NEET Botany Reproductive Morphology Chapter Notes

Read the NEET Botany Reproductive Morphology Chapter Notes right here in PDF format. Our Full Course Reproduction in Flowering Plants revision notes follow the updated 2026-27 syllabus rules and are written by experienced teachers. They simplify tricky chapters and emphasize essential definitions, making them ideal for Full Course test revision.

Download Full Course Reproduction in Flowering Plants Reproduction in Flowering Plants Notes

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Full Course Reproduction in Flowering Plants Reproduction in Flowering Plants Concept Notes

Learning Objectives

The learner will be able to,
• List the types of inflorescence.
• Distinguish racemose and cymose inflorescence
• Dissect a flower and explore the parts of a flower.
• Compare various types of aestivation.
• Explore various types of placentation.
• Understands the types of fruits and seeds
 
Chapter Outline
 
4.1. Inflorescence
4.2. Flower
4.3. Accessory organs
4.4. Androecium
4.5. Gynoecium
4.6. Construction of floral diagram
and floral formula
4.7. Fruits
4.8. Seed
 
NEET Botany Reproductive Morphology Chapter Notes

 

a. Kurinji (Strobilanthus kunthianus),

 

b. Mullai (Jasminum auriculatum),

 

c. Marutham (Lagerstroemia speciosa),

 

d. Neithal (Nymphaea pubescens),

 

e. Palai (Wrightia tinctoria)
 
Flowers have been a universal cultural object for millennia. They are an important aesthetic element in everyday life, and have played a highly symbolic role in our culture throughout the ages.Exchange of flowers marks respect,

 

affection, happiness, and love. However,the biological purpose of the flower is very different from the way we use and perceive. Flower helps a plant to reproduce its own kind. This chapter discusses flowers, their arrangement, fruits and seeds which are the reproductive units of a plant
NEET-Botany-Reproductive-Morphology-Chapter-Notes 1
 
4.1 Inflorescence
 
Have you seen a bouquet being used during functions? Group of flowers arranged together on our preference is a bouquet. But an inflorescence is a group of flowers arising from a branched or unbranched axis with a definite pattern. Function of inflorescence is to display the flowers for effective pollination and facilitate seed dispersal.The grouping of flowers in one place gives a better attraction to the visiting pollinators and maximize the energy of the plant.

 

 
4.1.1 Types of Inflorescence Based On Position

 

 
Have you ever noticed the inflorescence arising from different positions? Where is the inflorescence present in a plant? Apex or axil?

 

Based on position of inflorescences, it may be classified into three major types.

 

They are,

 

Terminal: Inflorescence grows as a part of the terminal shoot. Example: Raceme of Nerium oleander

 

Axillary: Inflorescence present in the axile of the nearest vegetative leaf.

 

Example: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

 

Cauliflorous: Inflorescence developed directly from a woody trunk. Example: Theobroma cocoa, Couroupita guianensis Observe the inflorescence of Jackfruit and Canon ball tree. Where does it arise?
NEET-Botany-Reproductive-Morphology-Chapter-Notes 2
 
4.1.2 Based on branching pattern and other characters

 

 
Inflorescences may also have classified based on branching, number and arrangement of flowers, and some specialized structures.

 

 
I. Indeterminate (racemose)

 

II. Determinate (cymose)

 

III. Mixed inflorescence: Inflorescence of some plants show a combination of indeterminate and determinate pattern

 

IV. Special inflorescence: Inflorescence which do not confined to these patterns
NEET-Botany-Reproductive-Morphology-Chapter-Notes 3
 
I. Racemose

 

 
The central axis of the inflorescence (peduncle) possesses terminal bud which is capable of growing continuously and produce lateral flowers is called racemose inflorescence. Old flowers are at the base and younger flowers and buds are towards the apex. It is further divided into 3 types based on growth pattern of main axis.
NEET-Botany-Reproductive-Morphology-Chapter-Notes 4
1. Main axis elongated

 

 
The axis of inflorescence is elongated and contains pedicellate or sessile flowers on it. The following types are discussed under main axis elongated type.

 

 
a. Simple raceme: The inflorescence with an unbranched main axis bears pedicellate flowers in acropetal succession. Example: Crotalaria retusa, mustard and radish.

 

 
b. Spike: Spike is an unbranched indeterminate inflorescence with sessile flowers. Example: Achyranthes,Stachytarpheta.

 

 
c. Spikelet: Literally it is a small spike. The Inflorescence is with
NEET-Botany-Reproductive-Morphology-Chapter-Notes 5
branched central axis. Each branch is a spikelet. Sessile flowers are formed in acropetal succession on the axis. A pair of inflorescence bracts called glumes is present at the base. Each sessile flower has a lemma (bract) and a palea (bracteole).Tepals reduced to colourless scaly leaves (lodicule). Each flower has stamen and pistil only. Example: Paddy, Wheat, Barley, Sorghum

 

 

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