Chipko Andolan originated in a remote village in Garhwal.
2. Village women hugged the trees to prevent contractors from cutting them down.
3. Hence, the correct option is (d).

Teacher's Note:
a) The movement started in Reni village.
b) It highlights local participation in forest conservation.

4. Stake holders of our forest are [1 Mark]
a) people who live in or around forests are dependent on forest produce
b) Forest Department of the Government which owns the land
c) the industrialists - from those who use 'tendu' leaves to make bidis to the ones with paper mills
d) All of the above

Answer: (d) All of the above

1. Local people, the forest department, and industrialists are all stakeholders in forests.
2. Wildlife and nature enthusiasts also constitute stakeholders.
3. Hence, the correct option is (d).

Teacher's Note:
a) Stakeholders are groups with varied interests in forest resources.
b) Balancing their demands is crucial for conservation.

5. Amrita Bishnoi lost her life while saving forest having ____ trees [1 Mark]
a) teak b) khejri
c) bamboo d) segun

Answer: b) khejri

1. Amrita Bishnoi led a group of people to protect Khejri trees in KheJrali village.
2. She sacrificed her life along with hundreds of others.
3. Hence, the correct option is (b).

Teacher's Note:
a) The Bishnoi community is known for peaceful conservation efforts.
b) The Government of India instituted an award in her honor.

6. Wild life includes [1 Mark]
a) Wild animals only
b) Wild plants only
c) Wild plants and animals
d) All plant and animals

Answer: c) Wild plants and animals

1. Wildlife refers to undomesticated plant and animal species.
2. It encompasses all naturally occurring flora and fauna in an area.
3. Hence, the correct option is (c).

Teacher's Note:
a) Do not limit wildlife only to animals; plants are equally important.
b) It forms the base of ecological balance.

7. Ganga action plan has been initiated to [1 Mark]
a) Dredge and make the river better for water transport
b) Increase fishery in the Ganges
c) Improve the quality of water in the river
d) None of the above

Answer: c) Improve the quality of water in the river

1. The Ganga Action Plan is a massive multi-crore project launched to clean the river.
2. The primary aim is to reduce pollution levels and improve water quality.
3. Hence, the correct option is (c).

Teacher's Note:
a) Untreated sewage was the main pollutant targeted by the plan.
b) Check all options carefully if they appear differently in your text.

8. A local system of canal irrigation called kulhs is practiced in [1 Mark]
(a) Himachal Pradesh
(b) Arunachal Pradesh
(c) Andhra Pradesh
(d) Madhya Pradesh

Answer: (a) Himachal Pradesh

1. Kulhs are traditional water harvesting systems used in Himachal Pradesh.
2. Water from streams is diverted into man-made channels for agriculture.
3. Hence, the correct option is (a).

Teacher's Note:
a) Kulhs manage water distribution locally through community participation.
b) This traditional method ensures water reaches tail-end villages effectively.

9. Indira Gandhi Canal has brought greenery to considerable areas of ______ [1 Mark]
(a) Gujarat
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Haryana
(d) Uttar Pradesh

Answer: (b) Rajasthan

1. The Indira Gandhi Canal originates from the Harike Barrage in Punjab.
2. It flows through the Thar Desert, providing irrigation to western districts.
3. Hence, the correct option is (b).

Teacher's Note:
a) Large tracts of arid land have been transformed into agricultural fields.
b) Ecological changes also accompanied this large-scale water supply project.

10. Conservation of Wildlife includes [1 Mark]
(a) Preventing poaching of animals
(b) Construction of National parks, Sanctuaries
(c) Ban on trading endangered species
(d) All of the above

Answer: (d) All of the above

1. Preventing illegal hunting protects vulnerable animal species.
2. National parks and sanctuaries provide protected natural habitats.
3. Banning trade reduces commercial incentives for wildlife destruction.
4. Hence, the correct option is (d).

Teacher's Note:
a) Wildlife conservation requires multi-pronged legislative and practical measures.
b) Habitat preservation alongside anti-poaching laws ensures species survival.

