CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Thermodynamics Notes Set 03

Revision Notes for Class 11 Chemistry: Chapter 05 Thermodynamics

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Review Chapter 05 Thermodynamics for Class 11 Chemistry

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Class: XI

Chapter: Thermodynamics

Top concepts

1. The branch of science which deals with study of different forms of energy and their interconversion is called thermodynamics.

2. A system in thermodynamics refers to that part of universe in which observations are made.

3. The remaining portion of universe which is not part of system constitutes the surroundings. The surroundings include everything other than the system.

4. The wall (real or imaginary) that separates the system from the surroundings is called boundary. 

5. Types of the System

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6. The state of a thermodynamic system is described by its measurable or macroscopic (bulk) properties. The state of the surroundings can never be completely specified.

7. State variables are the measurable properties of system required to describe the state of the system. Examples are temperature, pressure, volume etc. 

8. Various types of processes 

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CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Notes - Thermodynamics 1

 

9. Every substance possesses definite amount of energy which depends on factors such as chemical nature, temperature and pressure etc.Internal energy, U of the system represents the total energy of the system

 

10. Work done in a adiabatic process and sign convention

CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Notes - Thermodynamics 2

 

12. First Law of Thermodynamics: ΔU = q + w

 

13. First law of thermodynamics is also called as law of conservation of energy i.e. energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It also states that the energy of an isolated system is constant.

 

14.Absolute value of the internal energy can never be determined only change in internal energy can be determined.

 

15.A process or change is said to be reversible, if a change is brought out in such a way that the process could, at any moment, be reversed by an infinitesimal change.

 

16.For an isothermal reversible process

CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Notes - Thermodynamics 3

 

17.For isothermal irreversible change  ex f i q= -w =pex  (Vf -Vi)

 

18.Expansion of a gas in vacuum (pex = 0) is called free expansion. No work is done during free expansion of an ideal gas whether the process is reversible or irreversible
 
19.For adiabatic change, q = 0 and ΔU = wad
 
20.The enthalpy of a system may be defined as the sum of the internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume. It is denoted by the symbol H and is given by H = U + PV
 
21.Change in enthalpy ΔH =ΔU + pΔV
 
22.Enthalpy change and sign convention

CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Notes - Thermodynamics 4

23.An extensive property is a property whose value depends on the quantity or size of matter present in the system. Examples are mass, volume, internal energy, enthalpy, heat capacity, etc
 
24.An intensive property is a property whose value does not depend on the quantity or size of matter present in the system. Examples are temperature, density, pressure etc.
 
25.Specific heat, also called specific heat capacity is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius (or one Kelvin).
 
26.Relation between amount of heat, q, required to raise the temperatures of a sample, specific heat of the substance, c and change in temperatures is given as q = mc ΔT = CΔT
 
27.At constant pressure as  qp = Cp  ΔT =Δ H
 
28. At constant volume as  qV = C V T =Δ U
 
29. For a mole of an ideal gas, C p -C v = R
 
30. Calorimetry is an experimental technique that helps determining
energy changes associated with chemical or physical processes
 
31.The enthalpy change accompanying a reaction is called the reaction enthalpy (Δ r H )
Δ r H= (sum of enthalpies of products)- (sum of enthalpies of reactants)
 
32.The standard enthalpy of reaction is the enthalpy change for a reaction when all the participating substances are in their standard states. The standard state of a substance at a specified temperature is its pure form at pressure of 1 bar.
 
33.Different types of enthalpy
CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Notes - Thermodynamics 5
CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Notes - Thermodynamics 6

 

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Study Material and Revision Notes for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 05 Thermodynamics

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