CBSE Class XI Geography

Download Class 11 Geography NCERT Solutions, easy to learn study notes for all chapters, NCERT books and latest solved sample papers and past year question papers with solutions. All study material has been prepared as per the latest syllabus, guidelines and blueprints issued by CBSE and NCERT

CBSE Class 11 Geography Syllabus and Examination Structure

Part/Unit

Topic or Chapter

Marks

Part A

Fundamentals of Physical Geography

35

Unit-1

Geography as a discipline

 

Unit-2

The Earth

 

Unit-3

Landforms

 

Unit-4

Climate

 

Unit-5

Water (Oceans) - OTBA

 

Unit-6

Life on the Earth

 

 

Map and Diagram

5

Part B

India - Physical Environment

35

Unit-7

Introduction

 

Unit-8

Physiography

 

Unit-9

Climate, vegetation and soil

 

Unit-10

Natural hazards and Disasters

 

 

Map and Diagram 

5

Part C

Practical Work

30

Unit-1

Fundamentals of Maps

10 

Unit-2

Topographic and Weather Maps

15 

 

Practical Record Book and Viva

class_11_geography_notes_ncert_solutions_books
Part A: Fundamentals of Physical Geography

Unit-1: Geography as a Discipline

  • Geography as an integrating discipline, as a science of spatial attributes.
  • Branches of Geography; Physical Geography and Human Geography.
  • Scope and Career Options

Unit-2: The Earth

  • Origin and evolution of the earth; Interior of the earth.
  • Wegener's continental drift theory and plate tectonics.
  • Earthquakes and volcanoes: causes, types and effects.

Unit-3: Landforms

  • Rocks: major types of rocks and their characteristics.
  • Landforms and their evolution.
  • Geomorphic processes: weathering, mass wasting, erosion and deposition; soil-formation.

Unit 4: Climate

  • Atmosphere- composition and structure; elements of weather and climate.
  • Insolation-angle of incidence and distribution; heat budget of the earth-heating and cooling of atmosphere (conduction, convection, terrestrial radiation and advection); temperature- factors controlling temperature; distribution of temperature-horizontal and vertical; inversion of temperature.
  • Pressure-pressure belts; winds-planetary, seasonal and local; air masses and fronts; tropical and extratropical cyclones.
  • Precipitation-evaporation; condensation-dew, frost, fog, mist and cloud; rainfall-types and world distribution.
  • World climates-classification (Koeppen and Thornthwaite), Global warming and climatic changes.
  • Climate and Global Concerns.

Unit 5: Hydrosphere

  • Basics of Oceanography
  • Oceans - distribution of temperature and salinity.
  • Movements of ocean water-waves, tides and currents; submarine reliefs.
  • Ocean resources and pollution.

Unit 6: Biosphere

  • Biosphere - importance of plants and other organisms; biodiversity and conservation; ecosystem and ecological balance.

Map work on identification of features based on 1 to 6 units on the outline/Physical/Political map of the world.


Part - B: India - Physical Environment

Unit-7: Introduction

  • Location, space relations, India's place in the world.

Unit-8: Physiography 

  • Structure and Relief; Physiographic Divisions.
  • Drainage systems: Concept of river basins, Watershed; the Himalayan and the Peninsular rivers.

Unit-9: Climate, Vegetation and Soil

  • Weather and climate - spatial and temporal distribution of temperature, pressure winds and rainfall, Indian monsoon: mechanism, onset and withdrawal, variability of rainfalls: spatial and temporal; use of weather charts; Climatic types (Koeppen).
  • Natural vegetation-forest types and distribution; wild life; conservation; biosphere reserves.
  • Soils - major types (ICAR's classification) and their distribution, soil degradation and conservation.

Unit-10: Hazards and Disasters: Causes, Consequences and Management

  • Floods, Cloudbursts
  • Droughts: types and impact
  • Earthquakes and Tsunami
  • Cyclones: features and impact
  • Landslides

Map Work of features based on above units for locating and labelling on the Outline/Political/Physical map of India.


Part - C: Practical Work

Unit-1: Fundamentals of Maps

  • Geo spatial data, Concept of Geographical data matrix; Point, line, area data.
  • Maps - types; scales-types; construction of simple linear scale, measuring distance; finding direction and use of symbols.
  • Map projection - Latitude, longitude and time, typology, construction and properties of projection: Conical with one standard parallel and Mercator's projection. (only two projections)

Unit 2: Topographic and Weather Maps

  • Study of topographic maps (1:50,000 or 1:25,000 Survey of India maps); contour cross section and identification of landforms-slopes, hills, valleys, waterfall, cliffs; distribution of settlements.
  • Aerial Photographs: Types and Geometry-vertical aerial photographs; difference between maps and aerial photographs; photo scale determination. Identification of physical and cultural features.
  • Satellite imageries, stages in remote sensing data-acquisition, platform and sensors and data products, (photographic and digital).
  • Use of weather instruments: thermometer, wet and dry-bulb thermometer, barometer, wind vane, rain gauge.