CBSE Class 10 Science Sustainable Management of Natural Resources Assignment Set C

Read and download free pdf of CBSE Class 10 Science Sustainable Management of Natural Resources Assignment Set C. Get printable school Assignments for Class 10 Science. Class 10 students should practise questions and answers given here for Chapter 16 Sustainable Management Of Natural Resources Science in Class 10 which will help them to strengthen their understanding of all important topics. Students should also download free pdf of Printable Worksheets for Class 10 Science prepared as per the latest books and syllabus issued by NCERT, CBSE, KVS and do problems daily to score better marks in tests and examinations

Assignment for Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management Of Natural Resources

Class 10 Science students should refer to the following printable assignment in Pdf for Chapter 16 Sustainable Management Of Natural Resources in Class 10. This test paper with questions and answers for Class 10 Science will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

Chapter 16 Sustainable Management Of Natural Resources Class 10 Science Assignment

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Question : The concept of ‘Biosphere Reserve’ was evolved by 
a. Government of India
b. Botanical Survey of India
c. UNESCO
d. UNDP
Answer : C
Explanation: Biosphere reserves, a particularly flexible form of protected area, is the centerpiece of UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Program.
A biosphere reserve is a unique kind of protected area that differs from a national park, wilderness area, national forest, or wildlife refuge in having three very different, but equal, aims: conservation of genetic resources, species, and ecosystems; scientific research and monitoring; and promoting sustainable development in communities of the surrounding region. All three of these aims are equally important in a biosphere reserve.
 
Question : Which of the following is not the source of CFCs 
a. Refrigerators
b. Automobile discharge
c. Aerosol sprays
d. Fire – extinguisher
Answer : B
Explanation: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are anthropogenic compounds that have been released into the atmosphere since the 1930s in various applications such as in air-conditioning, refrigeration, blowing agents in foams, insulations and packing materials, propellants in aerosol cans, and as solvents. Automobile discharge is the source of Hydrocarbons. These pollutants react with nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight to form ground level ozone, a primary ingredient in smog.
 
Question : Which of the following is an exhaustible natural resource? 
a. minerals
b. air
c. solar radiation
d. water
Answer : A
Explanation: Minerals are exhaustible natural resources. The large scale exploitation of minerals started with the begining of Industrial revolution and is growing since then.
 
Question : Which product is formed when Co combines with haemoglobin? 
a. All of these
b. Carboxy – hemoglobin
c. Oxyhemoglobin
d. Carbaminoglobin
Answer : B
Explanation: Carboxyhemoglobin is a stable complex of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin (Hb) that forms in red blood cells upon contact with carbon monoxide (CO).
 
Question : Which of the following is called as “Biodiversity hot spots” 
a. Desert
b. Ocean
c. Lake
d. Forest
Answer : D
Explanation: Forest serves as the reservoir of biodiversity containing different species of plants, animals and all other sorts of living organisms.Biodiversity hotspot is termed to the specific forests consisting of richest diversity of species including most rare and prior to extinct species.

Very Short Answers

Question. Name two fossil fuels.
Answer : Coal, oil, and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels.

Question. Name the major programme started to replenish forests.
Answer : Silviculture

Question. Apart from the availability of forest products, name two other things which are affected by the destruction of forests.
Answer : Solution. Apart from the availability of forest products, habitat of wild animals and soil conservation also get affected due to the destruction of forests.

Question. Name the rivers with which the following dams are associated :
(a) Tehri Dam (b) Sardar Sarovar Dam (c) Bhakra Dam
Answer : a) Bhagirathi river or River Ganga
b) Narmada river.
c) Sutlej river.

Question. Name two factors which can be used to find whether river water has been contaminated.
Answer : Factors that can be used to determine the contamination of the river water are the measurement of pH of the water and the presence of coliform bacteria in the water.

Question. Name the bacteria whose presence in water indicates the contamination with disease-causing micro-organisms.
Answer : coliform bacteria

Question. With which process are the following ancient structures associated ? Kulhs, Eris, Surangams, Kattas, Pynes
Answer : Kulhs, Eris, Surangams, Kattas, Pynes are associated with rainwater harvesting.

Question. Which fossil fuel is conserved :
(a) when we save on electricity ?
(b) when we use bicycle for covering short distances instead of a motorbike ?
Answer : (a) Coal (b) Petroleum

Question. What is the main purpose of rainwater harvesting ?
Answer : The main purpose of rainwater harvesting is to save and conserve water for future use.