11. What does the high level of total coli form count in river Ganga indicates? [1 Mark]

Answer:
1. A high level of total coliform count in river Ganga indicates contamination by disease-causing microorganisms.
2. These bacteria originate from human faecal matter dumped into the river water.

Teacher's Note:
a) Coliform bacteria act as an indicator organism for water pollution.
b) High counts render the water unsafe for drinking and bathing.

12. What are “biodiversity hot spots”? What is the measure of the biodiversity? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Biodiversity hot spots are regions that are extremely rich in species diversity and endemic species, but face constant threats of habitat destruction.
2. The measure of biodiversity of an area is the number of different species of plants, animals, and microorganisms present in that region.

Teacher's Note:
a) Hot spots require urgent conservation priority due to high endemism.
b) Species richness and genetic variability determine overall ecosystem health.

13. Which programme was started to replenish forests? [1 Mark]

Answer:
1. Silviculture or Afforestation programmes were started to replenish depleted forests.

Teacher's Note:
a) These programs focus on large-scale tree planting and sustainable forest management.
b) They help restore ecological balance and meet timber and fuel requirements.

14. Why scarcity of water is there in our country in spite of nature’s monsoon bounty? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Monsoon rainfall in India is unevenly distributed temporally and spatially, restricted to only a few months.
2. Rapid population growth, industrialization, and inefficient water management lead to severe scarcity and depletion of resources.

Teacher's Note:
a) Poor infrastructure fails to capture and store rainwater effectively.
b) Pollution of water bodies further reduces the availability of usable freshwater.

15. What is the effect of continuous depletion of ground water along coastal region? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Continuous depletion of groundwater lowers the freshwater table significantly.
2. This causes saline water from the sea to seep into freshwater aquifers, rendering the groundwater salty and unfit for drinking or irrigation.

Teacher's Note:
a) Saltwater intrusion damages coastal agricultural soil productivity.
b) Aquifers once contaminated by salinity are extremely difficult to rehabilitate.

16. Why is dependence of man on nature greater than that of any other organism? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Human beings have complex societal, industrial, and technological needs beyond basic survival.
2. We depend on nature for raw materials, energy resources, agriculture, and economic development on a massive scale.

Teacher's Note:
a) Advanced lifestyles increase per capita consumption of natural resources.
b) This extensive exploitation creates greater ecological footprints compared to other species.

17. In addition to low rainfall, what are the other reasons for non-availability of water in arid and semi-arid zones of our country? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. High rates of evaporation due to high temperatures deplete surface water rapidly.
2. Poor soil water retention capacity and lack of perennial river systems contribute to chronic water scarcity.

Teacher's Note:
a) Traditional water harvesting structures are often neglected or abandoned.
b) Overgrazing and sparse vegetation lead to poor moisture percolation into soils.

18. Why is mining a big source of pollution? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Mining operations generate massive quantities of solid waste and slag dumped near extraction sites.
2. Dust emissions cause severe air pollution, and toxic runoff from mining waste contaminates nearby water sources.

Teacher's Note:
a) Deforestation often precedes mining, destroying local ecosystems.
b) Heavy machinery usage adds to noise and air pollution.

19. Write two points to be kept in mind while storing water in tanks. [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Tanks should be cleaned and maintained regularly to prevent breeding of mosquitoes and pathogens.
2. They must be securely covered to prevent contamination from dust, debris, and insects.

Teacher's Note:
a) Proper sealing prevents water-borne diseases like malaria and dengue.
b) Inlet filters ensure that only clean rainwater enters storage tanks.

20. Write any two alternatives to dams. [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Watershed management systems including check dams and contour trenches.
2. Traditional rainwater harvesting structures such as kulhs, khadins, and johads.

Teacher's Note:
a) Small-scale structures cause fewer environmental disruptions than large dams.
b) They promote decentralized community participation in water conservation.

21. Why do you think there should be equitable distribution of resources? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Equitable distribution ensures that all sections of society, especially the poor and marginalized, have access to basic life-sustaining resources.
2. It prevents the exploitation and monopolization of natural wealth by a privileged few, fostering social justice and harmony.

