CBSE Class 10 Science Carbon And Its Compounds Worksheet Set C

Read and download free pdf of CBSE Class 10 Science Carbon And Its Compounds Worksheet Set C. Students and teachers of Class 10 Science can get free printable Worksheets for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds in PDF format prepared as per the latest syllabus and examination pattern in your schools. Class 10 students should practice questions and answers given here for Science in Class 10 which will help them to improve your knowledge of all important chapters and its topics. Students should also download free pdf of Class 10 Science Worksheets prepared by school teachers as per the latest NCERT, CBSE, KVS books and syllabus issued this academic year and solve important problems with solutions on daily basis to get more score in school exams and tests

Worksheet for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds

Class 10 Science students should refer to the following printable worksheet in Pdf for Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds in Class 10. This test paper with questions and answers for Class 10 will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

Class 10 Science Worksheet for Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds

Question. Bromine reacts with saturated hydrocarbon at room temperature in the
(a) absence of sunlight
(b) presence of water
(c) presence of sunlight
(d) presence of hydrochloric acid
Answer : C

Question. The upper and lower homologue of C2H5OH are respectively
(a) methyl alcohol and butyl alcohol
(b) ethyl alcohol and propyl alcohol
(c) butyl alcohol and propyl alcohol
(d) propyl alcohol and methyl alcohol
Answer : D

Very Short Answer Questions

Question. What is a hydrocarbon?
Answer : It is a compound of hydrogen and carbon.

Question. Name two types of hydrocarbon.
Answer : Hydrocarbon – Saturated and unsaturated.

Question. What is catenation?
Answer : Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with the other atoms of carbon which gives rise to large molecules. This property of self linking is called catenation.

Question. Why covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points?
Answer : As the bond is formed by sharing of electrons between two atoms. Intermolecular forces are small between the covalent compounds. These bonds break easily.

Question. Define catalyst.
Answer : Catalyst are substances that cause a reaction with a change in rate of reaction, without itself undergoing any change.
Example: Micelle acts as a catalyst to convert unsaturated hydrocarbon into saturated hydrocarbon.

Question. Give the full form of IUPAC.
Answer :
 IUPAC → International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

Question. How can we convert CH3CH2OH into C2H4 ?
Answer :
 By adding conc. sulphuric acid into it which acts as dehydrating agent and removes water from it.

Question. What is the melting point of acetic acid?
Answer : M.P. = 290 K.

Question. How can you convert ethene into ethane?
Answer :
 By adding hydrogen to ethene in the presence of a catalyst.

Question. What is esterification reaction?
Answer :
 The reaction in which alcohol reacts with carboxylic acid to produce a new compound called ester is called esterification.

Question. What is isomerism?
Answer :
 A property in which a compound can exist in different structural formula but its molecular formula remains the same.

Question. What is hydrophilic?
Answer :
 The substance showing attraction towards water is called hydrophilic.

Question. ‘‘Saturated hydrocarbons burn with a blue flame while unsaturated hydrocarbons burn with a sooty flame’’. Why?
Answer. An unsaturated hydrocarbon has high concentration of carbon, which does not get oxidised by the atmospheric oxygen. Thus, unburnt carbon appears in the form of soot and hence the flame is sooty.

Question. Write the next higher homologue of the following : (i) C3H6 (ii) C5H8
Answer. (i) C4H8 (ii) C6H10

Question. Write the name and structure of an aldehyde with 4 carbon atoms.
Answer. C3H7 CHO (Butanal)
CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound

Question. Draw the electron dot structure of ethane (C2H6).
Answer. 
CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound

Question. Draw the structure of pentanal (C4H9CHO).
Answer.
CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound

Question. Name the functional group present in each of the following compounds.

CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound

Answer. C3H7OH — Alcoholic group

CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound
 

Question. Draw the structure of ethene molecule (C2H4).
Answer.

CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound
 

Question. (a) Name the functional group present in propanal (C3H6O).
Answer. Aldehyde group

(b) Name the fourth (4th) member of alkene series.
Answer. Pentene

Question. (a) Name the type of reaction represented by the following equation :
CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound

Answer. Esterification

(b) Draw the structure of ethanol molecule.
Answer.
CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound

Question. Why is the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid considered an oxidation reaction?
Answer. Conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid is considered an oxidation reaction since it involves:
(i) addition of oxygen to the ethanol molecule
(ii) removal of hydrogen from the ethanol molecule.