Question. What is the name of the process in which rainwater falling on the earth is stopped from flowing and made to percolate into the ground ?
Answer : Rainwater harvesting

Question. Name the most common practice of recharging ground water.
Answer : Rainwater harvesting

Question. The pH of a river water sample as measured by pH paper is found to be 6. What does it tell us about water ?
Answer : Water is polluted with acidic wastes

Question. Name the person who is most remembered for the protection of Khejri trees in Rajasthan.
Answer : Amrita Devi Bishnoi

Question. State whether the following statement is true or false : Chipko Andolan was associated with the conservation of wild animals such as tigers and lions.
Answer : False

Question. Write any two ways that you can suggest at home to save water which is a valuable resource?
Answer : (i) Use bucket instead of shower.
(ii) Use mug for shaving or washing hands instead of running water.
(iii) Get repaired all type of leakage in water pipes

Question. State the main purpose of water harvesting management and mention the source which fills the ponds besides harvesting structures.
Answer : Water harvesting management will recharge ground water and raise underground water level. Monsoon
rain also fills the ponds beside harvesting structures

Question. Give two uses of coal.
Answer : (i) Coal is used as a fuel.
(ii) It is used to make coke which acts as reducing agents.

Question. List any two advantages associated with water stored in the ground.
Answer : Two advantages of water stored in the ground are:
(i) Recharges the ground water. (ii) Prevents evaporation of water.

Question. Industrialisation are one of the major causes of deforestation. State two reasons.
Answer : (i) Industries consider forest produce as a raw material.
(ii) They are not keen for sustainability of forest which is essential for getting raw materials for long time.

Question. We often observe domestic waste decomposing in the by lanes of our homes. List two ways to make the residents aware that the improper disposal of wastes is harmful to the environment and also for their own health.
Answer : (i) Distributing leaflets to residents
(ii) Calling meeting and organising waste disposal system.

Question. In what ways poor tribals are affected by dam development projects?
Answer : (i) Poor tribals lose their fertile land which they use for their livelihood.
(ii) They lose their residences and are alloted new places where they start their life all over again

Question. List two measures to conserve the natural resources of the environment.
Answer : (i) Maintain green grassy patches between concrete building
(ii) Use more of environment friendly (biodegradable) materials.

Question. What is water harvesting? What is its importance?
Answer : Water harvesting is a technique to catch every drop that falls on land as rain or snow to recharge ground water. It helps in conservation of soil and water in order to increase biomass production

Question. Though the Kulhads are made up of clay which is an ecofriendly substances but their use has been continued in the trains these days. Explain two reasons which lead to discontinuance of this practice.
Answer : (i) Use of clay for making Kulhards removes top fertile soil.
(ii) Reuse of Kulhard is unhygnic.

Question. What will happen if biodiversity of an area is not preserved? Mention one effect of it.
Answer : Loss of biodiversity will lead to ecological imbalance, e.g. on cutting trees in forest, lions, tigers will not get food and enter human population and will harm them.

Question. Mention the steps taken by west Bengal Govt. to protect badly degraded sal forests.
Answer : (i) Involvement of local people by giving employment in silviculture and harvesting operation.
(ii) Collection of fuel, wood and fodder by paying nominal fees

Question. “We need to manage our resources”. List two reasons to justify this statement.
Answer : (i) Fossil fuels are limited. Their use must be reduced to meet future needs.
(ii) Plant more trees to prevent air pollution and soil erosion. Trees absorb noise and keep the area cool.

Question. Write the full names of (a) CFL, and (b) CFC.
Answer : CFL- It is a fluorescent light bulb that has been compressed into the size of a standard-issue incandescent light bulb. CFC- It is a kind of gas that is used in things such as aerosols and refrigerators. It creates a side effect in our environment as it damages the ozone layer. Full form of CFC- ChloroFluoroCarbon.

Question :  What is the name of bacteria found in human intestine and also present in Ganges water? 
Answer : Coliform bacteria found in human intestine and also present in Ganges water.
 
Question : What is natural resource? 
Answer : Any natural component of the environment that can be utilized by man for his welfare is called natural resource.
 
Question : How is the increase in demand for energy affecting atmosphere adversely? 
Answer : Increased population leads to increasing demand of energy which leads to excessive consumption of fossil fuels and releases a lot of polluting gases, some of which are causing global warming and also producing acid rain. 
 