Teacher's Note:
a) Sustainable development requires sharing resources fairly across generations.
b) Disparities in resource access often lead to social unrest and resource depletion.

22. Which canal has brought greenery to considerable areas of Rajasthan? [1 Mark]

Answer:
1. Indira Gandhi Canal has brought greenery to considerable areas of Rajasthan.

Teacher's Note:
a) Water supply through this canal transformed dry desert lands into cultivable zones.
b) It supports local agriculture and improves rural livelihoods.

23. What were the two main problems as a result of Tawa Irrigation Project? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Waterlogging caused by excessive canal irrigation ruined agricultural productivity in downstream areas.
2. Salinization of soil occurred, and displacement of local forest dwellers and farmers led to social conflict.

Teacher's Note:
a) Poor planning in large irrigation projects often ignores ecological consequences.
b) Displaced communities frequently lose traditional livelihoods without adequate rehabilitation.

24. Write the advantages of giving the control of water management to the residents of the area? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Local residents have better understanding of regional water requirements and traditional conservation techniques.
2. It ensures equitable water allocation and motivates communities to maintain and protect local water structures.

Teacher's Note:
a) Decentralized management reduces dependency on government machinery.
b) Community involvement fosters a sense of ownership and accountability.

25. State benefits of water harvesting. [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. It recharges groundwater aquifers, increasing the overall water table and ensuring perennial water availability.
2. It provides water for irrigation and domestic use during dry periods, reducing dependence on municipal supplies.

Teacher's Note:
a) Water harvesting helps mitigate floods and soil erosion during heavy monsoons.
b) It is an eco-friendly and economically viable decentralized solution.

26. How did Chipko Andolan ultimately benefit the local population? Give any three benefits? [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. It protected local forests from commercial felling, preserving ecological balance and preventing landslides.
2. It ensured a sustainable supply of forest resources such as fuel, fodder, and medicinal herbs for local communities.
3. It empowered local people by giving them a decisive voice in the management and protection of their natural resources.

Teacher's Note:
a) The movement highlighted the interdependence of forest health and human survival.
b) It established the success of grassroots environmental activism in India.
c) Community-based conservation safeguards resources against contractor exploitation.

27. Quote three instances where human intervention saved the forests from destruction. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. The Chipko movement in Uttarakhand where villagers hugged trees to prevent contractors from cutting them down.
2. The involvement of Amrita Devi Bishnoi and villagers in Rajasthan who sacrificed their lives to protect sacred Khejri trees.
3. The rehabilitation of degraded Sal forests in West Bengal through the active protection efforts of local forest department officials and villagers.

Teacher's Note:
a) These examples demonstrate that conservation succeeds when local communities are involved.
b) Active participation reverses environmental degradation effectively.
c) Government support combined with grassroots commitment yields sustainable ecological recovery.

28. Why are environmentalists insisting upon sustainable natural resource management? give any four reasons. [4 Marks]

Answer:
1. Resources are limited and human population is growing at a rapid rate, leading to very high demand.
2. Sustainable management ensures that natural resources last for generations to come without getting depleted.
3. It prevents environmental degradation and reduces pollution caused by the over-exploitation of resources.
4. It ensures equitable distribution of resources so that all members of society benefit, rather than just a few rich and powerful people.

Teacher's Note:
a) Sustainable development meets current needs without compromising future generations.
b) Avoid writing general statements without citing specific reasons like resource depletion or pollution.
c) Sustainable management is a core concept tested frequently in board exams.
d) Always list distinct points covering ecological, social, and economic aspects.

29. What is considered as eco - religion? [1 Mark]

Answer:
The Bishnoi community's tradition of conservation of wildlife and forests, and treating them as an integral part of their religion, is considered as an eco-religion.

Teacher's Note:
a) The Bishnois of Rajasthan sacrificed their lives to protect Khejri trees.
b) Make sure to name the Bishnoi community to earn full credit.