Question. (a) Draw the structure of the simplest ketone.
Answer.
CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound

Question.(b) Draw the structure of CH3COOH molecule.
Answer.
CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound

Question. (a) Name the compound formed when ethanol is warmed with ethanoic acid in the presence of few drops of concentrated. H2SO4.
Answer. Ethyl ethanoate (an ester)

Question.(b) Write a chemical equation to represent the reaction of ethanol with acidified solution of potassium dichromate.
Answer.
CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound

Question. (a) What happens when a small piece of sodium is dropped into ethanol?
Answer. Sodium reacts with ethanol to form sodium ethoxide and liberates hydrogen gas.

CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound

Answer. Acetone or propanone

Question. Why does carbon form compounds mainly by covalent bonding?
Answer. Carbon has four valence electrons. Thus, it is not in a position to donate/accept four electrons so as to acquire a stable neon gas like structure. Thus, in order to enter into a chemical reaction,it shares its valence electrons with other elements.

Question. (a) What would be observed on adding a 50% solution of alkaline potassium permanganate drop by drop to some warm ethanol taken in a test tube?
(b) Write the name of the compound formed during the chemical reaction.
Answer. (a) The pink colour of potassium permanganate would be discharged.
(b) Ethanoic acid.

Question. (a) How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid on the basis of a chemical property?
Answer. Ethanol does not react with sodium carbonate. However, carboxylic acid reacts with sodium carbonate with the liberation of carbon dioxide gas which turns limewater milky.

(b) Name the gas evolved when ethanoic acid is added to sodium carbonate. How would you prove the presence of this gas?
Answer. Carbon dioxide gas.
The gas when passed through limewater turns the limewater milky.

Question. What is a functional group in a carbon compound. Identify the functional group present in CH3COOH and C2H5OH.
Answer. An atom or a group of atoms which gives the same characteristic properties to a compound is called a functional group.
Functional group in : CH3COOH — Carboxylic acid group
C2H5OH — Alcoholic group

Question. (a) name the compound CH3CH2OH and identify its functional group.
Answer. Ethyl alcohol
Alcoholic group.

(b) What is the difference in the molecular formula of any two consecutive members of a homologous series of organic compounds?
Answer. CH2

Question. Why are covalent compounds generally poor conductors of electricity?
Answer. Covalent compounds are formed by the sharing of valence electrons. As such they do not have cations or anions which could migrate to the opposite poles of an electrolytic cell. Thus, they do not conduct electric current.

Question. Write the names of the functional groups in :
CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound

Answer. (i) Ketonic group (ii) Aldehydic group

Short Answer Questions

Question. What is an homologous series? Explain with an example.
Answer :
 A homologous series is a series of carbon compounds that have different numbers of carbon atoms but contain the same functional group.

Example of homologous series
Alkane series CnH2n + 2
CH4 Methane, C2H6 Ethane
C3H8 Propane, C4H10 Butane C5H12 Pentane
 
It can be noticed that there is a difference of −CH2 unit between each successive compound.
 
Question. How can ethanol and ethanoic acid be differentiated on the basis of their physical and chemical properties?
Answer :
Distinction based on physical properties
1. Smell Ethanoic acid has a pungent smell. Ethanol has a pleasant smell.
2. Melting point Ethanol has lower melting point (150 K) than ethanoic acid (290 K).
3. Physical state Ethanoic acid is solid (glacial acetic acid) in winters but ethanol is always a liquid.
 
II. Distriction based on chemical properties
(i) Action with sodium hydrogen carbonate: On adding a small amount of sodium hydrogen carbonate to ethanoic acid, carbon dioxide gas is evolved with brisk effervescence. However, no such reaction noticed in case of ethanol.
10th CHEMISTRY 17-07-2021 1
(ii) Action with caustic alkalies Ethanoic acids reacts with both sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) to form corresponding salt and water. Ethanol fails to react with either of these.
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Question. Why does micelle formation take place when soap is added to water? Will a micelle be formed in other solvents such as ethanol also?
Answer : A soap is a sodium or potassium salt of long chain fatty acids. It has one polar end and one non-polar end. The polar end is hydrophilic in nature i.e., this end is attracted towards water. The non-polar end is hydrophobic but lyophilic, i.e., it is attracted towards hydrocarbons. When soap is added to water, soap molecules arrange themselves in a cluster to keep the non- polar portion out of water such that the non-polar ends are in the interior of the cluster and the polar ends are on the surface of the cluster. Since the dirt present on clothes is organic in nature and insoluble in water, the hydrophobic ends of the clusters attach themselves to the dirt. This cluster formation in which the dirt is entrapped is the micelle. Micelle formation does not occur in alcohol because the alkyl chain of soap becomes soluble in alcohol.
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Question. Why are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications?
Answer : Carbon burns in oxygen (air) to form carbon dioxide and water.
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During this reaction a large amount of heat and light are released. Further, once ignited carbon and its compounds keep on burning without the requirement of additional energy. Hence, they are used as fuels.
 
