CBSE Class 10 Biology Life Processes Worksheet Set H

Multiple Choice Questions

Question. Which part of alimentary canal receives bile from the liver?
(a) Stomach
(b) Small intestine
(c) Large intestine
(d) Oesophagus
Answer: (b)

Question. In which part of alimentary canal food is finally digested?
(a) Stomach
(b) Mouth cavity
(c) Large intestine
(d) Small intestine
Answer: (d)

Question. The pancreatic juice does not contain one of the following enzymes.
(a) Trypsin
(b) Amylase
(c) Lipase
(d) Ptyalin
Answer: (d)

Question. The pancreas pour the secretions into the:
(a) Small intestine
(b) Large intestine
(c) Stomach
(d) Duodenum
Answer: (d)

Question. The kidneys in human beings are a part of the system for:
(a) Nutrition
(b) Respiration
(c) Excretion
(d) Transportation
Answer: (c)

Question. The opening and closing of stomatal pores depends upon:
(a) Oxygen
(b) Water in guard cells
(c) Concentration of carbon dioxide in stomata
(d) Temperature
Answer: (b)

Question. In which of the following vertebrate groups heart does not pump oxygenated blood to different parts of the body?
(a) Pisces and amphibians
(b) Amphibians and reptiles
(c) Amphibians only
(d) Pisces only
Answer: (d)

Question. During deficiency of oxygen in tissues of human beings pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid in:
(a) Cytoplasm
(b) Chloroplast
(c) Mitochondria
(d) Golgi body
Answer: (a)

Question. Excess glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in the:
(a) Villi
(b) Liver
(c) Blood
(d) Lymph
Answer: (b)

Question. The correct path of urine flow in our body is:
(a) Kidney → Ureter → Urethra → Urinary bladder
(b) Kidney → Urinary bladder → Urethra → Ureter
(c) Kidney → Ureter → Urinary bladder → Urethra
(d) Urinary bladder → Kidney → Ureter → Urethra
Answer: (c)

Question. Match the following
Column I
(a) Trypsin
(b) Amylase
(c) Bile
(d) Pepsin

Column II
(i) Liver
(ii) Gastric glands
(iii) Pancreas
(iv) Saliva
Answer: (a) (iii), (b) (iv), (c) (i), (d) (ii).

Question. Fill in the blanks
(a) Bowman's capsule and tubule taken together make a ............................... .
(b) The organs which extract the nitrogenous wastes from the blood are ............................... .
(c) The process in plants which converts light energy into chemical energy ............................... .
Answer: (a) Nephron, (b) Kidneys, (c) Photosynthesis

Very Short Answers Type Questions

Question. In the experimental set up to show that " \( \text{CO}_2 \) is given out during respiration", name the substance taken in the small test tube kept in the conical flask. State its function and the consequence of its use.
Answer: The chemical kept in the test tube is KOH—Potassium Hydroxide. The function of this chemical is to absorb the vapours of \( \text{CO}_2 \).
Consequence: The water level rises in the test tube dipped in beaker and partial vacuum is created.

Question. How is \( \text{O}_2 \) and \( \text{CO}_2 \) transported in human beings?
Answer: Oxygenated blood containing oxygen \( (\text{O}_2) \) content is transported in human beings by the arteries or by haemoglobin of red blood corpuscles. The deoxygenated blood containing carbon-dioxide \( (\text{CO}_2) \) content is carried by the veins or by plasma of the blood.

Question. List four precautions which a student should observe while preparing a temporary mount of a leaf peel to show stomata in his school laboratory. OR List the steps of preparation of temporary mount of a leaf peel to observe stomata.
Answer: Topper's Answers:
1. Take out a leaf peel from surface of leaf.
2. Place it in petridish after cutting into pieces.
3. Add some water & safranin (stain) in petridish.
4. After some time using brush take out the peel & place in the slide using blotting paper to drain excess stain.
5. Add a drop of glycerol & carefully place a coverslip to prevent air bubbles.

Question. Name the raw materials needed by green plants for photosynthesis?
Answer: Carbon dioxide and water are the raw materials needed by green plants for photo-synthesis.

Question. Give the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
Answer: \( 6\text{CO}_2 + 12\text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow[\text{Chlorophyll}]{\text{Sunlight}} \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} \)

Question. Give the energy transformation that takes place in the process of photosynthesis?
Answer: During the process of photosynthesis, solar energy is converted into chemical energy.

Question. How can we destarch a plant?
Answer: A plant can be destarched by placing it in dark for 24–48 hours.

