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Worksheet for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds
Class 10 Science students should download to the following Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds Class 10 worksheet in PDF. This test paper with questions and answers for Class 10 will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks
Class 10 Science Worksheet for Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds
Question. Bromine reacts with saturated hydrocarbon at room temperature in the
(a) absence of sunlight
(b) presence of water
(c) presence of sunlight
(d) presence of hydrochloric acid
Answer : C
Question. The upper and lower homologue of C2H5OH are respectively
(a) methyl alcohol and butyl alcohol
(b) ethyl alcohol and propyl alcohol
(c) butyl alcohol and propyl alcohol
(d) propyl alcohol and methyl alcohol
Answer : D
Very Short Answer Questions
Question. What is a hydrocarbon?
Answer : It is a compound of hydrogen and carbon.
Question. Name two types of hydrocarbon.
Answer : Hydrocarbon – Saturated and unsaturated.
Question. What is catenation?
Answer : Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with the other atoms of carbon which gives rise to large molecules. This property of self linking is called catenation.
Question. Why covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points?
Answer : As the bond is formed by sharing of electrons between two atoms. Intermolecular forces are small between the covalent compounds. These bonds break easily.
Question. Define catalyst.
Answer : Catalyst are substances that cause a reaction with a change in rate of reaction, without itself undergoing any change.
Example: Micelle acts as a catalyst to convert unsaturated hydrocarbon into saturated hydrocarbon.
Question. Give the full form of IUPAC.
Answer : IUPAC → International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
Question. How can we convert CH3CH2OH into C2H4 ?
Answer : By adding conc. sulphuric acid into it which acts as dehydrating agent and removes water from it.
Question. What is the melting point of acetic acid?
Answer : M.P. = 290 K.
Question. How can you convert ethene into ethane?
Answer : By adding hydrogen to ethene in the presence of a catalyst.
Question. What is esterification reaction?
Answer : The reaction in which alcohol reacts with carboxylic acid to produce a new compound called ester is called esterification.
Question. What is isomerism?
Answer : A property in which a compound can exist in different structural formula but its molecular formula remains the same.
Question. What is hydrophilic?
Answer : The substance showing attraction towards water is called hydrophilic.
Question. ‘‘Saturated hydrocarbons burn with a blue flame while unsaturated hydrocarbons burn with a sooty flame’’. Why?
Answer. An unsaturated hydrocarbon has high concentration of carbon, which does not get oxidised by the atmospheric oxygen. Thus, unburnt carbon appears in the form of soot and hence the flame is sooty.
Question. Write the next higher homologue of the following : (i) C3H6 (ii) C5H8
Answer. (i) C4H8 (ii) C6H10
Question. Write the name and structure of an aldehyde with 4 carbon atoms.
Answer. C3H7 CHO (Butanal)
Question. Draw the electron dot structure of ethane (C2H6).
Answer.
Question. Draw the structure of pentanal (C4H9CHO).
Answer.
Question. Name the functional group present in each of the following compounds.
Answer. C3H7OH — Alcoholic group
Question. Draw the structure of ethene molecule (C2H4).
Answer.
Question. (a) Name the functional group present in propanal (C3H6O).
Answer. Aldehyde group
(b) Name the fourth (4th) member of alkene series.
Answer. Pentene
Question. (a) Name the type of reaction represented by the following equation :
Answer. Esterification
(b) Draw the structure of ethanol molecule.
Answer.
Question. Why is the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid considered an oxidation reaction?
Answer. Conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid is considered an oxidation reaction since it involves:
(i) addition of oxygen to the ethanol molecule
(ii) removal of hydrogen from the ethanol molecule.
Question. (a) Draw the structure of the simplest ketone.
Answer.
Question.(b) Draw the structure of CH3COOH molecule.
Answer.
Question. (a) Name the compound formed when ethanol is warmed with ethanoic acid in the presence of few drops of concentrated. H2SO4.
Answer. Ethyl ethanoate (an ester)
Question.(b) Write a chemical equation to represent the reaction of ethanol with acidified solution of potassium dichromate.
Answer.
Question. (a) What happens when a small piece of sodium is dropped into ethanol?
Answer. Sodium reacts with ethanol to form sodium ethoxide and liberates hydrogen gas.
Answer. Acetone or propanone
Question. Why does carbon form compounds mainly by covalent bonding?
