CBSE Class 10 Science Carbon and its compounds Assignment Set C

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Assignment for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon And Its Compound

Class 10 Science students should refer to the following printable assignment in Pdf for Chapter 4 Carbon And Its Compound in Class 10. This test paper with questions and answers for Class 10 Science will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

Chapter 4 Carbon And Its Compound Class 10 Science Assignment

Question : While studying the saponification reaction, what do you observe when you mix an equal amount of colourless vegetable oil and 20% aqueous solution of NaOH in a beaker ? 
(a) The colour of the mixture has become dark brown.
(b) A brisk effervescence is taking place in the beaker.
(c) The outer surface of the beaker has become hot.
(d) The outer surface of the beaker has become cold.
Answer : C 

Question : You have four test tubes A, B, C and D filled with aqueous solution of same concentration but of different salts. In A solution of NaCl, B solution of CaCl2, C solution of MgCl2 and D solution of KCl is filled. If you add equal amounts of a soap solution to each test tube and shake the contents well, in which of the test tubes will scum (insoluble substance) be obtained ? 
(a) A and B
(b) B and C
(c) C and D
(d) A and D
Answer : B

Question : Select the correct statement about the properties of acetic acid. 
(a) It smells like vinegar and turns red litmus to blue.
(b) It is insoluble in water and turns blue litmus to red.
(c) It is soluble in water and turns red litmus to blue.
(d) It smells like vinegar and turns blue litmus to red.
Answer : D

Question : You have neem oil in a beaker. In order to study saponification reaction, which of the following chemical substances would you add to this oil ?
(a) 20% Ca(OH)2
(b) 20% NaOH
(c) 30% Mg(OH)2
(d) 10% Ca(OH)2
Answer : B

Question : Some students studied the physical properties of acetic acid and noted down their observations. Which of the following observations is correct ?
(a) Smells like rose and soluble in water.
(b) Smells like burning plastic and insoluble in water.
(c) Smells like vinegar and soluble in water.
(d) Smells like rotten egg and soluble in water.
Answer : C

Question : A student wants to prepare soap in the laboratory. Which of the following sets of materials he should use ? 
(a) Neem oil and NaCl
(b) Neem oil and Na2CO3
(c) Mustard oil and NaOH
(d) Mineral oil and NaOH
Answer : C

Question : You are asked to prepare hard water in your laboratory.Select a group from the following groups of salts, any salt of which you may dissolve in distilled water to obtain hard water.
(a) NaCl; Na2SO4; KCl
(b) NaCl; CaCl2; KCl
(c) CaCl2; CaSO4; MgSO4
(d) Na2SO4; CaSO4; MgSO4.
Answer : C

Question : The chemical mostly used in the preparation of most of the soaps we use is : 
(a) Sodium chloride
(b) Potassium hydroxide
(c) Sodium hydroxide
(d) Potassium chloride
Answer : C

Question : A student is testing water to know which is best for cleansing purposes with soaps. He would find that the cleansing action of soaps is best when he uses water obtained from :
(a) rain
(b) tap
(c) hand pump
(d) pond
Answer : A

Question : Which of the following does not belong to the same homologous series ?
(a) CH2
(b) C2H6
(c) C3H8
(d) C4H8
Answer : D

Question : The name of the compound CH3— CH2— CHO is :
(a) Propanal
(b) Propanone
(c) Ethanol
(d) Ethanal
Answer : A

Question : The hetero-atoms present in
CH3 — CH2 — O — CH2 —CH2Cl is :
(i) Oxygen        (ii) Carbon
(iii) Hydrogen   (iv) Chlorine
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iv)
Answer : D

Question : The first member of alkyne homologous series is :
(a) Ethyne
(b) Ethene
(c) Propyne
(d) Methane
Answer : A

Question : The bond between two identical non-metallic atom has a pair of electron :
(a) unequally shared between two atoms.
(b) transferred completely from one atom to another.
(c) with identical spins.
(d) equally shared between them.
Answer : D

Question : Fill in the blanks
(a) The organic compounds having double or triple bonds in them are termed as .................. .
(b) Consecutive members of a homologous series differ by .................... group.
(c) .................. is the general formula of alkene.
Answer : (a) Unsaturated compounds, (b) — CH2, (c) CnH2n.

Question : Match the following
Column-I                   Column-II
(a) Cyclohexane       (i) CH3COOH
(b) Methanol             (ii) CH3Cl
(c) Acetaldehyde      (iii) CH2Cl2
(d) Ethanoic acid      (iv) CH3OH
                                 (v) C6H12
                                (vi) CH3CHO
Answer : (a) (v), (b) (iv), (c) (vi), (d) (i).

