CBSE Class 12 Risk Containment Measures

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NCERT Book for Class 12 Other Subjects Risk Containment Measures

Class 12 Other Subjects students should refer to the following NCERT Book Risk Containment Measures in Class 12. This NCERT Book for Class 12 Other Subjects will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

Risk Containment Measures NCERT Book Class 12

 

Chapter 7 Risk Containment Measures

Learning Objectives:

After reading this chapter, you should be able:

1. To recall the knowledge related to capital adequacy requirements under various segments.

2. To classify among the various types of margins.

3. To acquire practical aspects related to margin system.

4. To apply the knowledge of exposure limits in the real life situation and trade accordingly.

Your guide engine to learning:

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Capital Adequacy Requirement

7.3 Base Minimum Capital (BMC) and Additional Base Capital (ABC)

7.4 Trading and Exposure Limits

7.4.1 Determination of Gross Exposure

7.4.2 Early Pay-in of Funds/Securities

7.4.3 On line Exposure Monitoring

7.4.4 Violation of Exposure Limits

7.5 Grouping of Securities

7.6 Margin Requirements

7.6.1 Value at Risk Margin

7.6.2 Mark to Market Margin

7.6.3 Extreme Loss Margin

7.6.4 Margin Payment and Payout

7.6.5 Margin Shortfall

7.7 Settlement Guarantee

7.8 Penalty Points and Penal Interest

7.9 Indemnity Insurance

7.10 Inspection and Investigation

7.11 Investor Protection Fund (IPF)

7.12 No-delivery Period


7.1 Introduction

As we have already discussed in the previous chapter that all the trades are settled by next two working days after the trading day. The obligations are downloaded by the members on time so that they make available the required funds and securities when required. On T+2 day, the funds and securities are paid in by 11:00 am by the members/CM to the NSCCL and the resources are paid out to the CM by the NSCCL at or after 1.30 pm.

The CC has also given the option of direct pay-out to investors, where in the CC credits the clients demat account with the securities that he is to receive. The details are furnished by the member of the respective client. In case the client has not paid fully to the member w.r.t the securities bought, the member can with hold the details of his account so that the member receives the securities in his pool account. In case of short deliveries, NSCCL buys securities on behalf of the defaulter from the auction market on T+3 day.

The auction market starts at 12 noon. From 12 noon to 12.30 pm, the initiator (i.e. NSCCL) puts the buy orders and the solicitors put the sell orders. Once the orders get matched, the CC buys the shares in order to settle the trade. In case the shares have still not been bought out, the CC compulsorily closes out the transaction by paying to the buyer for the shares not bought out.

To avoid such situations of default, the CC has put some statutory requirements with reference to capital adequacy and exposure limits. Since the CC doesn’t want to run into the risk of buying from the auction market or going for compulsory close outs, it has fixed certain norms. The capital adequacy requirements in case of NSE are much higher than the rest of the stock exchanges in India.

7.2 Capital Adequacy Requirement

To become a member of the stock exchange on NSE, one needs to have certain amount of funds as minimum net worth. They also have to give some amount as interest free deposit to the CC. The table below gives the details of capital adequacy requirements for membership under NSE.

 

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CBSE Class 12 Accounting for Business Cost Sheet
CBSE Class 12 An Introduction to Creativity
CBSE Class 12 Application of Computer in Library
CBSE Class 12 Banking Operations
CBSE Class 12 Business Process Outsourcing Part 1
CBSE Class 12 Business Process Outsourcing Part 2
CBSE Class 12 Clearing Reports Downloads
CBSE Class 12 Contents of Balance Sheet
CBSE Class 12 Economics Capital receipts
CBSE Class 12 Economics Consumers Equilibrium
CBSE Class 12 Economics Determination of Income
CBSE Class 12 Economics Evolution of Money
CBSE Class 12 Economics Features of Perfect Competition
CBSE Class 12 Economics Foriegn Exchange Rates
CBSE Class 12 Economics National Income
CBSE Class 12 Economics Producers Behaviour and Supply
CBSE Class 12 Economics Production Possibilities Curve
CBSE Class 12 Elements of Drama
CBSE Class 12 Elements of Fiction
CBSE Class 12 Engineering Bearings
CBSE Class 12 Engineering Isometric Projection
CBSE Class 12 Engineering Machine Drawing
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CBSE Class 12 Introduction to Article Writing
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CBSE Class 12 Learning How to Write the Short Story
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CBSE Class 12 Macroeconomics in Hindi Part 1
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CBSE Class 12 Macroeconomics in Hindi Part 3
CBSE Class 12 Macroeconomics in Hindi Part 4
CBSE Class 12 Modern Library and Information Services
CBSE Class 12 Modes of Theatrical Presentation
CBSE Class 12 Operations of Depository
CBSE Class 12 Order and Trade Management
CBSE Class 12 Philosophy Of Education
CBSE Class 12 Philosophy Education For Character Development
CBSE Class 12 Physics Lens and Mirror
CBSE Class 12 Practical Handbook BPO Manual
CBSE Class 12 Problems of Translation
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CBSE Class 12 Understanding the Rolling Settlement
CBSE Class 12 Web Based Search
CBSE Class 12 Writing Essays
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