30. How did ’Chipko Andolan’ ultimately benefit the local population? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. It forced the authorities to rethink their priorities in the utilization of forest produce and ensured that local communities had access to green fodder and firewood.
2. It made the local people realize that they can effectively manage their forest resources and protect their environment from destruction.

Teacher's Note:
a) Chipko movement originated in Reni village of Garhwal.
b) Highlight the empowerment of local communities in the answer.

31. What are ‘Biodiversity hot spots’? What is the measure of biodiversity in an area? How is it being affected? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Biodiversity hot spots are regions that are extremely rich in species diversity and endemic species.
2. The measure of biodiversity of an area is simply the number of species found in that specific region.
3. It is being severely affected due to habitat destruction, pollution, and human encroachment.

Teacher's Note:
a) Endemic species are plants and animals that exist only in one particular geographic region.
b) Mention both the definition and the threat to secure full marks.

32. Why do you think there should be equitable distribution of resources? What forces would be working against an equitable distribution of our resources? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Equitable distribution ensures that all people benefit from the development of resources, not just a handful of powerful or rich people.
2. Greed, corruption, industrial lobbies, and the economic divide between the rich and the poor work against equitable distribution.

Teacher's Note:
a) Resources belong to everyone in society as a collective asset.
b) Identify both socio-economic factors and human greed as opposing forces.

33. Why do we need to resort to water harvesting when we can collect rain water and use it? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Rainfall is seasonal and erratic, so stored rainwater in tanks can get exhausted during long dry spells.
2. Water harvesting structures like khadins, percolation tanks, and johads recharge groundwater, which provides moisture for vegetation and feeds wells over a wider area.

Teacher's Note:
a) Groundwater does not evaporate and is protected from contamination by mosquitoes.
b) Distinguish between simple rainwater collection and comprehensive watershed management.

34. Name a bacteria found in human intestine? [1 Mark]

Answer:
Coliform bacteria (such as Escherichia coli).

Teacher's Note:
a) Coliform bacteria normally reside in the human large intestine.
b) Their presence in water sources indicates fecal contamination.

35. What will be the result of presence of excess amount of CO2 in environment. [1 Mark]

Answer:
It leads to global warming and climate change through the enhanced greenhouse effect.

Teacher's Note:
a) Carbon dioxide traps infrared radiation reflected from the Earth's surface.
b) Mention global warming clearly as the primary consequence.

36. Which is the easiest method to detect water pollution? [1 Mark]

Answer:
Checking for the presence of coliform bacteria in water samples using standard microbial testing kits or laboratory coliform count tests.

Teacher's Note:
a) Coliform acts as an indicator organism for water contamination.
b) Keep the answer precise and focused on coliform testing.

37. A person lives near a forest. Enlist 4 items which he can get from forests to meet his daily needs. [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Firewood and timber for fuel and construction.
2. Fruits, berries, and medicinal herbs for food and health.
3. Fodder for grazing domestic cattle.
4. Bamboo, gums, resins, and honey.

Teacher's Note:
a) Forest-dwelling communities depend directly on these resources for sustenance.
b) List four distinct and practical items to ensure full marks.

38. Why are forest called “biodiversity hot spot”? [1 Mark]

Answer:
Forests are called biodiversity hot spots because they harbor an enormous variety of plant and animal species living in complex interdependence.

Teacher's Note:
a) High species richness defines a biological hot spot.
b) Keep the response direct and scientifically accurate.

39. Name four substances that can be recycled. [1 Mark]

Answer:
Paper, glass, plastic, and metals (such as aluminum and iron).

Teacher's Note:
a) Recycling reduces the pressure on virgin raw materials.
b) Ensure all four common recyclable materials are mentioned.

40. What do you mean by the trm sustainable development? [1 Mark]

Answer:
Sustainable development is economic development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Teacher's Note:
a) Note the typo 'trm' in the question refers to the term.
b) This is a standard textbook definition and must be written verbatim.

41. How does mining lead to pollution? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Mining causes massive air pollution through the generation of huge quantities of dust and toxic gases from extraction and processing.
2. It causes water and land pollution as metal-losing tailings, acidic runoff, and toxic chemical effluents contaminate nearby water bodies and soil.