Question. What are the end products of aerobic respiration?
Answer: The end products of aerobic respiration are carbon dioxide and water.

Question. Why is energy required by an organism even during sleep?
Answer: Even though an organism is asleep, various biological activities like respiration, circulation, digestion etc., occurs in the body which needs energy.

Question. The pharynx leads to trachea as well as to the oesophagus. The two openings lie very close to each other. Yet the food we swallow does not normally go to trachea. Why?
Answer: The opening of trachea is guarded by a muscular flap like structure called epiglottis. When we swallow our food it closes the opening of trachea thus food goes into oesophagus and not to trachea.

Question. Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds?
Answer: Mammals and birds are warm blooded animals so they need to maintain their constant body temperature and they need more energy to maintain their body temperature. The separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood allows highly efficient supply of oxygen to the body thus they get more energy which helps them in maintaining their body temperature.

Question. Why does our blood look red?
Answer: Blood contains haemoglobin which is an oxygen carrying pigment that makes the blood look red.

Short Answers Type Questions

Question. (a) State the role played by the following in the process of digestion.
(i) Enzyme trypsin
(ii) Enzyme lipase
(b) List two functions of finger like projections present in the small intestine.
Answer: (a) (i) Trypsin is an enzyme that helps in the digestion of proteins. In the small intestine, trypsin breaks down proteins, continuing the process of digestion that began in the stomach. It may also be referred to as a proteolytic enzyme, or proteinase. Trypsin is produced by the pancreas in an inactive form called trypsinogen. The trypsinogen enters the small intestine through the common bile duct and is converted into active trypsin. This active trypsin acts with the other two principal digestive proteinases namely pepsin and chymotrypsin, to breakdown dietary protein into peptides and amino acids. These amino acids are essential for muscle growth, hormone production and other important bodily functions.
(ii) Lipase enzyme breaks down dietary fats into smaller molecules known as glycerol and fatty acids. A little quantity of lipase, known as gastric lipase is produced by the cells of the stomach. This enzyme mainly digests fat present in the food. The pancreas is the primary source of lipase in the digestive tract, which produces pancreatic lipase which acts in the small intestine. The bile produced in the liver and liberated in the intestine transform dietary fat to smaller fat globules. Pancreatic lipase acts on these fat globules and converts them into glycerol and fatty acids that are small, energy molecules. Glycerol and fatty acids move in blood and lymph vessels to move in every part of the body.
(b) The inner surface of the small intestine has numerous finger-like projections called villi which increase the surface area for rapid absorption of digested food. The digested food which is absorbed through the walls of the small intestine goes into our blood.

Question. List in tabular form three distinguishing features between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition.
Answer:

Question. What is transpiration? List its two functions.
Answer: The evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant is called transpiration.
Functions of transpiration:
(a) It helps in the upward movement of water and minerals from root to the leaves through the stem and in the absorption.
(b) Helps in cooling the plant surface.

Question. (a) What is translocation? Why is it essential for plants?
(b) Where do the substances in plants reach as a result of translocation?
Answer: (a) The transport of food from leaves to other parts of the plant is called translocation. Translocation is essential for plants because without it food prepared by the leaves cannot reach other parts of the plant for their growth and development.
(b) The substances in plants reach to other tissues in plants from the leaves, fruits, seeds and other growing organs as a result of translocation.

Question. List two types of the transport system in human beings and write the functions of any one of these.
Answer: Lymphatic system and blood circulatory system are two types of the transport system in human beings.
Functions of blood circulatory system:
(a) It carries nutrients and oxygen to all cells in the body.
(b) Removes \( \text{CO}_2 \) from the body cells.
(c) It carries digested food from the small intestine to other parts of the body.
(d) It carries hormones from endocrine glands to different organs of the body.

Question. Write two different ways in which glucose is oxidized to provide energy in human body. Write the products formed in each case.
Answer: Glucose is oxidised in two forms to provide energy to the body:
(a) \( \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 \xrightarrow{\text{In Cytoplasm}} \text{Pyruvate} \xrightarrow{\text{Presence of oxygen}} \text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} + 38 \text{ ATP (Energy)} \). This is an example of aerobic respiration that happens in presence of oxygen.
(b) \( \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 \xrightarrow{\text{In Cytoplasm}} \text{Pyruvate} \xrightarrow{\text{Absence of oxygen}} \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH (Ethanol)} + \text{CO}_2 + 2 \text{ ATP (Energy)} \). This is an example of anaerobic respiration.