Question. Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap.
Answer : Soap does not work properly when the water is hard. A soap is a sodium or potassium salt of long chain fatty acids. Hard water contains salts of calcium and magnesium. When soap is added to hard water, calcium and magnesium ions present in water displace sodium or potassium ions from the soap molecules forming an insoluble substance called scum. A lot of soap is wasted in the process.
 
Reaction taking place are shown below.
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Question. What change will you observe if you test soap with litmus paper (red and blue)?
Answer : Since soap is basic in nature, it will turn red litmus blue. However, the colour of blue litmus will remain blue.
 
Question. What is hydrogenation? What is its industrial application?
Answer : Hydrogenation is the process of addition of hydrogen. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are added with hydrogen in the presence of palladium and nickel catalysts to give saturated hydrocarbons.
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This reaction is applied in the hydrogenation of vegetables oils, which contain long chains of unsaturated carbons.

Question : The by-product in soap industry is: 

a. Glycerol
b. Isoprene
c. Ethylene glycol
d. Butane
Answer : A 
Explanation: Glycerol Is a colourless, sweet, viscous liquid formed as a byproduct in soap manufacture. It is used as an emollient and laxative, and for making explosives and antifreeze. The main product is soap.
Fat or Oil + Alkali →Soap + Glycerol 
 
Question : Which of the following is used for antifreeze mixture? 
a. C2H5OH
b. CH3OH
c. HCHO
d. CH3COOH
Answer : A 
Explanation: Ethanol ( C2H5OH) is used for antifreeze mixture. Antifreeze is an additive which lowers the freezing point of a water-based liquid. At room temperature, ethanol is a polar solvent and is used as antifreeze. 
 
Question : Statement A: Acetic acid freezes at 290K.
Statement B: Acetic is also called as glacial acetic acid. 
a. Statement A is true; Statement B is false.
b. Statement B is True; Statement A is false.
c. Both the statements A and B are true.
d. Neither Statement A nor Statement B is true.
Answer : C
Explanation: Freezing point of ethanoic acid is 17 °C (290 K). When ethanoic acid (acetic acid) is cooled, it freezes to form a colourless, ice-like solid. The solid looks like a glacier and hence pure ethanoic acid is also called glacial ethanoic acid (or glacial acetic acid). 
 
Question : The odour of ethanoic acid resembles which one of the following: 
a. Kerosene
b. Pungent
c. Rose
d. Vinegar
Answer : D
Explanation: The odour of ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) resembles vinegar. A dilute solution of ethanoic acid in water is called vinegar. Vinegar contains about 5 to 8 % ethanoic acid.
 
Question : Which of the following statements are usually correct for carbon compounds?
A. They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
B. They are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
C. They have strong forces of attraction between their molecules.
D. They do not have strong forces of attraction between their molecules. 
a. B and C
b. All of these
c. B and D
d. A, B and D
Answer : C
Explanation: Carbon compounds are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity. Carbon compounds are covalent compounds that have been formed by the sharing of electrons. They do not have strong forces of attraction between their molecules. They have weak interactions between their molecules. This leads to low melting points and boiling points.
 

Very Short Answers

 
Question : What is the functional group of HCHO? 
Answer : The functional group of HCHO is -CHO. 
 
Question : Select saturated hydrocarbons from the following:
C3H6, C5H10, C4H10, C6H14, C2H4

Answer : Saturated hydrocarbons:
General formula= CnH2n+2
C4H10, C6H14
 
Question : Which of the following will turn blue litmus solution red? CH3OH, CH3COOH,CH3COOCH3.
Answer :  Blue litmus paper turns red under acidic conditions. CH3COOH will turn blue litmus solution red because it is acidic.
 