Teacher's Note:
a) Mining extracts ores and minerals while discarding large amounts of slag.
b) Mention both air and water pollution to secure full marks.

42. “Coal and petroleum are converted forms of solar energy”.is this statement correct? [1 Mark]

Answer:
Yes, the statement is correct because coal and petroleum are formed from the fossilized remains of ancient plants and animals that originally trapped solar energy through photosynthesis millions of years ago.

Teacher's Note:
a) Fossil fuels store ancient solar energy chemically.
b) Connect photosynthesis and fossilization in the explanation.

43. Hydroelectric power is also an indirect form of solar energy. how? [1 Mark]

Answer:
Solar energy drives the water cycle by evaporating water from oceans, which forms clouds, brings rain, and fills rivers, ultimately driving hydroelectric generators.

Teacher's Note:
a) The sun powers evaporation and precipitation.
b) Briefly explain the water cycle link to secure credit.

44. Write at least two ways by which people of ancient India managed water resources? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Building mud embankments, check dams, and masonry reservoirs (such as Khadins and johads) to store rainwater.
2. Constructing elaborate canal systems (such as in ancient Bengal) and underground water storage tanks (like tankas in Rajasthan).

Teacher's Note:
a) Traditional water harvesting systems were location-specific.
b) Give specific traditional examples for better clarity.

45. What will happen if loss of biodiversity occurs? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. It leads to the disruption of ecological stability, food chains, and natural ecosystems.
2. It causes the collapse of ecological services such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation, threatening human survival.

Teacher's Note:
a) Interdependence is a fundamental law of nature.
b) Highlight ecological imbalance and loss of life support systems.

46. What strategies should be adopted such that forest products are used and the environment also does not get disturbed? [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Implement sustainable harvesting practices where only mature trees or non-timber forest products are collected without clear-cutting.
2. Involve local communities in forest management and conservation to prevent illegal logging and degradation.
3. Practice afforestation and reforestation to continuously replenish the harvested green cover.

Teacher's Note:
a) Sustainable forestry balances human needs with ecological preservation.
b) Mention community participation for higher scoring answers.

47. Besides conservation of wildlife and forest, suggest some ways which can improve our environment. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Reduce the use of fossil fuels by adopting renewable energy sources like solar and wind power.
2. Practice the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) to minimize solid waste generation.
3. Promote organic farming, reduce chemical fertilizers, and plant trees in urban areas.

Teacher's Note:
a) Environmental improvement requires a holistic approach.
b) Give diverse actionable methods across different domains.

48. What is watershed management? what is its aim and what are the benefits? [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Watershed management is the technique of developing and managing water resources within a specific geographical drainage basin.
2. Its aim is to develop primary resources of land and water, produce secondary resources of plants and animals, and mitigate droughts and floods.
3. Its benefits include increasing biomass production, raising groundwater levels, and improving the economic and social condition of local communities.

Teacher's Note:
a) Watershed management emphasizes scientific soil and water conservation.
b) Structure the answer clearly into definition, aim, and benefits.

49. What you can do as an individual to reduce consumption of various nature resources and help in environment conservation? [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Switch off lights, fans, and electrical appliances when not in use to save electricity.
2. Walk, cycle, or use public transport instead of personal vehicles to conserve fuel.
3. Avoid single-use plastics, repair leaking taps, and reuse items whenever possible.

Teacher's Note:
a) Individual actions collectively make a massive environmental impact.
b) Provide practical, everyday examples in your points.

50. What is coliform bacteria? What does its presence in water indicate? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Coliform bacteria are a group of rod-shaped microorganisms found primarily in human and animal intestines.
2. Their presence in water indicates contamination by disease-causing pathogenic microorganisms from fecal matter.

Teacher's Note:
a) Coliform acts as an indicator organism for water safety.
b) Clearly link the presence of coliform to fecal pollution.