Question. Write three types of blood vessels. Give one important feature of each.
Answer: The three types of blood vessels are:
(a) Arteries: They carry oxygenated blood from the heart and transport it to organs.
(b) Veins: They carry deoxygenated blood from organs and take this blood to the heart.
(c) Capillaries: Arteries and veins divide to form arterioles and venules. The nutrients, hormones and gases can diffuse into the tissue cells through the walls of capillaries and vice-versa.

Question. Define the term transpiration. Design an experiment of demonstrate this process.
Answer: Loss of excess water from the leaves of plants with the help of stomata is called as transpiration.
Transpiration Experiment:
Material Required: A potted plant, A polythene, Tape.
(a) Take a potted plant and enclose the leaves of the plant with a big plastic or polythene bag.
(b) Now keep the plant in sunlight for two hours.
(c) After sometime you will observe the water droplets on the polythene sheet.
(d) It depicts the loss of water from the leaves of the plant depicting transpiration.

Question. List in tabular form three differences between blood and lymph.
Answer:

Question. Name the following:
(a) Mode of nutrition of the cuscuta plant.
(b) First form of food substance produced during photosynthesis.
(c) Organisms which live on or inside the body of another organism and depend on it for food.
(d) Small openings present on leaf surface.
Answer: (a) Parasitic mode of nutrition, (b) Glucose, (c) Parasites, (d) Stomata

Question. Why is diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of multicellular organisms like humans?
Answer: Unicellular organisms have only one cell and they do not have any specific organs for diffusion of gases. The cell itself is in direct contact with the environment so they can get oxygen easily by simple diffusion process. But in multicellular organisms large number of cells, tissues and organs are present which are not in direct contact with the environment. So, the requirement of oxygen by each and every cells cannot be fulfilled by simple diffusion process quickly. It has been estimated that in human beings a period of three years is needed to carry a molecule of oxygen from head to toe, if oxygen moves from one cell to another through diffusion process.

Question. What criteria do we use to decide whether something is alive?
Answer: The following criteria decides whether something is alive:
(a) Movement and growth: All living organisms show movement like running, walking. They also show growth. They require energy for cell repair and replacement.
(b) Nutrition: They require food to derive energy in order to carry out their metabolic activities.
(c) Respiration: They inhale oxygen to break down glucose to release energy. During this process they exhale carbon dioxide.
(d) Reproduction: They reproduce to give birth to their new ones.
(e) Excretion: They eliminate waste products in the form of urine, faeces, etc., from their body.

Question. What are outside raw materials used by an organism?
Answer: The important outside raw materials used by an organism are:
(a) Carbon dioxide, water and mineral nutrients are needed by autotrophic plants.
(b) Organic nutrients are required by heterotrophic organisms.
(c) Oxygen is used for respiration by both autotrophs and heterotrophs for oxidation of glucose to release chemical energy in form of ATP.

Question. What would happen if green plants disappear from earth?
Answer: Green plants are autotrophs i.e., they prepare their own food. All herbivores and carnivores depend directly or indirectly on green plants for their food. Herbivores directly eat plants and if green plants would not be there, they will die of starvation. Similarly, carnivores eat herbivores, if herbivores will die so naturally carnivores will also die. Green plants release oxygen to atmosphere by photosynthesis which is a life supporting gas. So, in short we can say, without green plants there may not be any chance for existence of living things.

Question. How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this process take place?
Answer: The complete digestion of fats occurs in small intestine. Bile juice secreted by liver acts upon large fats to convert them into small globules by the process of emulsification. Lipase enzyme secreted by pancreas acts upon lipids to convert them into fatty acids and glycerol.

Question. Draw a well labelled diagram of: (a) Chloroplast, (b) Open and closed stomata.
Answer: [Standard biological diagrams of chloroplast showing outer membrane, granum, lumen, thylakoids, inner membrane, and stroma. Stomata diagram showing guard cells (swollen/shrunken), vacuoles, chloroplasts, cell wall, and nucleus for both open and closed states.]

Question. What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Name some organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration?
Answer:

Some organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration are yeast, some bacteria, some parasitic worms, etc.

Question. What are the differences between transport of materials between xylem and phloem?
Answer:

Question. Draw the structure of human excretory system labelling the following:
(a) The structures in which urine is formed.
(b) Structures in which urine is stored.
(c) The blood vessel supplying oxygenated blood to kidneys.
(d) The structure through which urine passes out from the body.
Answer: (a) Kidneys, (b) Urinary bladder, (c) Renal artery, (d) Urethra. [Labels on diagram point to these specific anatomical structures].