Question : An organic compound is a constituent of beer, whisky and some cough syrup. It is produced by the fermentation of sugar. Identify the organic compound. 
Answer : Ethanol is a constituent of beer, whisky and some cough syrup. Ethanol is produced by the fermentation of sugar.
 

Question : Draw the structure of ethanoic acid molecule, CH3COOH
Answer : Structure of ethanoic acid molecule:

Carbon and its compounds Assignment_4

 
Question :  What is a detergent? 
Answer :  Detergents are ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain carboxylic acids. Detergent is also known as soapless soap. Soap cannot form lather in hard water. To overcome this problem, detergents were introduced.
 

Question : Give the IUPAC name of acetic acid and propyl alcohol.
Answer : Acetic acid – Ethanoic acid
Propyl alcohol – Propanol

Question : Why do soaps form scum when added to hard water?
Answer : Hard water contains carbonate and sulphate salts of magnesium or sodium ions which react with the soap molecule to form a compound which is insoluble in water. Hence soaps form scum with hard water.

Question : Give the IUPAC name and write the functional group present in vinegar.
Answer : Vinegar IUPAC name is acetic acid CH3COOH
Functional group –COOH

Short  Answers Questions

Question : What is the reactive site in the given hydrocarbon? Write its name.
H3C—CH2—CH==CH—CH3
Answer : The reactive site is at a place where double bond is present.
Name of the compound is 2-pentene.

Question : Name the peculiar/specific chemical property exclusive in case of saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Answer : Saturated hydrocarbons show substitution reaction in which hydrogen atom gets substituted by other elements or atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons show addition reaction, in which hydrogen atom gets added across the double bond or triple bond of the compound.

Question : Why does carbon forms large number of compounds?
Answer : Carbon forms large number of compounds because of tetravalency and catenation property.
Tetravalency – Carbon has valency 4, to attain noble gas configuration carbon share its valence electrons with other elements like hydrogen, chlorine, etc.
Catenation – Carbon also shows the property of self-linking in which it forms long, branched or cyclic chains to form large number of compounds.

Question : How does ethanoic acid react with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates? Show it with the equation.
Answer : Ethanoic acid reacts with carbonates and hydrocarbonates to form salt, CO2 and H2O.
The salt formed is sodium acetate.
2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 ⎯→ 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
CH3COOH + NaHCO3 ⎯→ CH3COONa + H2O + CO2


Question : A student burns a hydrocarbon in air and obtains sooty flame. Give two reasons for this observation.
Answer : Sooty flame could be obtained due to
(i) Incomplete combustion of saturated hydrocarbons.
(ii) Combustion of unsaturated hydrocarbon.

 
Question : i. Write the formula and draw the electron dot structure of carbon tetrachloride.
ii. What is saponification? Write the reaction involved in this process. 
Answer :
Ma
 
ii. The reaction of an ester in the presence of base to give sodium salt of carboxylic acid and alcohol is known as saponification and this process is used in the preparation of soap
Ma-
 

Question : How many covalent bonds are there in a molecule of ethane, C2H6?
Answer : There are seven covalent bonds in a molecule of ethane:

Carbon and its compounds Assignment_5

 
 
Question : How would you name the following compounds? 
Ma-6
Answer :
 
Ma-9
 
 
Question : What are homologous series of carbon compounds? Write the molecular formula of two Consecutive members of homologous series of aldehydes.
Answer : A series of carbon compounds in which the same functional group substitutes for Hydrogen on a carbon chain is called homologous series. There is difference of –CH2 in nThe molecular formula of two nearest compounds of a homologous series. Each such Series has same general molecular formula and has a general scientific name. There Is a difference of 14u in the molecular mass of two nearest compound of a series?
Members of homologous series of aldehydes:
H – CHO
CH– CHO
C2H5 – CHO
 
 
Question : Mention four differences between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. 
Answer : Difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons:
Ma-1
 
 
Question : Out of sodium chloride (NaCl) or methyl chloride (CH3 Cl), which has higher melting and boiling points? Why? 
Answer :  The intermolecular forces are small in the covalent compounds.So, These bonds break easily. Hence, covalent compounds have low melting and boiling point.The intermolecular forces are small in the covalent compounds. These bonds break easily.
Hence, covalent compounds have low melting and boiling point.
Sodium chloride (Na+Cl-) is an ionic compound, therefore it's melting and boiling points are higher than methyl chloride (CH3Cl) which is a covalent compound. 
 
