CBSE Class 10 Science Carbon And Its Compounds Worksheet Set C

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Worksheet for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds

Class 10 Science students should download to the following Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds Class 10 worksheet in PDF. This test paper with questions and answers for Class 10 will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

Class 10 Science Worksheet for Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds

Question. Bromine reacts with saturated hydrocarbon at room temperature in the
(a) absence of sunlight
(b) presence of water
(c) presence of sunlight
(d) presence of hydrochloric acid
Answer : C

Question. The upper and lower homologue of C2H5OH are respectively
(a) methyl alcohol and butyl alcohol
(b) ethyl alcohol and propyl alcohol
(c) butyl alcohol and propyl alcohol
(d) propyl alcohol and methyl alcohol
Answer : D

Very Short Answer Questions

Question. What is a hydrocarbon?
Answer : It is a compound of hydrogen and carbon.

Question. Name two types of hydrocarbon.
Answer : Hydrocarbon – Saturated and unsaturated.

Question. What is catenation?
Answer : Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with the other atoms of carbon which gives rise to large molecules. This property of self linking is called catenation.

Question. Why covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points?
Answer : As the bond is formed by sharing of electrons between two atoms. Intermolecular forces are small between the covalent compounds. These bonds break easily.

Question. Define catalyst.
Answer : Catalyst are substances that cause a reaction with a change in rate of reaction, without itself undergoing any change.
Example: Micelle acts as a catalyst to convert unsaturated hydrocarbon into saturated hydrocarbon.

Question. Give the full form of IUPAC.
Answer :
 IUPAC → International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

Question. How can we convert CH3CH2OH into C2H4 ?
Answer :
 By adding conc. sulphuric acid into it which acts as dehydrating agent and removes water from it.

Question. What is the melting point of acetic acid?
Answer : M.P. = 290 K.

Question. How can you convert ethene into ethane?
Answer :
 By adding hydrogen to ethene in the presence of a catalyst.

Question. What is esterification reaction?
Answer :
 The reaction in which alcohol reacts with carboxylic acid to produce a new compound called ester is called esterification.

Question. What is isomerism?
Answer :
 A property in which a compound can exist in different structural formula but its molecular formula remains the same.

Question. What is hydrophilic?
Answer :
 The substance showing attraction towards water is called hydrophilic.

Question. ‘‘Saturated hydrocarbons burn with a blue flame while unsaturated hydrocarbons burn with a sooty flame’’. Why?
Answer. An unsaturated hydrocarbon has high concentration of carbon, which does not get oxidised by the atmospheric oxygen. Thus, unburnt carbon appears in the form of soot and hence the flame is sooty.

Question. Write the next higher homologue of the following : (i) C3H6 (ii) C5H8
Answer. (i) C4H8 (ii) C6H10

Question. Write the name and structure of an aldehyde with 4 carbon atoms.
Answer. C3H7 CHO (Butanal)
CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound

Question. Draw the electron dot structure of ethane (C2H6).
Answer. 
CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound

Question. Draw the structure of pentanal (C4H9CHO).
Answer.
CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound

Question. Name the functional group present in each of the following compounds.

CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound

Answer. C3H7OH — Alcoholic group

CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound
 

Question. Draw the structure of ethene molecule (C2H4).
Answer.

CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound
 

Question. (a) Name the functional group present in propanal (C3H6O).
Answer. Aldehyde group

(b) Name the fourth (4th) member of alkene series.
Answer. Pentene

Question. (a) Name the type of reaction represented by the following equation :
CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound

Answer. Esterification

(b) Draw the structure of ethanol molecule.
Answer.
CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound

Question. Why is the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid considered an oxidation reaction?
Answer. Conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid is considered an oxidation reaction since it involves:
(i) addition of oxygen to the ethanol molecule
(ii) removal of hydrogen from the ethanol molecule.