Question. Draw a labelled diagram of the experimental set up for the study of liberation of carbon dioxide gas during respiration.
Answer: [Diagram showing a conical flask with germinating seeds, a small test tube containing KOH (which absorbs CO2), a delivery tube leading to a beaker of coloured water, and showing the rise of water level indicating partial vacuum].

Long Answers Type Questions

Question. (a) Write the correct sequence of steps followed during journey of oxygen rich blood from lungs to various organs of human body.
(b) What happens when the system of blood vessels develop a leak?
Answer: (a) (i) Oxygenated blood from lungs enters through the pulmonary vein into left atrium.
(ii) The left atrium relaxes while collecting the oxygenated blood. Then the left atrium contract and the blood goes into left ventricle.
(iii) The left ventricle relaxes while receiving the oxygenated blood then it contracts and the blood flows into different organs and parts of the body.
(iv) The deoxygenated blood from different parts of the body enters the right atrium through superior and inferior vena cava.
(v) The right atrium contract and the blood flows into right ventricle.
(vi) The right ventricle relaxes while receiving the deoxygenated blood then it contracts and the blood flows into lungs for oxygenation through pulmonary artery.
(b) Leakage would lead to a loss of pressure which would reduce the efficiency of the pumping system. To avoid this, the blood has platelet cells which circulate around the body and plug these leaks by helping to clot the blood at these points of injury.

Question. (a) Mention any two components of blood.
(b) Trace the movement of oxygenated blood in the body.
(c) Write the function of valves present in between atria and ventricles.
(d) Write one structural difference between the composition of artery and veins.
Answer: (a) Red blood cells and white blood cells are the components of blood.
(b) The oxygenated blood goes into the left atrium from there it goes to the left ventricle and then to all the body organs.
(c) Valves prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atrium.
(d) Walls of arteries are thick and they carry oxygenated blood whereas walls of vein are thin and they carry deoxygenated blood.

Question. (a) Define excretion.
(b) Name the basic filtration unit present in the kidney.
(c) Draw excretory system in human beings and label the following organs of excretory system which perform the following functions:
(i) forms urine.
(ii) is a long tube which collects urine from kidney.
(iii) Store urine until it is passed out.
Answer: (a) Excretion is the biological process of removal of harmful nitrogenous wastes like urea, uric acid etc from our body which are produced as by product of chemical reactions taking place inside our body.
(b) 'Nephron' is the basic filtration unit present in kidney.
(c) [Transcribed Diagram Labels]: Right Kidney, Left Kidney, Right Ureter, Left Ureter, Urinary Bladder, Urethra. Function (i) Kidney, (ii) Ureter, (iii) Urinary Bladder.

Question. Explain the mechanism of photosynthesis.
Answer: Photosynthesis is the biological process in which autotrophs prepare their own food. The process of photosynthesis occurs in two phases–Photochemical phase and Biosynthetic phase.
The overall photosynthesis process can be represented in the form of a chemical reaction as:
\( 6\text{CO}_2 + 12\text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow[\text{chlorophyll}]{\text{Sunlight}} \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} \).
(a) Photochemical phase or Light dependent phase: It occurs in thylakoid or grana of chloroplast. Chlorophyll molecules absorb sunlight energy which leads to photolysis of water molecule. The hydrogen produced due to splitting of water is carried by NADP forming NADPH. Oxygen is produced as byproduct during this phase.
(b) Biosynthetic phase or Light independent phase: It occurs in stroma of chloroplast. This phase does not require light. Here carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using energy molecule ATP and NADPH.

Question. Explain the digestion process in human beings.
Answer: Carbohydrates, proteins and fats present in food are digested in different parts of the alimentary canal as follows:
(a) Mouth: Salivary glands are present in mouth which secretes saliva that contains the enzyme salivary amylase or ptyalin. Ptyalin acts upon starch to convert into maltose.
Starch + Salivary amylase → Maltose
(b) Oesophagus: No digestion occurs in this part. Only food in form of bolus passes through it by peristalsis to reach the stomach.
(c) Stomach: Gastric glands present in stomach secrete pepsin which is a protein digestive enzyme.
Proteins + Pepsin → Peptones and Proteoses
(d) Small intestine: It receives bile juice from liver, pancreatic juice from pancreas and intestinal juice secreted by intestine. Bile helps in emulsification of fats so that lipase enzyme can easily acts upon fats to convert into fatty acids and glycerol.
Bile → Emulsified fats + Lipase → Fatty acids + Glycerol
Trypsin found in pancreatic juice acts upon peptones and proteoses and converts to peptides.
Trypsin + Peptones → Peptides
The complete digestion of carbohydrates to glucose, proteins to amino acids and lipids to fatty acids and glycerol is done by intestinal juice in small intestine.
(e) Large intestine: It receives the undigested and unabsorbed food from small intestine. Most of the water is absorbed here and the remaining is converted into a semi-solid waste material called faecus. The faecal matter is stored in rectum and is removed through anus from time to time.