Question : Name the functional group present in each of the following organic compound:
(i) CH3COCH3 (ii) C2H5COOH
Answer : (i) CH3COCH3 —- >C=O ketonic group
(ii) C2H5COOH — (-COOH) Carboxylic acid
 

Question : Write the general formula for each of the following hydrocarbons and give one example for each.
(i) Alkene
(ii) Alkyne
Answer : (i) Alkene CnH2n e.g., C2H4 ethene
(ii) Alkyne CnH2n–2 e.g., C2H2 ethyne

Question : What is denatured alcohol?
Answer : When ethanol is mixed with methanol or some poisonous substances such as copper sulphate, pyridine which makes it unfit for drinking such alcohol is called denatured alcohol.

Question : Give two uses of ethanol and one harmful effect of it.
Answer :. Ethanol is a good solvent so it is used in making medicines such as tincture iodine, cough syrups and many tonics. Ethanol is also used in making alcoholic drinks.
Harmful effects: Intake of small amount of ethanol leads to drunkenness. Intake of even small amount of ethanol can be lethal. Long-term use or consumption can lead to severe health problems.

Question : (a) Name the compound CH3COOH and identify its functional group.
(b) Give a chemical test to identify this compound.
(c) Name the gas evolved when this compound acts on solid sodium carbonate. How would you identify this gas? 

Answer : (a) Ethanoic acid, functional group is—COOH (Caboxylic/group)
(b) Take few drops of ethanoic acid in a test tube and add sodium hydrogen carbonate solution to it. Brisk effervescence of CO2 gas is formed.
(c) CO2 gas is evolved. To identify the gas, pass it through freshly prepared limewater, it turns milky due to the formation of milky white precipitate of CaCO3.
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ⎯⎯→ CaCO3 + H2O
                                    White ppt.

Question : Give reason for the following observations:
(a) The element carbon forms a very large number of compounds.
(b) Air holes of a gas burner have to be adjusted when the heated vessels get blackened by the flame.
(c) Use of synthetic detergents causes pollution of water. 

Answer : (a) Carbon forms large number of compounds due to its property of catenation, i.e. self linking. They form isomeric compounds i.e. compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formula.
(b) The vessels blacken due to deposits of black carbon particles on it which is caused due to incomplete combustion of fuel. Air holes are adjusted so that air enters through the holes and helps in complete combustion of the fuel.
(c) Synthetic detergent is non-biodegradable, it remains in the water thereby causing water pollution.

 

Question : (a) What is vinegar?
(b) Describe with a chemical equation, what happens when sodium hydrogen carbonate reacts with ethanoic acid. 

Answer : (a) The 5% – 10% aqueous solution of acetic acid is called vinegar.
(b) CH3COOH + NaHCO3 ⎯⎯→ CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
    Acetic acid                             Sodium acetate
Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate to produce brisk effervescence of CO2 gas and sodium acetate.

 

Long Answers

 
Question : Describe the addition reaction of carbon compounds with its application. State the function of catalyst in this reaction. How this reaction is different from a substitution reaction? Explain with an example. 
Answer : The addition reaction can be seen only with unsaturated carbon compounds. One example of addition reaction is hydrogenation reaction, which is used to obtain ghee from vegetable oil.
Ma-2
Ma-3
 
The rate of reaction increases in the presence of catalyst (Ni or Pt), they adsorb the hydrogen molecule over their surface thus increasing the rate of reaction.
In subsitution reaction, a reagent substitutes on atom or a group of atoms from the reactant instead of addition.
Ma-4 
 
Question : List two reasons for carbon forming a large number of compounds. Name the type of Bonding found in most of its compounds. Why does carbon form compounds mainly by this kind of bonding?
Answer :  Carbon forms a large number of compounds.
The two properties of carbon which lead to the huge number of carbon compounds are:
-catenation: it’s a unique property of carbon atoms to form bonds with other atoms of Carbon giving rise to large molecules.
-Tetravalency: Since carbon has four valencies, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms Of carbon or atoms of some other monovalent elements.
Carbon compounds are formed mainly by sharing of electron with covalent bond because carbon atoms have 4 electrons in their outermost shell. So, needs to gain or lose Electrons to achieve inert gas electronic configuration. It could gain four electron forming C4-anion. But it is difficult due to energy consideration. It could lose 4 electrons to form C4+cation. But it is difficult due to energy consideration.
Because of this reason carbon Share their electron to form covalent bond only.
 