Question :  List a few natural resources. 
Answer : Land, soil, water, forest, grassland.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question : How would these advantages differ from the advantages of using a long-term prospective in managing our resources? 
Answer :  Here is not the matter of the usage for long term or short term. But the internal thing is management and using of resources. We are using these for just self benefit and using them excess amount without control land management. This practice definitely consume our resources in shot time. So if we manage or control wisely, our will also take its advantage. 
 
Question : Why is there a need to ban the use of polythene bags? 
Answer : Polythene bags are non- biodegradable, they are not decomposed by micro-organisms hence remain in the environment for long period of time &, cause environmental pollution. Also burning of polythene bags produces toxic gases. Thusdisposal of poythene bags poses a great environmental hazard.

Question : What changes can you make in your habits to become more environment-friendly?
Answer :  (i) Walk or go to school on bicycle if it is not far way. If it is far away use Metro or school bus instead of personal car.
(ii) Switch off car engine at red light.
(iii) Recycle all items which can be recycled.
(iv) Reuse the discarded items if possible.
(v) Reduce the use of non-renewable sources of energy, e.g. solar energy can be used for heating water.

Question : Explain how would the involvement of local people be useful for successful management of forests.
Answer :  The involvement of local people will be useful for the successful management of forests in the following ways:
(i) They should be aware of the fact that diminishing forest cover would disturb the ecological balance.
If they show their objection against any such illegal activity that would destroy the forests, it can lead to a massive effect that will help in management of forests more effectively as it happened during Chipko Andolan.
(ii) Phenomenon forest fires must be reported immediately to the forest officers. The sooner the action is taken, more the area will be protected. Forest fires purposely caused by local people must not be practiced.

Question : What is sustainable management? Why is reuse considered better in comparison to recycle?
Answer :  Sustainable management is a resource management technique which aims to conserve the resources and use them efficiently to avoid their misuse for individual purposes such that they are conserved for the future.
Reuse is better than recycle because of the following reasons:
(i) Recycling needs some processes to use the same material again.
(ii) Reuse saves energy by using material again without any changes.
(iii) Reuse prevents environmental pollution by not creating any waste.
(iv) Reuse saves cost as same material is used again without any process

Question : Management of forest and wild life resources is a very challenging task. Why? Give any two reasons.
Answer :  Management of forest and wildlife resources is considered as a challenging task because:
(i) There are many stakeholders of forest. They are those people who are directly or indirectly involved in forest. Management of forest and wildlife has to take into account the interests of all these stakeholders which become a challenging task.
(ii) Industries would consider the forest as merely a source of raw material for its factories and huge interest-groups lobby the government for access to these raw materials at artificially low rates which further poses a challenge to manage the forest and wildlife resources

Question : Why do we need to resort to water harvesting when we can just collect rain water and use it?
Answer :  Collecting rain water in water bodies is possible only in rainy season but retaining it throughout the year may not be possible as it will evaporate. It may also get contaminated and mosquitoes may also breed in it. Groundwater recharged due to water harvesting will be cleaner and available throughout the year.

Question : After the examination Rakesh with his friends went on a picnic to a nearby park. All friends carried cooked food packed in plastic bags or plastic cans. After eating the food some friends collected the leftover food and plastic bags etc and planned to dispose them off by burning. Rakesh immediately checked them and suggested to segregate the leftover food and peels of fruits from the plastic materials and respectively dispose them off separately in the green and blue dustbins placed in the corner of the park.
(i) In your opinion, is burning plastic an eco-friendly method of waste disposal? Why? State the advantage of method suggested by Rakesh.
(ii) How can we contribute in maintaining the parks and roads neat and clean?
Answer :  (i) No, burning plastic creates lot of pollution and has health hazards.
Rakesh separated biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes which saves time and energy for separation in green and blue dustbins respectively. Green dustbin waste is sent to compost forming unit or waste to energy conversion plant whereas wastes from blue dust bin is sent for recycling.
(iii) We should not throw anything in the park. We should not use polythene.

