1. HEALTH AND ITS IMPORTANCE
The word health cames from the word ‘hal’ which means ‘whole’. Health is a state of well-being of an organism or part of one, characterized by normal function and unattended disease. The World Health Organisation (W.H.O.) defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.
Food is required by all living organisms for their survival, maintenance, growth and development.
The various components of food such as protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins have specific function in the body and are required in specific amounts. Good dietary habits lead to sound health and good mental development.
2. COMMUNITY HEALTH AND PERSONAL CARE
Community health can be defined as ‘the personal health along with the services for the importance of health of the community.
Community health care services are being provided in many part of our country which are provided by the establishment of health care services such as primary health centres, district hospital, communicty health centres, medical colleges, All India Institudes and Regional hospital. Their functions are :-
(1) to provide safe and clean drinking water.
(2) to provide safe and efficient methods of disposla of wastes and garbades
(3) to provide proper means of cleaning the areas around the human settlements and developing green open spaces such as public park, gardens and play grounds that provide clean air and atmosphere, thus preventing breeding of harmful insects.
(4) providing family planning advices and services
(5) providing medical aid to people and vaccination to the children and immunisation of children against a number of diseases such as tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles, heptities fuberculosis.
(6) providing health education and medical care to school going children.
(7) preventing food adulterations
(8) and different type of environmental pullution is managed by Central and State Pollution Control Boards.
BASIC ACTIVITIES OF HEALTH CENTRES
I. Medical Care
(a) Treatent and hospitalization of sick persons.
(b) Referral for specialized treatment in other hospitals.
II. Health education
(a) Through personal contact.
(b) Through audio-visual and printed media.
III. Collection and cross-checkign of vital statistics
IV. Environmental sanitation
(a) Self water supply
(b) Waste disposal through compost pits, soak pits, kitchen gardens, latrines, and smoke-less chullah.
(c) Prevention of brading of isect vectors.
Food is required by all living organisms for their survival, maintenance, growth and development. The various components of food such as protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins have specific function in the body and are required in specific amounts. Good dietary habits lead to sound health and good mental development.
2. COMMUNITY HEALTH AND PERSONAL CARE
Community health can be defined as ‘the personal health along with the services for the importance of health of the community.
Community health care services are being provided in many part of our country which are provided by the establishment of health care services such as primary health centres, district hospital, communicty health centres, medical colleges, All India Institudes and Regional hospital. Their functions are :-
(1) to provide safe and clean drinking water.
(2) to provide safe and efficient methods of disposla of wastes and garbades
(3) to provide proper means of cleaning the areas around the human settlements and developing green open spaces such as public park, gardens and play grounds that provide clean air and atmosphere, thus preventing breeding of harmful insects.
(4) providing family planning advices and services
(5) providing medical aid to people and vaccination to the children and immunisation of children against a number of diseases such as tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles, heptities fuberculosis.
(6) providing health education and medical care to school going children.
(7) preventing food adulterations
(8) and different type of environmental pullution is managed by Central and State Pollution Control Boards.
BASIC ACTIVITIES OF HEALTH CENTRES
I. Medical Care
(a) Treatent and hospitalization of sick persons.
(b) Referral for specialized treatment in other hospitals.
II. Health education
(a) Through personal contact.
(b) Through audio-visual and printed media.
III. Collection and cross-checkign of vital statistics
IV. Environmental sanitation
(a) Self water supply
(b) Waste disposal through compost pits, soak pits, kitchen gardens, latrines, and smoke-less chullah.
(c) Prevention of brading of isect vectors.
(d) Prevention of air pollution
V. Prevention and control of communicable diseases.
(a) Vaccination against whooping cough, diphtheria, tuberculosis, tetanus, polio and cholea.
(b) Eradication of malaria
(c) Control of leprosy, trachoma and other communicable diseases.
(d) Supervision of food and milk trade.
VI. Material and child health and family planning.
(a) Routine examination of pregnant mothers.
(b) Delivery of child, infant and postnatal care.
(c) Visit and immunization.
(d) Family planning advice and services.
3. CONDITIONS FOR GOOD HEALTH
3.1 (a) Proper Nutrition : A well balanced diet with proper nutrients is essential to keep our body health.
The process of procurement of nutrients necessary for growth, development, maintenance and activities of a living organism is called nutrition. The food provide energy for performing different function and the food may be obtained from various plants and animals. The different organs system need energy for doing specific function such as pumping of heart, nerve conduction and breathing. Thus energy is required even while sleeping and energy requirement depends on individuals age and special need. Growing children and pregnant women and nursing mothers need more energy.
(b) Proper habits : Maintenance of good health includes proper dietary and eating habits. Care must also been taken about domestic hygiene like cleaning of utensils, keeping food closed, washign hands before eating. avoiding tobacco chewing, smoking cigarettes and alcohol consumption.
4. EXERCISE AND RELAXATION
Regular exercise is necessary to keep one’s body and mind fit. the exercixe may vary with age, physical condition, and nature of work of an individual. To sedentary worker exercise is more
essential. The next aspect of health is regular sleep and relaxation. The duration of sleep also varies with age and nature of work of an individual. Infants required long hours of sleep for their growth and for children an average of eight hours of sounc sleep and for adults six hours of sleep is sufficient but they should be regular and adequate and undisturbed. Proper relazation or recreation is also necessary to get relief from daily strain and keep good mental health. Relaxation is defined as an activity or recreation whcih provides of relief or diversion from work or efforts. Relaxation improves the capacity to work. The various ways of relaxation are yoga, meditation, reading magazines and listening to music all of which relaxes the body and mind.
5. COMPONENTS OF FOOD
The components of food ar ecertain organic substances and certain minerals called nutrients.
Nutrients of foof are (1) Carbohydrates (2) Proteins (3) Fats (4) Vitamins and (5) Minerals.
Besides these roughage (dietary fibre) and water are also essential for the body. Different foods are grouped on the basis of the nutrients contained in them and their functions in the body. The three board group of foods are : (1) Energy giving foods (2) Body building foods and (3) Protective foods
(a) Self water supply
(b) Waste disposal through compost pits, soak pits, kitchen gardens, latrines, and smoke-less chullah.
(c) Prevention of brading of isect vectors.
(d) Prevention of air pollution.
