CBSE Class 10 Science Biology Sustainable Management of Natural Resources Assignment

Very Short Answers

Question. Name two fossil fuels.
Answer : Coal, oil, and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels.

Question. Name the major programme started to replenish forests.
Answer : Silviculture

Question. Apart from the availability of forest products, name two other things which are affected by the destruction of forests.
Answer : Solution. Apart from the availability of forest products, habitat of wild animals and soil conservation also get affected due to the destruction of forests.

Question. Name the rivers with which the following dams are associated :
(a) Tehri Dam (b) Sardar Sarovar Dam (c) Bhakra Dam
Answer : a) Bhagirathi river or River Ganga
b) Narmada river.
c) Sutlej river.

Question. Name two factors which can be used to find whether river water has been contaminated.
Answer : Factors that can be used to determine the contamination of the river water are the measurement of pH of the water and the presence of coliform bacteria in the water.

Question. Name the bacteria whose presence in water indicates the contamination with disease-causing micro-organisms.
Answer : coliform bacteria

Question. With which process are the following ancient structures associated ? Kulhs, Eris, Surangams, Kattas, Pynes
Answer : Kulhs, Eris, Surangams, Kattas, Pynes are associated with rainwater harvesting.

Question. Which fossil fuel is conserved :
(a) when we save on electricity ?
(b) when we use bicycle for covering short distances instead of a motorbike ?
Answer : (a) Coal (b) Petroleum

Question. What is the main purpose of rainwater harvesting ?
Answer : The main purpose of rainwater harvesting is to save and conserve water for future use.

Question. What is the name of the process in which rainwater falling on the earth is stopped from flowing and made to percolate into the ground ?
Answer : Rainwater harvesting

Question. Name the most common practice of recharging ground water.
Answer : Rainwater harvesting

Question. The pH of a river water sample as measured by pH paper is found to be 6. What does it tell us about water ?
Answer : Water is polluted with acidic wastes

Question. Name the person who is most remembered for the protection of Khejri trees in Rajasthan.
Answer : Amrita Devi Bishnoi

Question. State whether the following statement is true or false : Chipko Andolan was associated with the conservation of wild animals such as tigers and lions.
Answer : False

Question. Write the full names of (a) CFL, and (b) CFC.
Answer : CFL- It is a fluorescent light bulb that has been compressed into the size of a standard-issue incandescent light bulb. CFC- It is a kind of gas that is used in things such as aerosols and refrigerators. It creates a side effect in our environment as it damages the ozone layer. Full form of CFC- ChloroFluoroCarbon.

Short Answers

Long Answers

VALUE BASED QUESTION

Question. Meena is always in a hurry. She just gulps her food quickly and rushes out to play badminton with her friend. Moreover, she is fond of eating junk food such as burgers and pizzas. Meena hates to eat fresh green vegetables and prefers only pulses (dal). Meena usually complains of stomach ache while playing.
Meena looks pale, feels very weak and tires easily. Her nails are turning white and she has also started losing weight.
(a) What could probably be the reason for Meena’s stomach ache while playing ?
(b) What is the harm of eating too much junk food ?
(c) Name the disease Meena is suffering from which makes her look pale, feel very weak and tired, and lose weight.
(d) What is the cause of Meena’s disease ?
(e) How does this disease affect Meena ? Explain.
(f) What advice would you give to Meena to get rid of all the ailments described above ?
Answer : (a) One of the probable reasons for the stomach ache of Meena while playing could be that she gulps her
food in big chunks (without chewing) just before going to play. The big chunks of food could hit the
stomach wall while playing and cause stomach ache.
(b) Junk food does not make a balanced diet. Junk food lacks many essential nutrients leading to somedefi ciency diseases.
(c) Meena is suffering from a disease called ‘anaemia’.
(d) The cause of Meena’s disease anaemia is the deficiency of haemoglobin in her blood which comes from the deficiency of iron mineral in her diet (because iron mineral is essential for making haemoglobin).
(e) The function of haemoglobin is to carry oxygen in the body. Due to deficiency of haemoglobin (caused by lack of iron in diet), the blood of Meena is not able to carry sufficient oxygen to all the body cells to meet their requirements of oxidation of food and production of energy. In this way, deficiency of haemoglobin results in the production of less energy for Meena. Since she has less energy than needed, she feels weak, tired and loses weight. The deficiency of red coloured haemoglobin also makes her look pale and turns
her nails white (instead of red).
(f) (i) Meena should chew her food properly while eating and convert it into as small particles as possible.
This will also help in mixing saliva with food for proper digestion. In this way, her stomach ache maydis appear.
(ii) Meena should avoid eating too much of junk food. It may cause deficiency diseases and also lead to obesity. 
(iii) Meena should include spinach (palak, saag), other green leafy vegetables, apples, etc., in her diet because all these food items contain a good amount of iron mineral. This will cure anaemia.