 
Question : Define structural isomer and draw the isomeric structures of butane. Compare the structure of benzene and cyclohexane by drawing them. 
Answer :  Compounds having same molecular formula but different structural formula are called structural isomers.
e.g. butane (C4H10) shows the following two structural isomers. One of which is straight chain n-butane and other is iso-butane.

 

Ma-10
 

Question : The molecules involving ionic bond(s) are: 

A. H2O
B. NaCl
C. Na2O
D. MgO
A) B, C and D
B) A and C
C) All of these
D) A and B
Answer : A 
Explanation: Water molecule is a covalent compound formed by the sharing of electrons between the hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atom. Metals like Na and Mg are electropositive in nature and form ionic compounds with electronegative non-metals.

Question : –CHO Group is:
A) Aldehydic group
B) Alcholic group
C) Ketonic group
D) Acidic Group
Answer :  A

Question : A molecule of ammonia (NH3) has
(a) only single bonds
(b) only double bonds
(c) only triple bonds
(d) two double bonds and one single bond
Answer : A

Question : Carbon forms four covalent bonds by sharing its four valence electrons with four univalent atoms, e.g. hydrogen. After the formation of four bonds, carbon attains the electronic configuration of
(a) Helium
(b) Neon
(c) Argon
(d) Krypton
Answer : B

Question : Which among the following can react with sodium metal:
A) Ethane
B) Propane
C) Ethanol
D) Ethene
Answer :  C

Question : Which of the following compounds contain the functional group -OH? 
A. Propane
B. Propanol
C. Ethanoic acid
D. Ethanol
A) All of these
B) B and D
C) A and C
D) B and C
Answer : D
Explanation: Ethanol and propanol are alcohols and contain the functional group -OH. Ethanol is C2H5OH and propanol is C3H7OH. Ethanoic acid contains the carboxylic group (-COOH).

Question : Hydrocarbon are compounds made of:
A) C & H
B) C & O
C) C & H2O
D) C & He
Answer :  A

ASSERTION REASON TYPE QUESTIONS

Following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true

Question. Assertion(A): Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon.
Reason (R): Some elements can have several different structural forms while in the same physical state. These forms are called allotropes.
Answer : A

Question. Assertion(A): Carbon compounds can form chain, branched and ring structures.
Reason (R): Carbon exhibits the property of catenation.
Answer : A

Question. Assertion (A): Graphite is a good conductor of electricity.
Reason (R): It has one free valence electron.
Answer : A

Question. Assertion (A): Diamond is not good conductor of electricity.
Reason: It has no free electrons.
Answer : A

Question. Assertion (A): Graphite is slippery to touch.
Reason: The various layers of carbon atoms in graphite are held together by weak forces of attractions.
Answer : A

Question. Assertion (A): Covalent compounds are generally poor conductor of electricity.
Reason (R): They consist of molecules and not ions which can transfer charge.
Answer : A

Question. Assertion(A): The functional group present in alcohols is – OH.
Reason (R): It is the same group as present in water, hence water and alcohol have similar properties.
Answer : C

Case study question

1. Water is a simple molecule consisting of one oxygen atom bonded to two different hydrogen atoms. Because of the higher electronegativity of the oxygen atom, the bonds are polar covalent (polar bonds). The oxygen atom attracts the shared electrons of the covalent bonds to a significantly greater extent than the hydrogen atoms. The molecule has a bent structure, the H—O—H bond angle is about 105°.

