NEET Biology Important Terms Definition Glossary Set 01

Official Full Course Biology Revision Material: NEET Biology Important Terms Definition Glossary Set 01

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Chapter-wise Concept Summaries: Important Terms

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Acetyl CoA                 Small, water-soluble metabolite comprising an acetyl group linked to coenzyme A (CoA).

Active site                 Region of an enzyme molecule where the substrate binds and undergoes a catalyzed reaction.

Akinetes                    Thick walled, dormant, non motile asexual spores.

Aleurone                   Outer layer of the endosperm

Anamorph                 Asexual or imperfect state of fungi

Anisogamy                Fusion of morphologically and physiologically dissimilar gametes

Apogamy                   Formation of sporophyte from the gametophytic tissue without the fusion of gametes.

Apospory                   Development of the gametophyte from the sporophyte without the formation of spores

Balausto                    Fleshy in dehiscent fruit

Basal body                Structure at the base of cilia and flagella from which microtubules forming the axoneme radiate

Biosphere                  The region of earth on which life exist

Buffer                        A solution of the acid and base form of a compound that undergoes little change in pH when small quantities of strong acid or base are added.

Carcinogen                Any chemical or physical agent that can cause cancer when cells or organism s are exposed to it.

Chemotaxonomy       Classification based on the biochemical constituents of plants

Clades                       Group of species comprising common ancestor and its descendants

Cladistics                  Methodology used to classify organisms into monophyletic group

Codon                       Sequence of three nucleotides in DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid during protein synthesis; also called triplet

Coenocytic                condition Aseptate, multinucleate condition

Dalton                       Unit of molecular mass approximately equal to the mass of a hydrogen atom (1.66 × 10−24 g)

Endosperm               Nutritive tissue for the embryo

Endospore                Thick walled, resting spores

Eusporangiate          Sporangium formed from a group of initials

Fossil                        The remains or impression of plant or animal of the past geological age

Gametophyte            The haploid plant body

Genome                    Complete set of genes in an organism

Germ                         Protein rich embryo

Heterospory               Production of spores of different sizes: megaspores and microspores

Karyogamy                 Fusion of nucleus

Karyotype                   Number, sizes, and shapes of the entire set of metaphase chromosomes of a eukaryotic cell.

Km                              A parameter that describes the affinity of an enzyme for its substrate and equals the substrate concentration that yields the half-maximal reaction rate;
 
Leptosporangiate        Sporangium formed from a single initial

Merosity                      Number of parts per whorls

Microgreens                 Young vegetable greens add flavour in culinary

Monograph                  Complete account of a taxon of any rank

Monosulcate                Pollen grain with single furrow or pores

Mycobank                    Online database documenting new mycological names

Nucleoid                       Genetic material of bacterium

Oogamy                        Fusion of morphologically and physiologically dissimilar gametes

Parthenocarphy           Fruit developed without fertilization

Pendulous                    Hanging downward loosely or freely (like catkin)

Petrifaction                  A process of fossil formation through infiltration of minerals over a long period

pH                                 A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter

Phylogeny                    Evolution of group of organisms

Pistillode                      Sterile pistil

Plasmogamy                 Fusion of cytoplasm

Pluriocular                    An ovary with two or more locus

Prophage                      The integrated phage DNA with host DNA

Protologue                   Set of information associated with the scientific name of a taxon at its first valid publication containing the entire original material regarding the taxon

Rachilla                        Central axis of a spikelet

Sporophyte                   Diploid plant body

Teloemorph                  Sexual or perfect state of the fungi

Thallospores                 Asedual spores formed due to the fragmentation of hyphae

Triplicate                       Pollen grain with three furrows or pores

X-Ray crystallography        Most commonly used technique for determining the three-dimensional structure of macromolecules (particularly proteins and nucleic acids) by passing x-rays

Zoospore                              Motile, asexual spores

Zygospore                            Thick walled diploid resting spores
 
 
 
 

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