Question. Raman’s 50 year old ailing uncle Vinod was admitted to a hospital. The doctors performed many blood tests and found that the blood of Vinod contained some unwanted wastes in it. These wastes had accumulated in blood due to non-functioning of a pair of vital organs in the body of Vinod. The doctors suggested two options for the treatment of Vinod so as to save his life. Raman is a student of class X who has studied various life processes in detail. So, he could easily make out the ailment his uncle was suffering from.
(a) What could be the pair of organs of Vinod which were not functioning properly ? Where are these organs located in the body ?
(b) What is the function of these organs ?
(c) Name the major waste which is removed by these organs from the blood.
(d) Name the ailment (or disease) Vinod is suffering from.
(e) What could be the two options for the treatment of Vinod ?
(f) What advice Raman could give to others so as to prevent such an ailment ?
Answer : (a) The pair of organs of Vinod which were not functioning properly are the two kidneys. The kidneys are bean-shaped organs towards the back of our body, just above the waist.
(b) The function of kidneys is to remove the poisonous substance urea, other waste salts, and excess water from the blood and excrete them in the form of a yellowish liquid called urine.
(c) Urea.
(d) Vinod is suffering from ‘kidney failure’.
(e) The two options available to Vinod for the treatment of his ailment are :
(i) Dialysis (in which the dirty blood of kidney patient containing unwanted wastes is cleaned periodically by passing through a kidney machine), and
(ii) Kidney transplant (in which the matching kidney donated by a healthy person is transplanted in place of damaged kidney by surgical operation).
(f) Kidneys can usually be damaged by continued high blood pressure (called hypertension), and also by very high blood sugar (called diabetes). So, the general advice given by Raman to others so as to prevent kidney ailment would be :
(i) Keep your blood pressure under control.
(ii) Keep your blood sugar (diabetes) under control.
(iii) Get the kidney functioning test done from time to time.

Question. Rashmi lives alone in Delhi. Her house is near a main road where heavy traffic plies all day and night.
The construction activities for building a huge commercial complex are also in full swing near her house.
Rashmi had to go to America for six months. She was worried about her beautiful houseplants kept on terrace. She gave the keys of her house to a neighbour and requested her to water the plants daily. The neighbour kept her promise and watered the plants daily (because there was no rain at all during those six months). When Rashmi returned after six months, she found that most of the plants had pest infestations and diseases. The plants had become very weak and unhealthy. Rashmi could not understand why, even after regular watering, the plants were in a very bad shape. One day Rashmi’s niece Laxmi, who is a student of class X, came to meet her. Rashmi told her problem to Laxmi. Laxmi examined theplants c arefully and came to know what the problem was. She explained everything to Rashmi and gave advice to restore the good health of these plants.
(a) What had happened to the plants kept on the terrace when Rashmi was away for six months ?
(b) Which process in plants could not take place at optimal level due to the above happening ? Explain.
(c) Why had the plants become weak and caught pests and diseases ?
(d) What advice was given by Laxmi to Rashmi to restore the good health of these plants ?
(e) Which natural process/processes perform the similar functions which Rashmi was told to perform ?
Answer : (a) A lot of dust had deposited on both sides of leaves of plants and covered them.
(b) The process of photosynthesis (food making) could not take place at optimal level due to thick layer of dust on the leaves. This happened as follows : The layer of dust on the leaves blocks the sunlight and reduces the leaves’ ability to carry out photosynthesis to make food for the plant. Even the stomata on the surface of leaves get blocked reducing the intake of carbon dioxide from surrounding air. This further retards photosynthesis.
(c) Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their own food. Since photosynthesis was reduced, the plants did not get sufficient food to remain healthy. The plants became weak and hence prone to pests and diseases.
(d) Laxmi advised Rashmi to wash the leaves of houseplants by spraying water on them, so as to remove the thick layer of dust from them.
(e) (i) The rain usually washes away the dust from the leaves of plants and trees and makes them dust-free.
(ii) The fast blowing wind shakes the leaves of plants and trees and also helps in removing dust from them.