Question : Why is sustainable management of natural resources necessary? Why is reuse better as compared to recycle?
Answer :  Natural resources are an integral part of our life. As some resources are exhaustible, non-judicious use of such resources will lead to their depletion and ultimate banishment, which will affect the life on Earth. By sustainable use of these natural resources, we are able to conserve our environment. Hence, sustainable management of resources is very necessary.
Reuse is better than recycle because
(i) Recycling needs some energy consuming processes to use the same material again.
(ii) Reuse saves energy by using material again without any change.
(iii) Reuse prevents environmental pollution by not creating any waste.
(iv) It also saves cost as same material is used again without any processing.

Question : What is sustainable developmental? State its two main objectives.
Answer :  The development which can be maintained for a long time without causing any damage to the environment is called sustainable development.
Two objectives are:
(i) The purpose is to provide comfortable life to people and future generation.
(ii) It helps to meet present needs and also saves resources for future needs e.g. metro trains are making sustainable development for people in Delhi and other states.

Question : Why should we conserve forests and wild life?
Answer :  (i) Forests purify the air and also prevent pollution of air.
(ii) Forests regulate the climate by maintaining the level of rainfall necessary for their own existence.
(iii) Forests also provide rubber, wood, timber, fuel, wood, paper, fodder, gum, resin, kattha, edible fruits and medicinal plants for industries as well as local people.
(iv) Forests serve as a source of income to tribal societies even today

Question : State two advantages of conserving ( ) forests, (ii) wild life.
Answer :  There are innumerable advantages of conserving forests, such as:
(i) It supports life, helps in maintaining the quality of air, water and basic essentials of existence of life.
(ii) Stability in soil is possible by trees. It enables the land based plants and animals to live.
(iii) Forests also supply raw materials to many industries, such as wood, spices, medicinal herbs, etc.
Advantages of conserving wildlife:
(i) It helps in maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity.
(ii) We depend upon wildlife for food, clothing, medicines and many other products.

Question : What is the meaning of Chipko Movement? Who started it? State any three objectives of starting it?
Answer :  Chipko movement i.e. “hug the trees movement” is one of the movements in India to conserve biodiversity and to end the alienation of people from their forests which started in March 1973. Sunder lal Bahuguna of Tehri and Chandi Prasad Bhatt of Gopeshwar are prominent leaders of this movement. It was Sunderlal Bahugana who was able to transfer ecological perspective to Chipko Movement are:
(i) To protect existing forest cover.
(ii) Afforestation
(iii) To utilize forest wealth keeping in mind its conservation.
(iv) Leaders of Chipko movement believes in food, fodder, fuel, fertilizers and fibers

Question : What is meant by wildlife? How is it important for us?
Answer :  All the living forms, including both plants and animals that live in their natural environment, i.e. forests is wildlife.
Wildlife is of great importance for us:
(i) It maintains the ecological balance of the nature.
(ii) It provides us with many useful resources

Question : What are ’biodiversity hot spots’? What is the measure of biodiversity in an area? How is it being affected?
Answer :  Forests are a store house of biodiversity (hotspots of biodiversity). One measure of biodiversity of an area is the types and number of species found there. Biodiversity of an area is being affected by destruction of forests

Question : Suggest some approaches towards the conservation of forests
Answer :  Following steps should be taken to conserve forests:
(i) Silviculture is one of the major programme started to replenish forests. Some of the benefits achieved through this programme are
• It has helped in preserving the environment by bringing more and more area under forests
• It produces large quantities of raw materials for various industries
(ii) Afforestation should be there in the areas which are unfit for agriculture, along the highways and rivers
(iii) Awareness programme should be there. A special programme of tree plantation called Van Mahotsava is held every year in our country. It should be made more popular.

Question : What are the advantages of groundwater over surface water?
Answer :  The advantages of groundwater over surface water are:
(i) Ground water does not evaporate.
(ii) Spreads out to recharge wells, provides moisture to vegetation over a wide area.
(iii) It does not provide breeding ground for mosquitoes like stagnant water.
(iv) It is protected from contamination and pollution by human and animal waste

Question : What were main reasons behind ‘Ganga Action Plan’ which was initiated in 1985? What values can be learnt from such plans?
Answer :  Main aims of Ganga Action Plan were:
(i) To improve quality of river water
(ii) To check growth of E.coli bacteria and other micro-organism.
(iii) To prevent disposal of industrial, domestic, sewage waste.
(iv) To prevent immersion dead remains of humanbeings.
Values:
(i) Conservation of most important natural resource i.e. water.
(ii) Preservation of cultural values
(iii) Cleanliness

Question : What are the advantages of cloth bags over plastic bags during shopping? 
Answer :  Cloth bags are
a. made of biodegradable material.
b. do not pollute our environment.
c. can be reused over and over again.
 