Question. How are water and minerals transported in plants?
Answer: Water and minerals are transported in plants by xylem. Water containing minerals is called sap which is carried by xylem vessels to all parts of the plant from the roots. Root hairs absorb water from the soil by the process of osmosis whereas mineral salts are absorbed from the soil by the process of active transport. Water and minerals absorbed by the root hairs passes from cell to cell through epidermis, root cortex, endodermis and root xylem. The xylem vessels of the root of the plant are connected to xylem vessels of the stem so water passes from root to stem and finally to leaves. Water is used up for photosynthesis and some of water is also lost through leaves by the process of transpiration. The pressure at the xylem vessels of leaves is reduced due to transpiration so it creates a suction force and water rises from xylem vessels of stems and roots thus forming a continuous flow of water and mineral salts.

Question. Describe the process of urine formation in kidneys.
Answer: Urine formation occurs in three steps : (a) Ultrafiltration : Blood containing nitrogenous wastes flows with a great pressure through glomerulus. The liquid portion of the blood gets filtered through glomerulus and collects in the Bowman’s capsule which is called glomerular filtrate. This process is called ultrafiltration. (b) Selective reabsorption : The glomerular filtrate contains a lot of useful substances like glucose, water, salts etc., which gets selectively reabsorbed by different parts of renal tubule. This process is called selective reabsorption. (c) Tubular secretion : Distal convoluted tubule part of nephron secretes some harmful substances like salts, antibiotics like penicillin etc., to the forming urine which is called tubular secretion. The formed urine is then received by collecting ducts which pours into the pelvis of kidney.

Question. Describe the structure and functioning of nephrons ?
Answer: Structure of nephron : Nephron is the structural and functional unit of life. It has the following parts : (a) Bowman’s capsule : It is a thin walled cup like structure which contains a knot like mass of blood capillaries called glomerulus. Both Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus are together called malpighian capsule. (b) Proximal convoluted tubule : It is a convoluted region found near Bowman’s capsule. (c) Loop of Henle : It lies next to proximal convoluted tubule which is U shaped structure. (d) Distal convoluted tubule : It is the end part of the nephron which opens to collecting duct. Functions of nephron : The formation of urine occurs in three steps : (a) Ultrafiltration : Blood flows under high pressure in glomerulus and the liquid portion of the blood filter out from glomerulus and passes to the cup shaped cavity of Bowman’s capsule and this process is called ultrafiltration. (b) Selective reabsorption : It is the process of selective absorption of useful substances like glucose, water, some salts etc., from glomerular filtrate which is obtained from ultrafiltration by different parts of nephron. (c) Tubular secretion : Some harmful substances like chemicals, drugs like penicillin, potassium ions etc., are released by renal tubule to the forming urine called tubular secretion.

Nutrition in Amoeba

Question. Explain the nutrition process in amoeba.
Answer: Amoeba follows holozoic nutrition. It involves the following steps : (a) Ingestion : Amoeba engulfs the food by using its temporary finger like projections called pseudopodia. This process is called ingestion. (b) By phagocytosis process it engulfs its food. (c) Digestion : The food which is taken inside the amoeba forms a food vacuole. Many enzymes are secreted into the food vacuole and the complex food molecule is converted into simple and diffusible form. (d) Absorption and assimilation : The digested food is absorbed by the cell by diffusion process. (e) Egestion : The undigested residue which remains in vacuole is expelled out.

