Carbon And Its Compounds Class 10 Science Assignment Pdf
Class 10 Science students should refer to the following printable assignment in Pdf for Carbon And Its Compounds in standard 10. This test paper with questions and answers for Grade 10 Science will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks
Class 10 Science Assignment for Carbon And Its Compounds
Question : What are isomers? Draw the structure of two isomers of butane C4H10.
Answer : The organic compounds having the same molecular formula but different structures are known as isomers. Isomers of butane C4H10.
Question : Name the functional group present in each of the following organic compounds.
(i) C2H5Cl (ii) C2H5OH
Answer : Functional group present in:
(i) C2H5Cl – chloro(halide) (ii) C2H5OH —- Alcohol
Question : Write the electron dot structure of ethane molecule, C2H4
Answer :
Question : Write the name and structure of an alcohol with three carbon atoms in its molecule.
Answer : Name of an alcohol: Propanol
Structure of propanol: H2C – CH2 – CH2 – OH
Question : Write the name and formula of the 2nd member of homologous series having general
Formula CnH2n.
Answer : CnH2n: alkene Name: propene(2nd member) formula: C3H6
Question : What are covalent compounds? Why are they different from ionic compound? List any Three characteristics properties.
Answer : (i) The chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms is known as a covalent bond. The molecules formed by sharing of electrons between two or more same atoms or between two or more non-metals are called covalent compound.
(ii)Covalent compounds are different from ionic compounds as ionic compounds are Formed by transfer of electrons.
Characteristics of covalent compound:
(i) Covalent compounds usually have low melting and boiling point because force Of attraction between molecules is very weak.
(ii) Covalent compounds are usually insoluble in water but they are soluble in organic compound.
(iii) Covalent compounds do not conduct electricity as they do not contain ions.
MCQ's
Very Answer Type Questions :
Question : Write the molecular formula of first two members of homologous series having functional group -Br.
Answer : CH3Br, C2H5Br
Question : Write the name and structure of an aldehyde with four carbon atoms in its molecule.
Answer :
Question : How are covalent bonds formed ?
Answer : Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons between the atoms.
Question : Write the molecular formula of the 2nd member of the homologous series where the first member is ethyne.
Answer : C3H4, C4H6
Question : Which element exhibits the property of catenation to maximum extent and why ?
Answer : Carbon, due to strong C—C bond.
Question : Write the molecular formula of first two members of homologous series having function group – Cl.
Ans. The molecular formula of first two consecutive members of this series is:
CH3Cl (Chloromethane)
C2H5Cl (Chloroethane)
Question : Name a cyclic unsaturated carbon compound.
Answer : Benzene.
Question : Write the name and structure of an alcohol with three carbon atoms in its molecule.
Answer : Propanol,
Question : What is a homologous series of carbon compounds ?
Answer : A homologous series is the family of organic compound having the same functional group, and the successive (adjacent) members of which differ by CH2 unit or 14 atomic mass unit.
Question : Write the molecular formula of the 2nd and the 3rd member of the homologous series whose first member is methane.
Answer :. Ethane (C2H6)
Propane (C3H8)
Question : Define catenation.
Answer : The property of self-linking of atoms of an element through covalent bonds in order to form straight chain, branched chains or cyclic chains of different sizes is called catenation.
Question : Write the next homologue of each of the following:
(i) C2H4
(ii) C4H6
Answer : (i) C3H6
(ii) C5H8
Question : Write the name and formula of the 2nd member of homologous series having general formula CnH2n.
Answer : Name: Propene
Formula: C3H6
Question : Name the following compounds:
(i) CH3—CH2—OH,
Answer : (i) Ethanol
Question : Write the name and structure of an aldehyde with four carbon atoms in its molecule.
Answer :
Question : Name the functional group present in propanone.
Answer : Ketone.
Question : Write the number of covalent bonds in the molecule of ethane.
Answer : Seven covalent bonds.
Question : Select saturated hydrocarbons from the followings:
C3H6 , C5H10 , C4H10 , C6H14 , C2H4
Answer : C4H10; C6H14.
Question : Write the molecular formula of the 2nd and 3rd member of the homologous series whose first member is ethene.
Answer : C3H6 and C4 H8
Question : Name the process of converting vegetable oil to vegetable ghee.
Answer : Hydrogenation.
Question : State the general formula of carboxylic acids.
Answer : The general formula of carboxylic acids is CnH2n+1COOH.
Short Answer Type Questions :
Question : Give reason why carbon can neither form C4+ cations nor C4– anions, but forms covalent compounds. Also, state the reason to explain why covalent compounds are bad conductors of electricity and have low melting and boiling points?
Answer : Carbon cannot form C4+ cation because removal of 4 electrons from a carbon atom would require a large amount of energy.
Carbon cannot form C4– anion because it would be difficult for the nucleus with 6 protons to hold on to 10 electrons.
Hence, carbon atoms share electrons forming covalent compounds.
Covalent compounds do not form ions/ charged particles and therefore do not conduct electricity.
Inter-molecular forces of attraction are weak, hence they have low melting and boiling points.
Question : An aldehyde as well as a ketone can be represented by the same molecular formula, say C3H6O. Write their structures and name them. State the scientific relation between the two.
Answer : (i) Propanal (aldehyde);
(iii) Isomers (same molecular formula but different structural formula/different functional group)
Question : Give a test that can be used to confirm the presence of carbon in a compound. With a valency of 4, how is carbon able to attain noble gas configuration in its compounds?
Answer : When carbon compound is burnt in the presence of oxygen, a gas is evolved. Gas evolved turns lime water milky.
By sharing its four valence electrons with other elements, carbon attains stable noble gas configuration.