51. State two reasons of launching "Ganga Action Plan". Which bacteria was found in Ganga water indicating contamination? [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. The Ganga Action Plan was launched because the river water was heavily polluted with untreated municipal sewage dumped from cities along its course.
2. Industrial toxic effluents and chemical waste flowing directly into the river also necessitated massive cleanup efforts.
3. The bacterium found in Ganga water indicating this contamination was coliform bacteria.

Teacher's Note:
a) The multi-crore Ganga Action Plan was initiated in 1985.
b) Cover both the reasons for pollution and the specific contaminant bacterium.

52. What are the 3R’s in sustainable development? [1 Mark]

Answer:
Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle.

Teacher's Note:
a) The 3Rs form the core hierarchy of waste management.
b) State all three terms clearly to secure full credit.

53. What are the two kinds of natural resources? [1 Mark]

Answer:
Renewable resources and non-renewable resources.

Teacher's Note:
a) Renewable resources replenish naturally, while non-renewable resources are exhaustible.
b) Keep the answer concise and exact.

54. What changes can you make in your habits to become more environment friendly? [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Practice the 3Rs by reducing waste, reusing materials, and segregating garbage for recycling.
2. Conserve energy and water by switching off unused appliances and fixing leaks promptly.
3. Use eco-friendly transport methods like walking or public transit and plant more trees in the surroundings.

Teacher's Note:
a) Environment-friendly habits help lower personal carbon footprint.
b) Frame points around waste, energy, and conservation practices.

55. List any two common methods by which solid wastes of urban areas are disposed off? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Landfilling: Dumping solid waste in low-lying areas and covering it with layers of soil.
2. Composting: Converting biodegradable organic waste into manure by burying it in pits.

Teacher's Note:
a) Proper waste disposal prevents the breeding of disease vectors like mosquitoes and flies.
b) Landfilling and composting are eco-friendly when managed scientifically.

56. What is reuse strategy? Why it is considered better than recycling strategy? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Reuse strategy involves using an item again and again instead of throwing it away, such as refilling jam or pickle plastic jars.
2. It is considered better than recycling because recycling requires expenditure of energy to process materials into new items, whereas reuse consumes no additional energy.

Teacher's Note:
a) Reuse falls under the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) of sustainable resource management.
b) Energy conservation makes reuse environmentally superior to recycling.

57. What is a stakeholder? [1 Mark]

Answer:
1. A stakeholder is any person, group, or organization that has an interest, concern, or dependence on a particular resource or project, and is affected by its use or management.

Teacher's Note:
a) Stakeholders in natural resources include local inhabitants, industrialists, forest department, and wildlife enthusiasts.

58. Name the stakeholders who have their dependence on forests? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. People who live in or around forests and depend on forest produce for their daily livelihood.
2. The Forest Department of the Government which owns the land and controls forest resources.
3. Industrialists who use various forest products like timber, bamboo, and paper pulp.
4. Wildlife and nature enthusiasts who want to conserve nature in its pristine form.

Teacher's Note:
a) Different stakeholders have competing demands on forest resources.
b) Sustainable management requires balancing the needs of all four stakeholder groups.

59. There are certain NGOs which ask people to donate their used clothes, toys, school books, household items. These NGOs segregate the collected items and distribute them to the needy people. What objectives do these NGOs fulfill by these initiatives?
Name 4 substances that can be recycled. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Objectives fulfilled: Promoting the reuse of items, reducing waste generation, conserving resources, and helping underprivileged people.
2. Four substances that can be recycled: Paper, plastic, glass, and metal (like aluminum cans or iron scrap).

Teacher's Note:
a) This question combines the concept of social welfare with resource conservation.
b) Mentioning four distinct recyclable materials ensures full credit for the second part.
c) Recycling reduces the pressure on raw natural resources and minimizes environmental pollution.

60. What do you mean by the term sustainable development? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Sustainable development is a pattern of resource use that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
2. It encourages economic growth while preserving the quality of the environment and conserving natural resources.

Teacher's Note:
a) The concept balances developmental needs with environmental protection.
b) It prevents the overexploitation and depletion of non-renewable resources.