Respiration and Glucose Breakdown

Question. Describe the three pathways of break down of glucose.
Answer: Glucose is break down to release energy in presence of oxygen as well as in absence of oxygen. (a) Aerobic respiration : Here glucose is completely oxidized in presence of excess supply of oxygen. In human beings glucose is first break down to pyruvic acid in cytoplasm by the process of glycolysis releasing only 2 ATP molecules. Then pyruvate in mitochondria by Kreb’s cycle process completely break down to release carbon dioxide and water. Total 38 molecules of ATP are released during this process. (b) Anaerobic respiration : It takes place in absence of oxygen. Pyruvate gets converted to lactic acid and carbon dioxide under anaerobic conditions mainly in muscles cells during strenuous exercise. In yeast pyruvate gets converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide by the process of fermentation. Pathway Summary: Glucose (6-carbon molecule) \( C_6H_{12}O_6 \) in cytoplasm \(\rightarrow\) Pyruvate (3-carbon molecule) \( CH_3COOH \) + Energy. 1. Absence of oxygen (in yeast) \(\rightarrow\) Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + Energy \( (C_2H_5OH) + (CO_2) \). 2. Lack of oxygen (in our muscle cells) \(\rightarrow\) Lactic acid + Energy \( (C_3H_6O_3) \). 3. Presence of oxygen (in mitochondria) \(\rightarrow\) Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy \( (CO_2) \).

Assertion and Reasoning Based Questions

Directions : In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as : (a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. (b) If both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. (c) If assertion is true, but reason is false. (d) If assertion is false but reason is true.

Question. Assertion : Left atrium possesses the thickest muscles.
Reason : Left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true, but reason is false.
(d) If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: (d)

Question. Assertion : The rate of photosynthesis will be lowered if the leaves are coated with oil.
Reason : Stomata get’s blocked and thus gaseous exchange is affected.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true, but reason is false.
(d) If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: (a)

Question. Assertion : Doctors can tell by counting the pulse rate and listening to heart beats whether a person is well or not.
Reason : Pulse rate and heart beats change according to the condition of our heart.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true, but reason is false.
(d) If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: (a)

Question. Assertion : Urinary bladder and ureters are lined by transitional epithelium.
Reason : Ureters carry the urine to urinary bladder where it is stored temporarily.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true, but reason is false.
(d) If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: (b)

Question. Assertion : The effect of root pressure in transport of water is more important at night.
Reason : During day, stomata is open, transpiration takes place which help in transport of water.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true, but reason is false.
(d) If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer: (a)

Case Study Based Questions

When we are injured and start bleeding, the loss of blood from the system has to be minimised. In addition, leakage would lead to a loss of pressure which would reduce the efficiency of the pumping system.

Question. Which of the following cells present in blood help in clotting of blood at the point of injury?
(a) R.B.C
(b) W.B.C
(c) Platelets
(d) Mucus cells
Answer: (c)

Question. What is the correct representation of normal blood pressure of a human being?
(a) 180/20 mm of Hg
(b) 120/80 mm of Hg
(c) 80/120 mm of Hg
(d) 20/180 mm of Hg
Answer: (b)

Question. Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood in mammals and birds?
(a) Mixing of blood would lead to clotting.
(b) For efficient supply of oxygen and to maintain body temperature.
(c) Birds need more blood for flying.
(d) None of these
Answer: (b)

Question. Choose the correct option with respect to blood circulatory system in humans.
(a) A-Veins, B-Pulmonary artery, C-Pulmonary vein
(b) A-Vena cava, B-Pulmonary vein, C-Pulmonary artery
(c) A-Vena cava, B-Pulmonary artery, C-Pulmonary vein
(d) A-Veins, B-Pulmonary vein, C-Pulmonary artery
Answer: (c)

Question. Which of the chamber of heart muscles are thick?
(a) Ventricles
(b) Atrium
(c) Septum
(d) Right atrium only
Answer: (a)

General Biology Questions

Question. Ravi was diagnosed with kidney failure. He was advised to undergo dialysis for twice in a week. After undergoing dialysis for a month he was unable to continue the treatment as it is very painful. What alternative treatment solution can you suggest for Ravi other than dialysis.
Answer: A person diagnosed with kidney failure can undergo kidney transplantation other than dialysis. It is the transplant of a kidney into a patient with end-stage renal disease. A healthy donor can donate his or her kidney to the patient via surgery.

Question. If a person has a systolic pressure of 140 mm of Hg and the pulse pressure is 40 mm of Hg. Solve it with the help of this information and find out the diastolic pressure.
Answer: We know that pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure. So, let us take diastole pressure as X. Systole pressure – Diastole pressure = Pulse pressure \( 140 – X = 40 \) So, \( X = 140 – 40 = 100 \text{ mm of Hg} \).

Question. Create a correct pathway taken by urine in our body ?
Answer: Kidney \(\rightarrow\) Ureter \(\rightarrow\) Urinary bladder \(\rightarrow\) Urethra.