Question : What changes can you make in your habits to become more environment friendly 
Answer :   Changes in habits to become environment friendly.
i. Check your careless habit of wasting. Save water by repairing leaking taps.
ii. Switch off unnecessary lights and fans.
iii. Do not waste food.
iv. Say 'No' to plastic bags, disposable plastic cups and other forms of plastic crockery.
v. Reuse the things again and again. Instead of throwing away envelopes, you can reverse it and use it again. 

Long Answers

Question : What is afforestation? List the programmes carried out under this scheme. 
Answer :   Afforestation: Looking at the rapid destruction rate of forest, National agriculture commission started a scheme in 1976 called social forestry. Under this scheme such trees were to be planted which give the fuel wood to the local people, fodder for their animals, tools for agriculture, some teak for making houses and minor forest produce etc.
Many afforestation programmes have been taken in hand by central and state governments.
i. Social Forestry Programme (1976): It requires raising trees for fuel wood, fodder, agricultural implements and fruits on public and common lands for the benefit of rural community. The programme is aimed at reducing the demand on existing forests needed for soil and water conservation.
ii. Agroforestry Programme: It is aimed at reviving the ancient practice of using the same land for farming, forestry and animal hunbandry.
iii. Urban forestry programme: It is aimed at growing ornamental and fruit trees in urban areas along roads, in private compounds and in common parks. 
 
Question : Suggest your views on the traditional systems of water harvesting. 
Answer :  In recent years, the crisis of water has been faced by many parts of our country. Thus, there is a greater need for surface water collection, storage, treatment and supply at the household level for domestic use. Many indigenous water saving methods have been used by local communities to capture water. In different parts of our country, traditional methods of rainwater harvesting is practiced in different ways:
In Madhya Pradesh, check dams, tanks and community lift irrigation schemes were used to overcome drought. As a result, food production got increased by 38% between 1990 and 1995.
In Andhra Pradesh also, percolation tanks and check dams were constructed to overcome drought. Even in Maharashtra, drought-prone areas were converted to green land by percolation tanks.
In Jodhpur (Rajasthan), Gramin Vigyan Vikas Samiti motivated people to build storage tanks. Water harvesting techniques are highly specific for specific areas and the benefits are also localized. These days, rooftop rainwater harvesting is practiced. It is a method of direct collection of rainwater on the rooftop of buildings, houses as well as those of industries buildings. The rainwater collected can be stored for direct use or can be allowed to reach under the ground. Once the water reaches the groundwater table is raised. It is thus, a solution to the problem of depleting groundwater.
Kulhs are the traditional irrigation system used in Himachal Pradesh by diverting water from natural flowing streams by making surface channels.
 

VALUE BASED QUESTION

Question. Meena is always in a hurry. She just gulps her food quickly and rushes out to play badminton with her friend. Moreover, she is fond of eating junk food such as burgers and pizzas. Meena hates to eat fresh green vegetables and prefers only pulses (dal). Meena usually complains of stomach ache while playing.
Meena looks pale, feels very weak and tires easily. Her nails are turning white and she has also started losing weight.
(a) What could probably be the reason for Meena’s stomach ache while playing ?
(b) What is the harm of eating too much junk food ?
(c) Name the disease Meena is suffering from which makes her look pale, feel very weak and tired, and lose weight.
(d) What is the cause of Meena’s disease ?
(e) How does this disease affect Meena ? Explain.
(f) What advice would you give to Meena to get rid of all the ailments described above ?
Answer : (a) One of the probable reasons for the stomach ache of Meena while playing could be that she gulps her
food in big chunks (without chewing) just before going to play. The big chunks of food could hit the
stomach wall while playing and cause stomach ache.
(b) Junk food does not make a balanced diet. Junk food lacks many essential nutrients leading to somedefi ciency diseases.
(c) Meena is suffering from a disease called ‘anaemia’.
(d) The cause of Meena’s disease anaemia is the deficiency of haemoglobin in her blood which comes from the deficiency of iron mineral in her diet (because iron mineral is essential for making haemoglobin).
(e) The function of haemoglobin is to carry oxygen in the body. Due to deficiency of haemoglobin (caused by lack of iron in diet), the blood of Meena is not able to carry sufficient oxygen to all the body cells to meet their requirements of oxidation of food and production of energy. In this way, deficiency of haemoglobin results in the production of less energy for Meena. Since she has less energy than needed, she feels weak, tired and loses weight. The deficiency of red coloured haemoglobin also makes her look pale and turns
her nails white (instead of red).
(f) (i) Meena should chew her food properly while eating and convert it into as small particles as possible.
This will also help in mixing saliva with food for proper digestion. In this way, her stomach ache maydis appear.
(ii) Meena should avoid eating too much of junk food. It may cause deficiency diseases and also lead to obesity. 
(iii) Meena should include spinach (palak, saag), other green leafy vegetables, apples, etc., in her diet because all these food items contain a good amount of iron mineral. This will cure anaemia.