Answer. Carbon has four valence electrons. Thus, it is not in a position to donate/accept four electrons so as to acquire a stable neon gas like structure. Thus, in order to enter into a chemical reaction,it shares its valence electrons with other elements.
Question. (a) What would be observed on adding a 50% solution of alkaline potassium permanganate drop by drop to some warm ethanol taken in a test tube?
(b) Write the name of the compound formed during the chemical reaction.
Answer. (a) The pink colour of potassium permanganate would be discharged.
(b) Ethanoic acid.
Question. (a) How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid on the basis of a chemical property?
Answer. Ethanol does not react with sodium carbonate. However, carboxylic acid reacts with sodium carbonate with the liberation of carbon dioxide gas which turns limewater milky.
(b) Name the gas evolved when ethanoic acid is added to sodium carbonate. How would you prove the presence of this gas?
Answer. Carbon dioxide gas.
The gas when passed through limewater turns the limewater milky.
Question. What is a functional group in a carbon compound. Identify the functional group present in CH3COOH and C2H5OH.
Answer. An atom or a group of atoms which gives the same characteristic properties to a compound is called a functional group.
Functional group in : CH3COOH — Carboxylic acid group
C2H5OH — Alcoholic group
Question. (a) name the compound CH3CH2OH and identify its functional group.
Answer. Ethyl alcohol
Alcoholic group.
(b) What is the difference in the molecular formula of any two consecutive members of a homologous series of organic compounds?
Answer. CH2
Question. Why are covalent compounds generally poor conductors of electricity?
Answer. Covalent compounds are formed by the sharing of valence electrons. As such they do not have cations or anions which could migrate to the opposite poles of an electrolytic cell. Thus, they do not conduct electric current.
Question. Write the names of the functional groups in :
Answer. (i) Ketonic group (ii) Aldehydic group
Short Answer Questions
Question. What is an homologous series? Explain with an example.
Answer : A homologous series is a series of carbon compounds that have different numbers of carbon atoms but contain the same functional group.
Question : The by-product in soap industry is:
Very Short Answers
C3H6, C5H10, C4H10, C6H14, C2H4
Answer : Saturated hydrocarbons:
General formula= CnH2n+2
C4H10, C6H14
Question : Draw the structure of ethanoic acid molecule, CH3COOH
Answer : Structure of ethanoic acid molecule:
Question : Give the IUPAC name of acetic acid and propyl alcohol.
Answer : Acetic acid – Ethanoic acid
Propyl alcohol – Propanol
Question : Why do soaps form scum when added to hard water?
Answer : Hard water contains carbonate and sulphate salts of magnesium or sodium ions which react with the soap molecule to form a compound which is insoluble in water. Hence soaps form scum with hard water.
Question : Give the IUPAC name and write the functional group present in vinegar.
Answer : Vinegar IUPAC name is acetic acid CH3COOH
Functional group –COOH
Short Answers Questions
Question : What is the reactive site in the given hydrocarbon? Write its name.
H3C—CH2—CH==CH—CH3
Answer : The reactive site is at a place where double bond is present.
Name of the compound is 2-pentene.
Question : Name the peculiar/specific chemical property exclusive in case of saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Answer : Saturated hydrocarbons show substitution reaction in which hydrogen atom gets substituted by other elements or atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons show addition reaction, in which hydrogen atom gets added across the double bond or triple bond of the compound.
Question : Why does carbon forms large number of compounds?
Answer : Carbon forms large number of compounds because of tetravalency and catenation property.
Tetravalency – Carbon has valency 4, to attain noble gas configuration carbon share its valence electrons with other elements like hydrogen, chlorine, etc.
Catenation – Carbon also shows the property of self-linking in which it forms long, branched or cyclic chains to form large number of compounds.
Question : How does ethanoic acid react with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates? Show it with the equation.
Answer : Ethanoic acid reacts with carbonates and hydrocarbonates to form salt, CO2 and H2O.
The salt formed is sodium acetate.
2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 ⎯→ 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
CH3COOH + NaHCO3 ⎯→ CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
Question : A student burns a hydrocarbon in air and obtains sooty flame. Give two reasons for this observation.
Answer : Sooty flame could be obtained due to
(i) Incomplete combustion of saturated hydrocarbons.
(ii) Combustion of unsaturated hydrocarbon.
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Worksheet for CBSE Science Class 10 Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds
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