 
Question : Match the following with the correct response: 
Ma-14
a. 1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B
b. 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C
c. 1-C, 2-B, 3-D, 4-A
d. 1-A, 2-C, 3-B, 4-D
Answer : D
Explanation: Ionic bonds are formed between cations and anions. Catenation is the linkage of atoms of the same element into longer chains. Catenation occurs most readily in carbon. Pyridine is added to alcohol to make it unsuitable for drinking. Most of the synthetic detergents are nonbiodegradable. They cannot be decomposed by micro-organisms like the bacteria. 
 
Question : Hydrocarbon with molecular formula has: 
a. 10 covalent bonds
b. 7 covalent bonds
c. 13 covalent bonds
d. 6 covalent bonds
Answer : C
Explanation: Butane C4H10 has 3 C-C covalent bonds and 10 C-H covalent bonds. Thus, it has 13 covalent bonds. 
 

Very Short Answers 

Question : Write the molecular formula of the first two members of the homologous series having functional group –COOH.
Answer : HCOOH and CH3COOH

Question : Write the molecular formula of the first two members of the homologous series having functional group C = O.
Answer : CH3COCH3 and CH3COC2H5.

Question : Take about 3 ml of ethanol in a test tube and warm it gently in a water bath. What happens when 5% solution of alkaline potassium permanganate drop by drop is added to this ?
Answer : When potassium permanganate is added drop by drop then its colour disappears initially but more of it is added, the colour will remain as such.

Question : How does Acetic acid smells like ?
Answer : Acetic acid smells like vinegar.

Question : What will be formed when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate ?
Answer : Sodium ethanoate, water and carbon dioxide.

Question : Which element exhibits the property of catenation to maximum extent and why ?
Answer : Carbon exhibits the property of catenation to maximum extent because of strong C—C bond.

Question : Write the name and molecular formula of the fourth member of alkane series.
Answer :
Name : Butane,
Molecular Formula : C4H10.

Question : In three test tubes A, B and C, three different liquids namely, distilled water, underground water and distilled water in which a pinch of calcium sulphate is dissolved, respectively are taken. Equal amount of soap solution is added to each test tube and the contents are shaken. In which test tube will the length of the foam (lather) be longest ? Justify your answer.
Answer : Length of foam would be longest in test tube A. It is because it does not have any ions, so length of the foam would be longest.

Question : Write the molecular formula of the 2nd and the 3rd member of the homologous series whose first member is methane. 
Answer :
(a) Ethane C2H6
(b) Propane C3H8

Question : Write the molecular formula of the 2nd and 3rd member of the homologous series whose first member is ethene. 
Answer :
(a) Propene : C3H6
(b) Butene : C4H8

Question : Write the molecular formula of the 2nd and 3rd member of the homologous series where the first member is ethyne. 
Answer :
(a) CH3C ≡ CH (propyne), n = 3
(b) CH3CH2C ≡ CH (Butyne), n = 4

Question : Write the molecular formula of first two members of homologous series having functional group-Cl.
Answer : The general formula for the homologous series of functional group –Cl is CnH2n+1Cl.
(a) CH3Cl
(b) CH3CH2Cl

Question : Write the molecular formula of first two members of homologous series having functional group -Br.
Answer : General formula for the homologous series of Br group is CnH2 n + 1 Br.
(a) CH3Br (Bromomethane)
(b) CH3CH2Br (Bromoethane)

Question : Write the molecular formula of first two members of homologous series having functional group-OH.
Answer : The general formula for the homologous series of functional group-OH is CnH2n+1 OH
(a) CH3OH (Methanol)
(b) CH3H2OH (Ethanol)

Question : Name the black substance of pencil.
Answer : Graphite.

Question : Out of butter and ground nut oil , which is unsaturated in nature ?
Answer : Groundnut oil is unsaturated in nature.

Question : Which substance is added to denature ethyl alcohol ?
Answer : A small amount of methyl alcohol , pyridine or copper sulphate is added to denature ethyl alcohol.

Question : Why is fullerene so called ?
Answer : Fullerene is so called because it resembles the framework of dome shaped halls designed by American architect Buckminster fuller.

Question : Hard water do not produce foam with soap easily. Why ?
Answer : Due to the presence of calcium and potassium salts hard water does not produce foam with soap easily.

Question : Name the organic acid present in red ants. 
Answer : The acid produced by ants is called formic acid. 
 