Question. Raman’s 50 year old ailing uncle Vinod was admitted to a hospital. The doctors performed many blood tests and found that the blood of Vinod contained some unwanted wastes in it. These wastes had accumulated in blood due to non-functioning of a pair of vital organs in the body of Vinod. The doctors suggested two options for the treatment of Vinod so as to save his life. Raman is a student of class X who has studied various life processes in detail. So, he could easily make out the ailment his uncle was suffering from.
(a) What could be the pair of organs of Vinod which were not functioning properly ? Where are these organs located in the body ?
(b) What is the function of these organs ?
(c) Name the major waste which is removed by these organs from the blood.
(d) Name the ailment (or disease) Vinod is suffering from.
(e) What could be the two options for the treatment of Vinod ?
(f) What advice Raman could give to others so as to prevent such an ailment ?
Answer : (a) The pair of organs of Vinod which were not functioning properly are the two kidneys. The kidneys are bean-shaped organs towards the back of our body, just above the waist.
(b) The function of kidneys is to remove the poisonous substance urea, other waste salts, and excess water from the blood and excrete them in the form of a yellowish liquid called urine.
(c) Urea.
(d) Vinod is suffering from ‘kidney failure’.
(e) The two options available to Vinod for the treatment of his ailment are :
(i) Dialysis (in which the dirty blood of kidney patient containing unwanted wastes is cleaned periodically by passing through a kidney machine), and
(ii) Kidney transplant (in which the matching kidney donated by a healthy person is transplanted in place of damaged kidney by surgical operation).
(f) Kidneys can usually be damaged by continued high blood pressure (called hypertension), and also by very high blood sugar (called diabetes). So, the general advice given by Raman to others so as to prevent kidney ailment would be :
(i) Keep your blood pressure under control.
(ii) Keep your blood sugar (diabetes) under control.
(iii) Get the kidney functioning test done from time to time.

Question. Rashmi lives alone in Delhi. Her house is near a main road where heavy traffic plies all day and night.
The construction activities for building a huge commercial complex are also in full swing near her house.
Rashmi had to go to America for six months. She was worried about her beautiful houseplants kept on terrace. She gave the keys of her house to a neighbour and requested her to water the plants daily. The neighbour kept her promise and watered the plants daily (because there was no rain at all during those six months). When Rashmi returned after six months, she found that most of the plants had pest infestations and diseases. The plants had become very weak and unhealthy. Rashmi could not understand why, even after regular watering, the plants were in a very bad shape. One day Rashmi’s niece Laxmi, who is a student of class X, came to meet her. Rashmi told her problem to Laxmi. Laxmi examined theplants c arefully and came to know what the problem was. She explained everything to Rashmi and gave advice to restore the good health of these plants.
(a) What had happened to the plants kept on the terrace when Rashmi was away for six months ?
(b) Which process in plants could not take place at optimal level due to the above happening ? Explain.
(c) Why had the plants become weak and caught pests and diseases ?
(d) What advice was given by Laxmi to Rashmi to restore the good health of these plants ?
(e) Which natural process/processes perform the similar functions which Rashmi was told to perform ?
Answer : (a) A lot of dust had deposited on both sides of leaves of plants and covered them.
(b) The process of photosynthesis (food making) could not take place at optimal level due to thick layer of dust on the leaves. This happened as follows : The layer of dust on the leaves blocks the sunlight and reduces the leaves’ ability to carry out photosynthesis to make food for the plant. Even the stomata on the surface of leaves get blocked reducing the intake of carbon dioxide from surrounding air. This further retards photosynthesis.
(c) Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their own food. Since photosynthesis was reduced, the plants did not get sufficient food to remain healthy. The plants became weak and hence prone to pests and diseases.
(d) Laxmi advised Rashmi to wash the leaves of houseplants by spraying water on them, so as to remove the thick layer of dust from them.
(e) (i) The rain usually washes away the dust from the leaves of plants and trees and makes them dust-free.
(ii) The fast blowing wind shakes the leaves of plants and trees and also helps in removing dust from them.