Question. (a) Draw the structure of the simplest ketone.
Answer.
CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound

Question.(b) Draw the structure of CH3COOH molecule.
Answer.
CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound

Question. (a) Name the compound formed when ethanol is warmed with ethanoic acid in the presence of few drops of concentrated. H2SO4.
Answer. Ethyl ethanoate (an ester)

Question.(b) Write a chemical equation to represent the reaction of ethanol with acidified solution of potassium dichromate.
Answer.
CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound

Question. (a) What happens when a small piece of sodium is dropped into ethanol?
Answer. Sodium reacts with ethanol to form sodium ethoxide and liberates hydrogen gas.

CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound

Answer. Acetone or propanone

Question. Why does carbon form compounds mainly by covalent bonding?
Answer. Carbon has four valence electrons. Thus, it is not in a position to donate/accept four electrons so as to acquire a stable neon gas like structure. Thus, in order to enter into a chemical reaction,it shares its valence electrons with other elements.

Question. (a) What would be observed on adding a 50% solution of alkaline potassium permanganate drop by drop to some warm ethanol taken in a test tube?
(b) Write the name of the compound formed during the chemical reaction.
Answer. (a) The pink colour of potassium permanganate would be discharged.
(b) Ethanoic acid.

Question. (a) How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid on the basis of a chemical property?
Answer. Ethanol does not react with sodium carbonate. However, carboxylic acid reacts with sodium carbonate with the liberation of carbon dioxide gas which turns limewater milky.

(b) Name the gas evolved when ethanoic acid is added to sodium carbonate. How would you prove the presence of this gas?
Answer. Carbon dioxide gas.
The gas when passed through limewater turns the limewater milky.

Question. What is a functional group in a carbon compound. Identify the functional group present in CH3COOH and C2H5OH.
Answer. An atom or a group of atoms which gives the same characteristic properties to a compound is called a functional group.
Functional group in : CH3COOH — Carboxylic acid group
C2H5OH — Alcoholic group

Question. (a) name the compound CH3CH2OH and identify its functional group.
Answer. Ethyl alcohol
Alcoholic group.

(b) What is the difference in the molecular formula of any two consecutive members of a homologous series of organic compounds?
Answer. CH2

Question. Why are covalent compounds generally poor conductors of electricity?
Answer. Covalent compounds are formed by the sharing of valence electrons. As such they do not have cations or anions which could migrate to the opposite poles of an electrolytic cell. Thus, they do not conduct electric current.

Question. Write the names of the functional groups in :
CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Carbon And Its Compound

Answer. (i) Ketonic group (ii) Aldehydic group

Short Answer Questions

Question. What is an homologous series? Explain with an example.
Answer :
 A homologous series is a series of carbon compounds that have different numbers of carbon atoms but contain the same functional group.

Example of homologous series
Alkane series CnH2n + 2
CH4 Methane, C2H6 Ethane
C3H8 Propane, C4H10 Butane C5H12 Pentane
 
It can be noticed that there is a difference of −CH2 unit between each successive compound.
 
Question. How can ethanol and ethanoic acid be differentiated on the basis of their physical and chemical properties?
Answer :
Distinction based on physical properties
1. Smell Ethanoic acid has a pungent smell. Ethanol has a pleasant smell.
2. Melting point Ethanol has lower melting point (150 K) than ethanoic acid (290 K).
3. Physical state Ethanoic acid is solid (glacial acetic acid) in winters but ethanol is always a liquid.
 