Question : What is the common name of ethanoic acid? How ethanoic acid is different from vinegar? Give the use of vinegar in our daily life. 
Answer :  Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) is commonly known as acetic acid. The dilute solution of acetic acid in water (6-8%) is known as vinegar. The vinegar is used for preserving food sausage, pickles, etc. 
 

Short Answers

Question : Which compounds are called (a) alkanes, (b) alkenes and (c) alkynes ? C4H10 belongs to which of these ?
Draw two structural isomers of this compound.
Answer :
(a) The hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms are connected by only single covalent bonds are called alkanes.
(b) The hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms are connected by double bond are called alkene.
(c) The hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms are connected by triple bond are called alkynes. C4H10 belongs to alkane.
Structural Isomers of C4H10 :
CH3—CH2—CH2—CH3   CH3—CH—CH3
(i)                                         |
                                           CH3
                                           (ii)

Question :  Write the structural formula of ethanol. What happens when it is heated with excess of conc. H2SO4 at 443 K ?
Write the chemical equation for the reaction stating the role of conc. H2SO4 in this reaction.
Answer : Structural formula of ethanol is :
CH3CH2OH
When ethanol is heated with excess of conc. H2SO4 at 443 K it results in the dehydration of ethanol to give ethene.
                 Conc H2 SO4
CH3CH2OH       →          CH2 = CH2 + H2O
                     443K 
Ethanol                                 Ethene
Role of conc. H2SO4 : Conc. H2SO4 acts as a dehydrating agent which removes water from the ethanol.

Question : Distinguish between esterfication and saponification reaction with the help of the chemical equations for each. State one use of each (a) esters, and (b) saponification process. 
Answer : Esterification is opposite of saponification. In
esterification :
RCOOH + R’OH     Δ→   RCOOR’ + H2O
Whereas in saponification :
RCOOR’ + NaOH    →   RCOONa + R’OH
(a) Uses of Esters : Esters are used in making perfumes.
(b) Uses of saponification reaction : Used in making soaps and soap products on a large scale.

Question : Explain giving chemical equation, how are esters prepared? Specify any one property and one use of esters. 
Answer :  Ethyl ethanoate which is a ester of ethanoic acid and ethanol.
Ma-18
The process is called esterification.
 
 
Question : Why is the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid an oxidation reaction? 
Answer :  During the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid 1 oxygen atom is added to the ethanol to convert ethanoic acid. Addition of oxygen is nothing but oxidation. Hence, the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid called an oxidation reaction.
Ma-19 
 
 

Long Answers

 
Question : Name the following compounds. 
Answer :  According to the question, Given compounds are
 
Ma-20
 
Ma-21
 
 
 

Carbon and Its Compound Class 10 Science Notes and Questions

 

Two or more elements combine to form compound. There are two types of compounds - Organic Compound and Inorganic Compounds. Organic compounds are the one which are made up of carbon and hydrogen.

Covalent Bond

The bond formed by sharing a pair of electrons between two atoms are known as Covalent Bond. Carbon forms covalent bond. Carbon exists in two forms- as free state and as combined state. Free form of carbon is found in graphite, diamond and fullerene. In combined state, carbon exists as Carbon-dioxide, Glucose, Sugar etc.

Allotropes of Carbon

Different forms of an element that has same chemical properties but different physical properties are known as Allotropes. There are three allotropes of carbon- diamond, graphite and fullerene.

Diamond

Diamond exits as three-dimensional network with strong carbon-carbon covalent bonds. Diamond is hard in nature with high melting point. It shines in presence of light and it is a bad conductor of electricity. The most common use of diamond is in making jewellery. It is also used in cutting and drilling tools.

 Carbon and its Compound_1

Graphite

Graphite is made from weak van der wall forces. Each carbon atom is bonded with other three carbon atoms in order to form hexagonal rings. It serves as good conductor of heat and electricity. It is used as dry lubricant for machine parts as well as it is used in lead pencils.

Carbon and its Compound_2

Fullerene

It is a hollow cage which exits in the form of sphere. Its structure is similar to fullerene. But along with hexagonal rings, sometimes pentagonal or heptagonal rings are also present.

Carbon and its Compound_3

Two Important Properties of Carbon

Catenation and tetravalency are the two important properties of carbon. Catenation is a property of carbon by which carbon atoms can link one another via covalent bond and can form long chains, closed ring or branched chains etc. Carbon atoms can be linked by single, double or triple bonds. Carbon has a valency of 4 due to which it is known to have tetravalency. Due to this one carbon atom can bond with other 4 carbon atoms, with other atoms also such as Oxygen, Nitrogen etc.