Question : What are covalent compounds? How are they different from ionic compounds? List any two properties of covalent compounds.
Answer : The compounds that are formed due to sharing of electrons between two atoms/compounds having covalent bonds.
Ionic compounds are formed due to transfer of electrons from one atom to another/compounds having ionic bonds/compounds having attraction between oppositely charged ions
(i) They are poor conductors of electricity
(ii) They have low melting and boiling point.
Question : What is meant by isomers ? Draw the structure of two isomers of butane, C4H10. Explain why we cannot have isomers of first three members of alkane series.
Answer : Isomers are the compounds which have the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
Isomers of Butane:
We cannot have isomers of the first three members of the alkane series because of the following laws of isomers:
(i) The parent chain should have the most number of carbon atoms.
(ii) The branching cannot be done from the first and the last carbon atom of the structure.
Question : The number of carbon compounds is more than those formed by all other elements put together. Justify the statement by giving two reasons.
Answer : (i) Due to self linking ability of carbon/catenation.
(ii) Since carbon has a valency of four it can form bonds with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other monovalent element.
(iii) Due to small size of carbon it forms very strong and (or) stable bonds with other elements.
Question : (a) Why most of the carbon compounds are poor conductor of electricity ?
Answer : (a) Carbon compounds form covalent bonds/do not dissociate into ions/do not have charged particles (ions)/do not have free electrons.
Question : Draw the structures of the following compounds and identify the functional group present in them:
(i) Butanoic acid
(ii) Bromopropane
(iii) Butyne
Answer :
Question : What is a homologous series of carbon compounds?
Give an example and list its three characteristics.
Answer : A series of compounds in which the same functional group substitutes for hydrogen in a carbon chain is called a homologous series.
Example: Alkane / Alkene / Alkyne / Alcohol or any other one correct example.
Characteristics:
(i) They have same general formula.
(ii) They have same functional group.
(iii) The difference in the molecular mass of two successive member is 14u.
(iv) The difference in the molecular formula of two successive member is of CH2 unit.
(v) They have similar chemical properties.
Question : Which compounds are called (i) alkanes, (ii) alkenes and (iii) alkynes ? C4H10 belongs to which of these? Draw two structural isomers of this compound.
Answer : • Alkane
Saturated hydrocarbon with C–C single bond
• Alkene
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon with double bond in C=C
• Alkyne
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon with triple bond in C ≡ C
• Alkane
2 structural isomers
Question : Why are certain compounds called hydrocarbons ? Write the general formula for homologous series of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes and also draw the structure of the first member of each series. Write the name of the reaction that converts alkenes into alkanes and also write a chemical equation to show the necessary conditions for the reaction to occur.
Answer : The hydrocarbons are the compounds that consist of carbon and hydrogen.
The alkanes are known as the saturated hydrocarbons as they have compounds of carbon that are single bonded and has the general formula CnH2n+2
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons and are made up of compounds of carbon that are double bonded and has the general formula CnH2n.
Alkynes are also unsaturated hydrocarbons that are made up of compounds of carbon that are triple bonded and have a general formula CnH2n – 2
The structure of the first members of each series are as follows:
The hydrogenation reaction is a reaction that helps in converting unsaturated hydrocarbons to the saturated hydrocarbons. The conversion of alkenes to alkane is an example of hydrogenation reaction.
Question : What is methane ? Draw its electron dot structure. Name the type of bonds formed in this compound. Why are such compounds: (i) poor conductors of electricity and (ii) have low melting and boiling points ? What happens when this compound burns in oxygen ?
Answer : Methane is a colourless and highly flammable gas produced on decomposition of vegetation naturally in marshlands. It is the simplest hydrocarbon (CH4).
Electron dot structure:
All the bonds present between four hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom at the centre are covalent bonds.
(i) Methane is a poor conductor of electricity as all the bonds present are covalent bonds. Hence, no free electrons are available for conduction of electricity.
(ii) As force of attraction between the molecules are not very strong in covalently bonded carbon compounds, therefore, methane being a covalent compound has very low melting and boiling point.
When methane burns in oxygen, carbon dioxide, water and large amount of heat and light is released.
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + heat and light
CBSE Class 10 Science Chemical Reactions and Equations Assignment Set A |
CBSE Class 10 Science Chemistry Chemical Reactions and Equations Assignment |
CBSE Class 10 Physics The Human Eye And Its Colorful World Assignment |
CBSE Class 10 Science Human Eye and Colorful World Assignment Set A |
CBSE Class 10 Science Human Eye and Colorful World Assignment Set B |
CBSE Class 10 Physics Magnetic Effects of Electric Current Assignment |
CBSE Class 10 Science Biology Our Environment Assignment |
CBSE Class 10 Science Our Environment Assignment Set A |
CBSE Class 10 Science Our Environment Assignment Set B |
CBSE Class 10 Science Chemistry Acids Bases and Salts Assignment |
CBSE Class 10 Science Acids Bases and Salts Assignment Set A |
CBSE Class 10 Science Acids Bases and Salts Assignment Set B |
CBSE Class 10 Science Metals and Non Metals Assignment Set B |
CBSE Class 10 Science Chemistry Metals and Non Metals Assignment |
CBSE Class 10 Science Carbon and its compounds Assignment Set A |
CBSE Class 10 Science Carbon and its compounds Assignment Set B |
CBSE Class 10 Science Biology How do Organisms Reproduce Assignment |
CBSE Class 10 Science How do Organisms Reproduce Assignment Set A |
CBSE Class 10 Science Assignment |
CBSE Class 10 Science Assignments Collection |
CBSE Class 10 Science Energy Crossword Puzzle Assignment |