CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Thermodynamics Notes Set D

CBSE Class 11 Chemistry-Thermodynamics. Learning the important concepts is very important for every student to get better marks in examinations. The concepts should be clear which will help in faster learning. The attached concepts made as per NCERT and CBSE pattern will help the student to understand the chapter and score better marks in the examinations. For more study material for Chemistry please click here - important questions for class 11 chemistry state board.

6.Thermodynamics 

Some Important Points and Terms of the Chapter

1.  System and the Surroundings: A system in thermodynamics refers to thatpart of universe in which observations are made and remaining universe constitutes the surroundings. The surroundings include everything other than the system. System and the surroundings together constitute theuniverse. The wall that separates the system from the surroundings is called boundary

2.  Types of the System:

•  Open System: In an open system, there is exchange of energy and matter between system and surroundings.

•  Closed System In a closed system, there is no exchange of matter, but exchange of energy is possible between system and the surroundings.

•  Isolated system :In an isolated system, there is no exchange ofenergy or matter between the system and the surroundings

3.  State of a System: The state of a system means the condition of the system which is described in terms of certain observable properties such as temp(T), pressure(p), volume (v), etc. of the systems. These properties of a system are called state variables. 

4.  State Functions: A physical quantity is solid to be state functions of its value depends only upon the state of the system and does not depend upon the path by which this state has been attained.

5.   Internal Energy: a quantity which represents the total energy of the system. It may be chemical, electrical and mechanical or any other type of energy you may think of, the sum of all these is the energy of the system. In thermodynamics, we call it the internal energy, U of the system. 

6.  Isothermal Process:  When a process is carried out in such a manner that the temp remains constant throughout this process, it is called an isothermal process. 

7.  Adiabatic Process:  Process is carried out in such a manner that no heat can flow from the system to the surrounding or vice versa. 

8.  Isochoric Process:  Process during which the volume of the system is kept constant. 

9.  Isobaric Process:  Process during which the pressure of the system is kept constant. .

10.  The positive sign expresses that Work (w_ad) is positive when work is done on the system. Similarly, if the work is done by the system,wad will be negative.

11.   The q is positive, when heat is transferred from the surroundings to the system and q is negative when heat is transferred from system to the surroundings.

12.  First law of Thermodynamics: Statement: Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, however it may be converted from one form to another.orThe total energy of the universe remains constant although it may undergo transformation from one to another. Mathematical expression = ∆ U = q + w 

13.  A process or change is said to be reversible, if a change is brought out in such a way that the process could, at any moment, be reversed by an infinitesimal change. A reversible process proceeds infinitely slowly by a series of equilibrium states such that system and the surroundings are always in near equilibrium with each other. Processes other than reversible processes are known as irreversible processes.

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