Hydrocarbons

Compounds which are made up of carbon and hydrogen they are known as Hydrocarbons. There are two types of hydrocarbons found - Saturated Hydrocarbons and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Saturated Hydrocarbons consist of single bonds between the carbon atoms. For Example, Alkanes. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons represented by a formula, CnH2n+2.

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons are the one with double or triple bonds between the carbon atoms. For Example, Alkenes and Alkynes. Alkenes are represented as CnH2n whereas alkynes are represented as CnH2n-2. Some saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons are represented as -

Carbon and its Compound_4

Structure of hydrocarbons can be represented in the form of electron dot structure as well as open structures as shown below-

Carbon and its Compound_5

Carbon and its Compound_6

Carbons Compounds based on the basis of structure

Carbon Compounds can be classified as straight chain compounds, branched chain compounds and cyclic compounds.They are represented as -

Carbon and its Compound_7

Functional Groups

One of the hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon can be replaced by other atoms according to their valencies. The atoms which decides the properties of the carbon atoms, are known as Functional GroupsFor Example, Cl, Br, -OH, Aldehyde, Ketone, Carboxylic Acid etc.

Homologous Series

Series of compounds in which same functional group substitutes for the hydrogen atom in a chain of carbon.

Carbon and its Compound_8

Nomenclature of Carbon Compounds

  • First of all, identify the number of carbon atoms in compounds. And in it identify the longest chain
  • Then functional group can be indicated by suffix or prefix.
  • Cyclic hydrocarbon is designated by prefix cyclo.
  • If there are two or more different substituents they are listed in alphabetical order
  • If the same substituent occurs more than once, the location of each point on which the substituent occurs is given

Carbon and its Compound_9

Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds

Combustion

Carbon along with its compound is used as a fuel as it burns in presence of oxygen to release energy. Saturated hydrocarbons produce blue and non-sooty flame whereas unsaturated hydrocarbons produce yellow sooty flame.

CH+ 2O→ CO+ 2H2O

Oxidation

Alcohol can be oxidized to aldehydes whereas aldehydes in turn can be oxidized to carboxylic acid. Oxidizing agent such as potassium permanganate can be used for oxidation.

Carbon and its Compound_11

Addition Reaction

Hydrogenation of vegetable oil is an example of addition reaction. Addition of hydrogen in presence of catalyst such as nickel or palladium. This converts oil into ghee.

Carbon and its Compound_12

Substitution Reaction

When one atom in hydrocarbon is replaced by chlorine, bromine, etc. this is known as Substitution Reaction.

Carbon and its Compound_13

Important Carbon Compounds: Ethanol and Ethanoic Acid

Ethanol is a volatile liquid with low melting point. It reacts with sodium to form sodium ethoxide.

Carbon and its Compound_14

This above reaction is used to test the presence of ethanol by the evolution of hydrogen gas.

Dehydration of ethanol in presence of hot sulphuric acid forms alkene.

Carbon and its Compound_15

Ethanoic acid is a colourless liquid. When pure ethanoic acid freeze like ice, it is known as Glacial Acetic Acid. It is formed at a temperature of about 16.6 degree centigrade

Ethanoic Acid/Acetic acid when reacts with ethanol it forms an ester. Ester can be identified by its sweet smell.

Carbon and its Compound_16

Reaction of ester with strong base is used to form soap. This is known as Saponification. Acetic acid also reacts with strong base to form sodium acetate and water.

NaOH + CH3COOH + CH3COONa + H2O

Soaps and Detergents

Sodium or potassium salt of carboxylic acid is known as Soap. They work most effectively in soap water. Detergents are sulphonate or ammonium salt of long chain of carboxylic acid. They can work effectively on soft as well as hard water.

Cleansing Action of Soaps and Detergents

Cleansing action of soaps and detergents is due to ability to minimize the surface tension of water, to emulsify oil or grease and to hold them in a suspension of water. When soap dissolves in water, it forms soap anions and soap cations. The hydrophobic part of soaps and detergents are soluble in grease and hydrophilic part is soluble in water.

Soap and Micelle Formation

When dirt and grease are mixed with soap water, soap molecules arrange them in tiny clusters known as Micelle. The hydrophilic part sticks to the water and form outer surface of the micelle and hydrophobic part binds to oil and grease.

Carbon and its Compound_18

Chapter 01 Chemical Reactions and Equations
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CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon And Its Compound Assignment

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