NEET Biology Digestive System Chapter Notes

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Digestion and Absorption Revision Notes for Full Course Digestion and Absorption

INTRODUCTION
 
To perform various functions of the body energy is required, which is obtained from food. The process of conversion of complex food material in to simple and diffusible forms by hydrolysis is termed as Digestion.
NEET Biology Digestive System Chapter Notes
 
The alimentary canal is tubular structure which extends from mouth to anus. It develops from ectoderm & endoderm.
Ectoderm – up to hard palate
Endoderm – from soft palate to rectum
Ectoderm – from anal canal to Anus
The alimentary canal is divided into following parts–
(1) Mouth and Buccopharygeal cavity
(2) Oesophagus
(3) Stomach
(4) Intestine
 
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(1) Mouth and Buccopharyngeal Cavity – Mouth is a horizontal transverse slit like aperture which is surrounded by upper and lower lip. Orbicualaris oris voluntary muscles. are found in lips. Sebaceous glands
are found on the outer part of lip. Serous glands are found on the inner part of lip. Serous glands is the modification of mucus glands. Its secretory substance is watery.
In Rabbit a small cleft is found in the middle part of upper lip, such type of lip is called as Hare lip
 
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(i) Buccal vestibule – It is a peripheral part which, present between the gums and cheeks where the food is stored temporarily for some time
(ii) Oral cavity – It is inner & central part which, is surrounded by upper and lower Jaw. Lined by stratified squamous epithelium. Upper Jaw is Fixed and Lower jaw is Movable.
The roof of oral cavity is called as Palate. This palate is horizontal partition which situated between oral cavity and nasal chamber
 
NEET Biology Digestive System Chapter Notes3
 
Palate is differentiated into two parts :
 
(i) Hard Palate –
It is the anterior part of the palate. It is made up of Maxilla and palatine bone in human. But in Rabbit it is made of Pre-maxilla, maxilla, palatine bone.
On the ventral surface of hard palate, some projection or transverse ridges are present which are called as palatine rugae.
These rugae prevent slip out of the food from buccal cavity during mastication.
These rugae are well developed in carnivorous animals.
In rabbit, one pair opening of Nasopalatine duct is present at the anterior part of hard palate, these connect the buccal cavity to the Nasal passage. In Rabbit some olfactory receptor are also found in
nasopalatine duct which are called as Jacobson's organ. It makes them aware of the smell of food while chewing.
 
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