Question. John is a 50 year old man. He was complaining of pain in the abdominal area for the last few days. He went to a hospital where doctors performed an ultrasound scan on him. The ultrasound scan showed the presence of a number of tiny stones in the sac-shaped organ on the underside of the liver. The doctors performed a keyhole surgery on John and removed the sac-shaped organ from his body alongwith tiny stones. John got immediate relief from pain.
(a) What is the sac-shaped organ beneath the liver known as ?
(b) What liquid does this sac-shaped organ contain ?
(c) What are the functions of the liquid contained in this sac-shaped organ ?
(d) Why do you think it is possible to remove this sac-shaped organ containing stones but the kidneys having stones cannot be removed ?
(e) What advice would you give to John regarding his diet ?
Answer : (a) The sac-shaped organ beneath the liver is known as ‘gall bladder’.
(b) Gall bladder stores bile (until needed for digestion). Bile is a greenish-yellow liquid made and secreted by the liver.
(c) Bile is alkaline and contains salts which help to emulsify or break the fats (or lipids) present in food. Bile performs two functions :
(i) Bile makes the partially digested acidic food coming from the stomach alkaline so that pancreatic enzymes can act on it.
(ii) Bile salts break the fats (or oils) present in food into small globules making it easy for the enzymes to act and digest them.
(d) Gall bladder is not a vital organ of our body, so our body can cope well without it. But kidneys are vital organs of our body, so our body cannot function properly without them.
(e) John should avoid eating oily food (or fried food). He should also avoid eating spicy food.

Question Bhushan noticed that his sister Seema had developed swollen neck. Being a science student of class 10, Bhushan knew the reason that causes the neck of a person to swell up. Bhushan asked his mother which type of common salt she purchases from the market for cooking food. The mother told Bhushan that she never checked the brand or contents of the common salt packet. She purchased whatever common salt shopkeeper gave her. Bhushan then went to the market himself and purchased a special type of common salt. He asked his mother to always use this salt in preparing food for the whole family. When Bhushan’s sister was taken to a doctor, he confirmed what Bhushan had in mind. The doctor also advised his sister and everyone else in the family to use a special type of salt to prevent such a condition.
(a) Name the disease which Seema is suffering from ?
(b) What causes this disease ?
(c) Which part of endocrine system is involved in this disease ? What happens to this part during the occurrence of this disease ?
(d) What type of salt was recommended by Bhushan and doctor for the whole family ? Why was this salt recommended ?
(e) Why does this disease occur more in hilly areas but not at all in coastal areas ?
(f) What values are displayed by Bhushan in this episode ?
Answer : (a) Seema is suffering from a disease called ‘goitre’.
(b) Goitre disease is caused by the deficiency of iodine mineral in the diet.
(c) Thyroid gland of the endocrine system is involved in this disease. Due to the deficiency of iodine in the diet, thyroid gland is not able to make sufficient amount of iodine-containing hormone called ‘thyroxine’.
And due to the deficiency of thyroxine hormone, thyroid gland present in the neck of Seema enlarges too much, causing the neck to swell too much.
(d) Bhushan and the doctor both recommended iodised common salt or iodised salt (which contains anappropriate amount of iodine mineral). This was done to make up for the  deficiency of iodine (and that of thyroxine hormone) in the body to prevent goitre.
(e) Goitre disease occurs more in hilly areas because the soil (in which food is grown), and water in hilly areas is deficient in iodine mineral. Goitre disease does not occur at all in coastal areas (or sea-side areas) because the people of coastal areas eat a lot of sea food (sea fish, etc.) which contains a good amount of iodine.
(f) The values displayed by Bhushan in this episode are (i) Awareness (or knowledge) that goitre disease develops due to the deficiency of iodine in the diet and can be prevented by using iodised salt, and (ii) Concern to protect his family from goitre disease by using iodised salt in cooking food.