61. How does mining lead to pollution? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Air pollution: Mining activities generate massive amounts of dust and toxic gases that pollute the atmosphere.
2. Water and land pollution: Large amounts of slag and discarded toxic wastes are dumped, which pollute water bodies and render vast tracts of land barren.

Teacher's Note:
a) Mining extracts valuable minerals but causes severe ecological degradation.
b) Proper waste disposal and reclamation of mined areas are necessary to mitigate pollution.

62. Hydroelectric power is also an indirect form of solar energy. How? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. The sun's heat causes the evaporation of water from water bodies to form clouds, which eventually result in rainfall and replenish rivers.
2. The flowing water in rivers is harnessed to generate hydroelectric power, making it an indirect form of solar energy.

Teacher's Note:
a) The hydrological cycle is primarily driven by solar radiation.
b) Without solar energy, water would not evaporate and cycle back to higher elevations.

63. Write at least two ways by which people of ancient India managed water resources? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Construction of khadins, tanks, and nadis in arid regions like Rajasthan to harvest rainwater.
2. Building of ahars and pyndas in Bihar, or bandharas and tals in Maharashtra, for irrigation and drinking water.

Teacher's Note:
a) Traditional water harvesting systems were location-specific and community-managed.
b) These structures ensured an adequate supply of water throughout the year.

64. What will happen if loss of biodiversity occurs? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. It leads to the ecological instability and destruction of food chains and food webs in ecosystems.
2. It results in the loss of biological resources essential for human survival, medicine, and agriculture.

Teacher's Note:
a) Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms found in a particular region.
b) Protecting biodiversity is vital for maintaining ecological balance on Earth.

65. What strategies should be adopted such that forest products are used and the environment also does not get disturbed? [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Sustainable harvesting: Cutting trees in a controlled manner and ensuring timely afforestation.
2. Local participation: Involving local communities in forest protection and management, as seen in Arabari sal forest project.
3. Preventing overgrazing and commercial monoculture planting that harms native biodiversity.

Teacher's Note:
a) Forests must be managed as renewable resources rather than exploited blindly.
b) Involving local people ensures that their livelihood needs are met while conserving the environment.
c) Monoculture destroys ecological diversity and should be avoided in favor of mixed forests.

66. Besides conservation of wildlife and forest, suggest some ways which can improve our environment. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Reduce the use of fossil fuels and promote renewable energy sources like solar and wind power.
2. Implement proper waste management practices including segregation, recycling, and composting.
3. Minimize the use of single-use plastics and chemical fertilizers to prevent soil and water pollution.

Teacher's Note:
a) Environmental improvement requires active participation from every individual.
b) Shifting towards eco-friendly habits reduces our carbon footprint.
c) Public transport and tree planting in urban residential areas also significantly improve air quality.

67. What is watershed management? What is its aim and what are the benefits? [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Watershed management refers to the scientific conservation, development, and efficient management of water and soil resources in a watershed area.
2. Aim: To develop primary resources of land and water, produce secondary biomass, and mitigate droughts and floods.
3. Benefits: It increases biomass production, recharges groundwater levels, increases agricultural productivity, and ensures ecological balance.

Teacher's Note:
a) Watershed management emphasizes scientific soil and water conservation to increase biomass.
b) It brings social and economic benefits to local communities by improving water availability.
c) Check-dams constructed across streams stop rainwater runoff and prevent soil erosion.

68. What you can do as an individual to reduce consumption of various nature resources and help in environment conservation? [4 Marks]

Answer:
1. Save electricity by switching off unnecessary lights and fans, and using LED bulbs.
2. Save water by repairing leaking taps and turning off taps while brushing teeth.
3. Practice the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) by avoiding single-use plastics and reusing containers.
4. Use public transport, carpool, or walk/cycle short distances to conserve fossil fuels and reduce air pollution.

Teacher's Note:
a) Individual actions collectively create a massive positive impact on global resource conservation.
b) Small daily habits like paper conservation and planting trees contribute significantly to sustainable living.
c) Reducing resource consumption lowers greenhouse gas emissions and curbs climate change.
d) Environmental consciousness starts at home with mindful consumption patterns.