Question. Which of the following statement is true regarding the electronegativity of atoms in water molecule?
(a) Hydrogen is more electronegative than oxygen
(b) Hydrogen is less electronegative than oxygen
(c) Electronegativity is same in Hydrogen and oxygen
(d) Hydrogen and oxygen do no show significant electronegativity in water
Answer : B

Question. The correct electron dot structure of a water molecule is
(a) H O O
(b) H O O
(c) H O H
(d) H O O
Answer : C

Question. The H—O—H bond angle in water molecule is
(a) 109.5°
(b) 180°
(c) 90°
(d) 105.0°
Answer : D

Question. What is the shape of water molecule?
(a) Linear
(b) Trigonal planar
(c) Bent
(d) Octahedral
Answer : C

Question. Select the correct type of bonding in a water molecule
(a) Ionic Bonding
(b) Covalent Bonding
(c) Hydrogen Bonding
(d) None of these
Answer : B

Very Short Answer Questions

Question : How do the melting and boiling points of the hydrocarbons change with increase in molecular mass? 
Answer : With increase in molar mass, the melting point and boiling points of hydrocarbons increases generally. It is because, with increase in molar mass, the molecule becomes larger and so the vander waal's forces become stronger, which holds the particles together. so it requires more energy to break these bonds and thus the melting and boiling points of the hydrocarbons increases.

Question : Which element exhibits the property of catenation to maximum extent and why?
Answer :  
Carbon since it forms strong covalent bond, due to smaller atomic size.

Question : Why are most carbon compounds poor conductors of electricity?
Answer :  
Carbon compounds form covalent bonds/do not dissociate into ions/do not have charged particles (ions).

Question : Covalent compounds have low melting and boiling point. Why?
Answer :  
It is because they have weak van der Waal’s forces of attraction between molecules therefore have low melting and boiling points.

Question. How man covalent bonds are there in a molecule of ethane (C2H6) ? 
Answer :  There are 7 covalent bonds in a molecule of ethane.

Question : How are covalent bonds formed?
Answer :  
Covalent bonds are formed by equal sharing of electrons

Question : Define catenation.
Answer :  
The property of self-linking of atoms of an element through covalent bonds in order to form straight chain, branched chains or cyclic chains of different sizes is called catenation.

Question : State two characteristic features of carbon which when put together give rise to large number of carbon compounds.
Answer :  
(i) Catenation (ii) Tetravalency of carbon

Short Answer Questions

Question : Some esters are added to food items for special smells. An ester can be made from ethanol and ethanoic acid. 
Answer :
i. Ethyl ethanoate ester is formed from ethanoic acid and ethanol.
A-11
ii. The process is called esterification.
 
Question : What happens when ethyl alcohol and acetic acid react with each other in presence of conc. H2SO4? Write the chemical equation. 
Answer : When ethyl alcohol reacts with acetic acid in presence of conc. H2SO4 a sweet smelling ester called ethyl acetate is formed as main product.
A-12
 
Question : i. Give a chemical test to distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon.
ii. Name the products formed when ethane burns in air. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction showing the types of energies liberated.
iii. Why is reaction between methane and chlorine in the presence of sunlight considered a substitution reaction?
Answer : i. Saturated hydrocarbon burn with blue and non-smoky flame due to their complete combustion and unsaturated hydrocarbons generally burn with sooty flame due to their incomplete combustion.
Another test: Unsaturated compounds decolourises bromine colour.
e.g.
A-13
 
But, saturated compounds does not decolourise the bromine water. Bayer's test can also be used to distinguish saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon.
ii. Carbon dioxide and water are formed when ethane burns in air.
 A-14
 
iii. The reactions in which a reagent substitutes (replace) atom or a group of atoms from the reactant (substrate) are called substitution reactions. These are generally shown by saturated compounds. When chlorine is added to hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight, Cl replaces H-atoms one by one to give carbon tetrachloride as final product.
A-15  

Question. Identify the following-
(i) An allotrope of carbon which has a two-dimensional layered structure consisting of flat hexagonal rings.
(ii) An allotrope of carbon which looks like a soccer ball.
(iii) An allotrope of carbon which contains both single and double bonds. 
Answer : (i) Graphite (ii) Buckminsterfullerene (iii) Graphite

Question. A hydrocarbon molecule contains 3 carbon atoms. What would be its molecular formula in case it is
(i) an alkane (ii) an alkene (iii) an alkyne? 
Answer : (i) General formula of alkanes = CnH2n+2; if n=3, formula will be C3H8
(ii) General formula of alkanes = CnH2n; So, if n=3, formula will be C3H6
(iii) General formula of alkanes = CnH2n-2. So, if n=3, formula will be C3H4

Question. A hydrocarbon molecule has 4 carbon atoms. What would be its molecular formula in case it is
(i) an alkane (ii) an alkene (iii) an alkyne? 
Answer : (i) General formula of alkanes = CnH2n+2; if 2n+2 =10, n=4; so, formula will be C4H10
(ii) General formula of alkanes = CnH2n; So, if 2n=8, n=4; so, formula will be C4H8
(iii) General formula of alkanes = CnH2n-2. So, if 2n-2=6, n=4; so, formula will be C4H6