Question. John is a 50 year old man. He was complaining of pain in the abdominal area for the last few days. He went to a hospital where doctors performed an ultrasound scan on him. The ultrasound scan showed the presence of a number of tiny stones in the sac-shaped organ on the underside of the liver. The doctors performed a keyhole surgery on John and removed the sac-shaped organ from his body alongwith tiny stones. John got immediate relief from pain.
(a) What is the sac-shaped organ beneath the liver known as ?
(b) What liquid does this sac-shaped organ contain ?
(c) What are the functions of the liquid contained in this sac-shaped organ ?
(d) Why do you think it is possible to remove this sac-shaped organ containing stones but the kidneys having stones cannot be removed ?
(e) What advice would you give to John regarding his diet ?
Answer : (a) The sac-shaped organ beneath the liver is known as ‘gall bladder’.
(b) Gall bladder stores bile (until needed for digestion). Bile is a greenish-yellow liquid made and secreted by the liver.
(c) Bile is alkaline and contains salts which help to emulsify or break the fats (or lipids) present in food. Bile performs two functions :
(i) Bile makes the partially digested acidic food coming from the stomach alkaline so that pancreatic enzymes can act on it.
(ii) Bile salts break the fats (or oils) present in food into small globules making it easy for the enzymes to act and digest them.
(d) Gall bladder is not a vital organ of our body, so our body can cope well without it. But kidneys are vital organs of our body, so our body cannot function properly without them.
(e) John should avoid eating oily food (or fried food). He should also avoid eating spicy food.

Question Bhushan noticed that his sister Seema had developed swollen neck. Being a science student of class 10, Bhushan knew the reason that causes the neck of a person to swell up. Bhushan asked his mother which type of common salt she purchases from the market for cooking food. The mother told Bhushan that she never checked the brand or contents of the common salt packet. She purchased whatever common salt shopkeeper gave her. Bhushan then went to the market himself and purchased a special type of common salt. He asked his mother to always use this salt in preparing food for the whole family. When Bhushan’s sister was taken to a doctor, he confirmed what Bhushan had in mind. The doctor also advised his sister and everyone else in the family to use a special type of salt to prevent such a condition.
(a) Name the disease which Seema is suffering from ?
(b) What causes this disease ?
(c) Which part of endocrine system is involved in this disease ? What happens to this part during the occurrence of this disease ?
(d) What type of salt was recommended by Bhushan and doctor for the whole family ? Why was this salt recommended ?
(e) Why does this disease occur more in hilly areas but not at all in coastal areas ?
(f) What values are displayed by Bhushan in this episode ?
Answer : (a) Seema is suffering from a disease called ‘goitre’.
(b) Goitre disease is caused by the deficiency of iodine mineral in the diet.
(c) Thyroid gland of the endocrine system is involved in this disease. Due to the deficiency of iodine in the diet, thyroid gland is not able to make sufficient amount of iodine-containing hormone called ‘thyroxine’.
And due to the deficiency of thyroxine hormone, thyroid gland present in the neck of Seema enlarges too much, causing the neck to swell too much.
(d) Bhushan and the doctor both recommended iodised common salt or iodised salt (which contains anappropriate amount of iodine mineral). This was done to make up for the  deficiency of iodine (and that of thyroxine hormone) in the body to prevent goitre.
(e) Goitre disease occurs more in hilly areas because the soil (in which food is grown), and water in hilly areas is deficient in iodine mineral. Goitre disease does not occur at all in coastal areas (or sea-side areas) because the people of coastal areas eat a lot of sea food (sea fish, etc.) which contains a good amount of iodine.
(f) The values displayed by Bhushan in this episode are (i) Awareness (or knowledge) that goitre disease develops due to the deficiency of iodine in the diet and can be prevented by using iodised salt, and (ii) Concern to protect his family from goitre disease by using iodised salt in cooking food.

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