II. Distriction based on chemical properties
(i) Action with sodium hydrogen carbonate: On adding a small amount of sodium hydrogen carbonate to ethanoic acid, carbon dioxide gas is evolved with brisk effervescence. However, no such reaction noticed in case of ethanol.
10th CHEMISTRY 17-07-2021 1
(ii) Action with caustic alkalies Ethanoic acids reacts with both sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) to form corresponding salt and water. Ethanol fails to react with either of these.
10th CHEMISTRY 17-07-2021 2
 
Question. Why does micelle formation take place when soap is added to water? Will a micelle be formed in other solvents such as ethanol also?
Answer : A soap is a sodium or potassium salt of long chain fatty acids. It has one polar end and one non-polar end. The polar end is hydrophilic in nature i.e., this end is attracted towards water. The non-polar end is hydrophobic but lyophilic, i.e., it is attracted towards hydrocarbons. When soap is added to water, soap molecules arrange themselves in a cluster to keep the non- polar portion out of water such that the non-polar ends are in the interior of the cluster and the polar ends are on the surface of the cluster. Since the dirt present on clothes is organic in nature and insoluble in water, the hydrophobic ends of the clusters attach themselves to the dirt. This cluster formation in which the dirt is entrapped is the micelle. Micelle formation does not occur in alcohol because the alkyl chain of soap becomes soluble in alcohol.
10th CHEMISTRY 17-07-2021 3
 
Question. Why are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications?
Answer : Carbon burns in oxygen (air) to form carbon dioxide and water.
10th CHEMISTRY 17-07-2021 4
During this reaction a large amount of heat and light are released. Further, once ignited carbon and its compounds keep on burning without the requirement of additional energy. Hence, they are used as fuels.
 
Question. Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap.
Answer : Soap does not work properly when the water is hard. A soap is a sodium or potassium salt of long chain fatty acids. Hard water contains salts of calcium and magnesium. When soap is added to hard water, calcium and magnesium ions present in water displace sodium or potassium ions from the soap molecules forming an insoluble substance called scum. A lot of soap is wasted in the process.
 
Reaction taking place are shown below.
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Question. What change will you observe if you test soap with litmus paper (red and blue)?
Answer : Since soap is basic in nature, it will turn red litmus blue. However, the colour of blue litmus will remain blue.
 
Question. What is hydrogenation? What is its industrial application?
Answer : Hydrogenation is the process of addition of hydrogen. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are added with hydrogen in the presence of palladium and nickel catalysts to give saturated hydrocarbons.
10th CHEMISTRY 17-07-2021 6
 
This reaction is applied in the hydrogenation of vegetables oils, which contain long chains of unsaturated carbons.

Question : The by-product in soap industry is: 

a. Glycerol
b. Isoprene
c. Ethylene glycol
d. Butane
Answer : A 
Explanation: Glycerol Is a colourless, sweet, viscous liquid formed as a byproduct in soap manufacture. It is used as an emollient and laxative, and for making explosives and antifreeze. The main product is soap.
Fat or Oil + Alkali →Soap + Glycerol 
 
Question : Which of the following is used for antifreeze mixture? 
a. C2H5OH
b. CH3OH
c. HCHO
d. CH3COOH
Answer : A 
Explanation: Ethanol ( C2H5OH) is used for antifreeze mixture. Antifreeze is an additive which lowers the freezing point of a water-based liquid. At room temperature, ethanol is a polar solvent and is used as antifreeze. 
 
Question : Statement A: Acetic acid freezes at 290K.
Statement B: Acetic is also called as glacial acetic acid. 
a. Statement A is true; Statement B is false.
b. Statement B is True; Statement A is false.
c. Both the statements A and B are true.
d. Neither Statement A nor Statement B is true.
Answer : C
Explanation: Freezing point of ethanoic acid is 17 °C (290 K). When ethanoic acid (acetic acid) is cooled, it freezes to form a colourless, ice-like solid. The solid looks like a glacier and hence pure ethanoic acid is also called glacial ethanoic acid (or glacial acetic acid). 
 
Question : The odour of ethanoic acid resembles which one of the following: 
a. Kerosene
b. Pungent
c. Rose
d. Vinegar
Answer : D
Explanation: The odour of ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) resembles vinegar. A dilute solution of ethanoic acid in water is called vinegar. Vinegar contains about 5 to 8 % ethanoic acid.
 