Long Answer Questions

Question. Define homologous series of organic compounds. List its two characteristics.Write the name and formula of the first member of the series of alkenes.
Answer : The series of organic compounds having same functional group and similar chemical properties is called homologous series. Each member differs from successive member by —CH2— group. The difference in molecular weight between two successive members is 14 u. Characteristics: (i) It has same general formula, from which, all members can be derived. (ii) They have similar chemical properties. C2H4, CH2=CH2, Ethene is first member of alkene series.

Question. Why homologous series of carbon compounds are so called? Write chemical formula of two consecutive members of a homologous series and state the part of these compounds that determines their (i) physical properties, and (ii) chemical properties. 
Answer : The series consists of members of same family with similar physical and chemical properties, therefore, called homologous series (i) CH3OH, and (ii) CH3CH2OH are two consecutive members of homologous series. Alkyl group —CH3 and —CH3CH2 part determines physical properties. Functional group —OH determines chemical properties of the compounds.

Question. (a) State two characteristic features of carbon which when put together give rise to a large number of carbon compounds.
(b) Catenation is the ability of an atom to form bonds with other atoms of the Same element. It is exhibited by both carbon and silicon. Compare the ability Of catenation of the two elements. Give reasons.
Answer : (a) The size of carbon atom is very small (Atomic radius = 77 pm) The strength C—C bond is quite high (355 kJ mol-1) Therefore, any number of carbon atoms can be linked by covalent bonds, This self-linking property is called catenation. (b) Carbon shows catenation to large extent as compared to silicon as well as any other element due to smaller size of carbon. C—C bond is stronger than Si-Si bond because Si is larger in size, forms weaker bond.

Question. a) How can you prove that butene and propane are not in a given homologous  Series?
a) Name the first four homologues of alkene series?
b) How many covalent bonds are there in propene?
Answer : a) Propane has the formula C3H8 and butene is C4H8. C3H8 is of the form CnH2n+2 and belongs to alkane homologous series and C4H8 has the general formula CnH2n+2 which shows that it is an alkene. Hence those molecules are not in the same homologous series. Mention their chemical formula
b) Ethene(C2H4),Propene(C3H6), Butene(C4H8),Pentene(C5H10) 7 single covalent bond and one double bond

CASE STUDY BASED 

1. Read the following carefully.

In covalent compounds atoms share valence electrons to satisfy the octet. Each atom shares one pair or two pairs or three pairs of electrons depending on their combining capacity. In electron dot structures only number of valence electrons are shown around the symbols of constituent atoms. Carbon using its valency of four can make either single, double or triple bonds with other carbon atoms or any other atoms. Carbons self-linking property is called catenation. In hydrocarbons carbon makes aliphatic or cyclic molecules they are either saturated or unsaturated. Based on these facts Read the following paragraph and answer the questions given below.
An element X combines with Y to form a colourless odourless gas, Z which turns lime water milky is the major constituent of all organic molecules. Five X atoms combines with hydrogens to form a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon J and aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon Q.Q is used in gas welding.

Question.a) Identify compound Z and draw its electron dot structure.
Answer : a) Z is CO2 its electron dot structure is
CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compounds

Question. Write the chemical formula and IUPAC name of compound Q
Answer : C2H2,ethyne

Question. What is the common name of Q
Answer : Acetylene

Question. How many single covalent bonds are present in compound J?
Answer : 15

Question. Draw the structure of J and write its chemical formula.
Answer : 

CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compounds
C5H10
Its chemical formula is C5H10

Value Based Questions

Question. Suman always carried her tiffin box in a jute bag while most of her friends got it packed in a poly bag.
(a) What type of bonding is present in polythene?
(b) Give one advantage of carrying jute and disadvantage of poly bag.
(c) Which value is reflected in Suman by using jute bag?

Answer : (a) In polythene, long chain of ethene is present – C = C –.
(b) Jute bag is biodegradable and will not cause pollution. While poly bag is nonbiodegradable and causes pollution.
(c) Suman shows the value of a responsible behaviour.

Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
CBSE Class 10 Science Sustainable Management of Natural Resources Worksheet

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