Question : Which of the following statements are usually correct for carbon compounds?
A. They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
B. They are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
C. They have strong forces of attraction between their molecules.
D. They do not have strong forces of attraction between their molecules. 
a. B and C
b. All of these
c. B and D
d. A, B and D
Answer : C
Explanation: Carbon compounds are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity. Carbon compounds are covalent compounds that have been formed by the sharing of electrons. They do not have strong forces of attraction between their molecules. They have weak interactions between their molecules. This leads to low melting points and boiling points.
 

Very Short Answers

 
Question : What is the functional group of HCHO? 
Answer : The functional group of HCHO is -CHO. 
 
Question : Select saturated hydrocarbons from the following:
C3H6, C5H10, C4H10, C6H14, C2H4

Answer : Saturated hydrocarbons:
General formula= CnH2n+2
C4H10, C6H14
 
Question : Which of the following will turn blue litmus solution red? CH3OH, CH3COOH,CH3COOCH3.
Answer :  Blue litmus paper turns red under acidic conditions. CH3COOH will turn blue litmus solution red because it is acidic.
 
Question : An organic compound is a constituent of beer, whisky and some cough syrup. It is produced by the fermentation of sugar. Identify the organic compound. 
Answer : Ethanol is a constituent of beer, whisky and some cough syrup. Ethanol is produced by the fermentation of sugar.
 

Question : Draw the structure of ethanoic acid molecule, CH3COOH
Answer : Structure of ethanoic acid molecule:

Carbon and its compounds Assignment_4

 
Question :  What is a detergent? 
Answer :  Detergents are ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain carboxylic acids. Detergent is also known as soapless soap. Soap cannot form lather in hard water. To overcome this problem, detergents were introduced.
 

Question : Give the IUPAC name of acetic acid and propyl alcohol.
Answer : Acetic acid – Ethanoic acid
Propyl alcohol – Propanol

Question : Why do soaps form scum when added to hard water?
Answer : Hard water contains carbonate and sulphate salts of magnesium or sodium ions which react with the soap molecule to form a compound which is insoluble in water. Hence soaps form scum with hard water.

Question : Give the IUPAC name and write the functional group present in vinegar.
Answer : Vinegar IUPAC name is acetic acid CH3COOH
Functional group –COOH

Short  Answers Questions

Question : What is the reactive site in the given hydrocarbon? Write its name.
H3C—CH2—CH==CH—CH3
Answer : The reactive site is at a place where double bond is present.
Name of the compound is 2-pentene.

Question : Name the peculiar/specific chemical property exclusive in case of saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Answer : Saturated hydrocarbons show substitution reaction in which hydrogen atom gets substituted by other elements or atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons show addition reaction, in which hydrogen atom gets added across the double bond or triple bond of the compound.

Question : Why does carbon forms large number of compounds?
Answer : Carbon forms large number of compounds because of tetravalency and catenation property.
Tetravalency – Carbon has valency 4, to attain noble gas configuration carbon share its valence electrons with other elements like hydrogen, chlorine, etc.
Catenation – Carbon also shows the property of self-linking in which it forms long, branched or cyclic chains to form large number of compounds.

Question : How does ethanoic acid react with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates? Show it with the equation.
Answer : Ethanoic acid reacts with carbonates and hydrocarbonates to form salt, CO2 and H2O.
The salt formed is sodium acetate.
2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 ⎯→ 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
CH3COOH + NaHCO3 ⎯→ CH3COONa + H2O + CO2


Question : A student burns a hydrocarbon in air and obtains sooty flame. Give two reasons for this observation.
Answer : Sooty flame could be obtained due to
(i) Incomplete combustion of saturated hydrocarbons.
(ii) Combustion of unsaturated hydrocarbon.

 
Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
CBSE Class 10 Science Sustainable Management of Natural Resources Worksheet

Worksheet for CBSE Science Class 10 Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds

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